oracle12c备份与恢复,Oracle数据库之Oracle 12c的备份和恢复策略

最新推荐文章于 2025-06-01 13:00:00 发布

姬轩亦

最新推荐文章于 2025-06-01 13:00:00 发布

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文章标签： oracle12c备份与恢复

本文详细介绍了Oracle 12c的备份和恢复策略，包括每半年一次的全库备份，每周的零级备份，每日的一级备份，并提供了具体的RMAN备份脚本。恢复过程涵盖从spfile恢复，控制文件恢复到数据库恢复的步骤，确保数据安全。

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本文主要向大家介绍了Oracle数据库之Oracle 12c的备份和恢复策略，通过具体的内容向大家展现，希望对大家学习Oracle数据库有所帮助。

Oracle 12c的备份和恢复策略(RMAN备份[开启归档/控制文件/数据文件/归档日志])：

备份策略：

* 每半年做一个数据库的全备份(包括所有的数据和只读表空间)

* 每周做一次零级备份

* 每天做一次一级备份

*备份前设置rman的参数:configure controlfile autobackup on;(RMAN> show all;查看参数)

--crontab定时任务：

0 1 1 1,7 * oracle /bin/bash /data/oracle/backup/rman_bak_full.sh >>/tmp/rman_backup.log 2>&1

0 1 * * 0 oracle /bin/bash /data/oracle/backup/rman_bak_0.sh >>/tmp/rman_backup.log 2>&1

0 1 * * 1-6 oracle /bin/bash /data/oracle/backup/rman_bak_1.sh >>/tmp/rman_backup.log 2>&1

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一、备份：

1)数据库全备份的脚本:

#cat /data/oracle/backup/rman_bak_full.sh

#!/bin/bash

export ORACLE_SID=bieeocrl

export ORACLE_BASE=/data/oracle/app/oracle

export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/12.1.0.2.0/dbhome_1

export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH

export NLS_DATE_FORMAT=‘YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS‘

curr_t=`date +%Y%m%d%H%M%S`

echo ‘-------------------------------------------‘ | tee >> /data/oracle/backup/bieeocrl/rman_bak_${curr_t}.log

echo ‘Start FULL Backup at ‘`date +%Y-%m-%d:%H:%M:%S` | tee >> /data/oracle/backup/bieeocrl/rman_bak_${curr_t}.log

echo ‘-------------------------------------------‘ | tee >> /data/oracle/backup/bieeocrl/rman_bak_${curr_t}.log

rman target / nocatalog log /data/oracle/backup/bieeocrl/rman_bak_${curr_t}.log append<

run {

allocate channel c1 type disk;

allocate channel c2 type disk;

allocate channel c3 type disk;

backup full tag ‘dbfull‘ format ‘/data/oracle/backup/bieeocrl/full_bak_%U_%s_%T‘ as compressed backupset database include current controlfile;

sql ‘alter system archive log current‘;

backup archivelog all delete input tag=‘arch_bak‘ format ‘/data/oracle/backup/bieeocrl/arch_%U_%s_%T‘;

backup current controlfile tag=‘ctl_bak‘format ‘/data/oracle/backup/bieeocrl/full_control_%U_%s_%T‘;

backup spfile tag=‘spfile_bak‘ format ‘/data/oracle/backup/bieeocrl/spfile_%U_%s_%T‘;#参数文件备份可选

release channel c1;

release channel c2;

release channel c3;

}

EOF_RMAN

2)零级备份的脚本:

#cat /data/oracle/backup/rman_bak_0.sh

#!/bin/bash

export ORACLE_SID=bieeocrl

export ORACLE_BASE=/data/oracle/app/oracle

export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/12.1.0.2.0/dbhome_1

export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH

export NLS_DATE_FORMAT=‘YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS‘

curr_t=`date +%Y%m%d%H%M%S`

echo ‘-------------------------------------------‘ | tee >> /data/oracle/backup/bieeocrl/rman_bak_${curr_t}.log

echo ‘Start level 0 Backup at ‘`date +%Y-%m-%d:%H:%M:%S` | tee >> /data/oracle/backup/bieeocrl/rman_bak_${curr_t}.log

echo ‘-------------------------------------------‘ | tee >> /data/oracle/backup/bieeocrl/rman_bak_${curr_t}.log

rman target / nocatalog log "/data/oracle/backup/bieeocrl/rman_bak_${curr_t}.log" append<

run {

allocate channel c1 type disk;

allocate channel c2 type disk;

allocate channel c3 type disk;

backup incremental level 0 tag ‘db0‘ format ‘/data/oracle/backup/bieeocrl/db0_%U_%s_%T‘ as compressed backupset database;

sql ‘alter system archive log current‘;

backup archivelog all delete input tag=‘arch_bak‘ format ‘/data/oracle/backup/bieeocrl/arch0_%U_%s_%T‘;

backup current controlfile tag=‘ctl_bak‘format ‘/data/oracle/backup/bieeocrl/db0_control_%U_%s_%T‘;

backup spfile tag=‘spfile_bak‘ format ‘/data/oracle/backup/bieeocrl/spfile0_%U_%s_%T‘;#参数文件备份可选

release channel c1;

release channel c2;

release channel c3;

}

EOF_RMAN

3)一级备份的脚本:

#cat /data/oracle/backup/rman_bak_1.sh

#!/bin/bash

export ORACLE_SID=bieeocrl

export ORACLE_BASE=/data/oracle/app/oracle

export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/12.1.0.2.0/dbhome_1

export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH

export NLS_DATE_FORMAT=‘YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS‘

curr_t=`date +%Y%m%d%H%M%S`

echo ‘-------------------------------------------‘ | tee >> /data/oracle/backup/bieeocrl/rman_bak_${curr_t}.log

echo ‘Start level 1 Backup at ‘`date +%Y-%m-%d:%H:%M:%S` | tee >> /data/oracle/backup/bieeocrl/rman_bak_${curr_t}.log

echo ‘-------------------------------------------‘ | tee >> /data/oracle/backup/bieeocrl/rman_bak_${curr_t}.log

rman target / nocatalog log /data/oracle/backup/bieeocrl/rman_bak_${curr_t}.log append<

run {

allocate channel c1 type disk;

allocate channel c2 type disk;

allocate channel c3 type disk;

backup incremental level 1 tag ‘db1‘ format ‘/data/oracle/backup/bieeocrl/db1_%U_%s_%T‘ as compressed backupset database;

sql ‘alter system archive log current‘;

backup archivelog all delete input tag=‘arch_bak‘ format ‘/data/oracle/backup/bieeocrl/arch1_%U_%s_%T‘;

backup current controlfile tag=‘ctl_bak‘format ‘/data/oracle/backup/bieeocrl/db1_control_%U_%s_%T‘;

backup spfile tag=‘spfile_bak‘ format ‘/data/oracle/backup/bieeocrl/spfile1_%U_%s_%T‘;#参数文件备份可选

release channel c1;

release channel c2;

release channel c3;

}

EOF_RMAN

如果按照以上oracle备份策略，则每天的所需要备份的数据量只有一天的改变量。而做恢复时最多要恢复一个零级备份+六个一级备份。

================================================================================================================

二、恢复数据库的过程：

1)rman target / nocatalog

2)RMAN> startup nomount;

3)RMAN> restore spfile from ‘/data/oracle/backup/bieeocrl/db0_%U_%s_%T‘;

4)RMAN> shutdown immediate;

5)RMAN> startup nomount;

6)RMAN> restore controlfile from ‘/data/oracle/backup/bieeocrl/db0_control_%U_%s_%T‘;

7)RMAN> alter database mount;

8)RMAN> catalog start with ‘/data/oracle/backup/bieeocrl/arch0_%U_%s_%T‘;

9)RMAN> run{

allocate channel ch1 type disk;

restore database;

recover database;

release channel ch1;

}

10)RMAN> alter database open resetlogs;

11)RMAN> shutdown immediate;

12)RMAN> startup;

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