用Unity写设计模式-单例模式

单例模式介绍

确保某一个类只有一个实例，而且自行实例化并向整个系统提供这个实例。

参数详解

• Singleton 单例 (LoadBalancer 负载均衡器)

定义了一个Instance操作，让客户端访问它的唯一实例。 Instance是一个类操作。
*负责创建和维护自己的独特实例。

单例模式

//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
//	SingletonStructure.cs
//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;

public class SingletonStructure : MonoBehaviour
{

    void Start()
    {
        // Constructor is protected -- cannot use new
        Singleton s1 = Singleton.Instance();
        Singleton s2 = Singleton.Instance();

        // Test for same instance
        if (s1 == s2)
        {
            Debug.Log("Objects are the same instance");
        }
    }
}

/// <summary>
/// The 'Singleton' class
/// </summary>
class Singleton
{
    private static Singleton _instance;

    // Constructor is 'protected'
    protected Singleton()
    {
    }

    public static Singleton Instance()
    {
        // Uses lazy initialization.
        // Note: this is not thread safe.
        if (_instance == null)
        {
            _instance = new Singleton();
        }

        return _instance;
    }
}

单例模式案例1

//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
//	SingletonPatternExample1.cs
//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

using System;
using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;

//这个真实世界的代码演示了Singleton模式作为一个负载均衡对象。 只能创建该类的单个实例(singleton)
//因为服务器可能动态地进入或离线，每个请求必须通过一个对象，该对象拥有(web)场的状态信息。  
namespace SingletonPatternExample1
{
    public class SingletonPatternExample1 : MonoBehaviour
    {
        void Start()
        {
            LoadBalancer b1 = LoadBalancer.GetLoadBalancer();
            LoadBalancer b2 = LoadBalancer.GetLoadBalancer();
            LoadBalancer b3 = LoadBalancer.GetLoadBalancer();
            LoadBalancer b4 = LoadBalancer.GetLoadBalancer();

            // Same instance?
            if (b1 == b2 && b2 == b3 && b3 == b4)
            {
                Debug.Log("Same instance\n");
            }

            // 负载平衡15个服务器请求
            LoadBalancer balancer = LoadBalancer.GetLoadBalancer();
            for (int i = 0; i < 15; i++)
            {
                string server = balancer.Server;
                Debug.Log("Dispatch Request to: " + server);
            }
        }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// The 'Singleton' class
    /// </summary>
    class LoadBalancer
    {
        private static LoadBalancer _instance;
        private List<string> _servers = new List<string>();
        private System.Random _random = new System.Random();

        // 锁定同步对象
        private static object syncLock = new object();

        // Constructor (protected)
        protected LoadBalancer()
        {
            // List of available servers
            _servers.Add("ServerI");
            _servers.Add("ServerII");
            _servers.Add("ServerIII");
            _servers.Add("ServerIV");
            _servers.Add("ServerV");
        }

        public static LoadBalancer GetLoadBalancer()
        {
            //支持多线程应用程序通过'双重检查锁定'模式  
            //(一旦实例存在)避免每次调用该方法时锁定
            if (_instance == null)
            {
                lock (syncLock)
                {
                    if (_instance == null)
                    {
                        _instance = new LoadBalancer();
                    }
                }
            }

            return _instance;
        }

        // 简单，但有效的随机负载均衡器
        public string Server
        {
            get
            {
                int r = _random.Next(_servers.Count);
                return _servers[r].ToString();
            }
        }
    }
}

单例模式案例2

//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
//	SingletonPatternExample2.cs
//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections;

namespace SingletonPatternExample2
{
    public class SingletonPatternExample2 : MonoBehaviour
    {
        void Start()
        {
            RenderManager.Instance.Show();
        }

        void Update()
        {
            if (Input.GetKeyDown(KeyCode.Alpha1))
            {
                RenderManager.Instance.Show();
            }
        }
    }


    /// <summary>
    /// 某单例manager
    /// </summary>
    public class RenderManager
    {
        private static RenderManager instance;
        public static RenderManager Instance
        {
            get
            {
                if (instance == null)
                {
                    instance = new RenderManager();
                }
                return instance;
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 随便某方法
        /// </summary>
        public void Show()
        {
            Debug.Log("RenderManager is a Singleton !");
        }
    }

}

单例模式案例3

//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
//	SingletonPatternExample3.cs
//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections;

namespace SingletonPatternExample3
{

    public class SingletonPatternExample3 : MonoBehaviour
    {
        void Start()
        {
            //单例A
            SingletonA.Instance.DoSomething();

            //单例B
            SingletonB.Instance.DoSomething();
        }

    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 单例类基类（抽象类、泛型，其他类只需继承此类即可成为单例类）
    /// 继承该类的，即成为一个单例类
    /// </summary>
    public abstract class Singleton<T>
        where T : class, new()
    {
        private static T _instance = null;

        public static T Instance
        {
            get
            {
                if (_instance == null)
                {
                    _instance = new T();
                    return _instance;
                }
                return _instance;
            }
        }

        protected virtual void Awake()
        {
            _instance = this as T;
        }
    }


    /// <summary>
    /// 继承自Singleton<T>的单例
    /// </summary>
    public class SingletonA : Singleton<SingletonA>
    {
        public void DoSomething()
        {
            Debug.Log("SingletonA:DoSomething!");
        }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 继承自Singleton<T>的单例
    /// </summary>
    public class SingletonB : Singleton<SingletonB>
    {
        public void DoSomething()
        {
            Debug.Log("SingletonB:DoSomething!");
        }
    }


}