python中nltk_python+NLTK 自然语言学习处理：环境搭建

首先在http://nltk.org/install.html去下载相关的程序。需要用到的有python,numpy,pandas, matplotlib. 当安装好所有的程序之后运行nltk.download()进行词料库的下载。如下图。选择All packages。 然后点击下载

这里需要注意的是Download Directory 可以自行修改。但是最后的一级目录必须是nltk_data

比如可以修改成D:\nltk_data

这个下载器下载很慢，经常会遇到下载不了的时候。这个时候有两种方法可以选择：

2第二种方法：网上也有其他人打包的库：比如下面的这个链接就可以下载

这里需要注意的是自行下载的包必须要放在nltk_data文件夹里面。否则导入的时候会出现失败：比如我下载到NLTK的文件夹里面，在导入的时候报如下错误。系统

>>> from nltk.book import *

*** Introductory Examples for the NLTK Book ***

Loading text1, ..., text9 and sent1, ..., sent9

Type the name of the text or sentence to view it.

Type: 'texts()' or 'sents()' to list the materials.

Traceback (most recent call last):

File "", line 1, in

from nltk.book import *

File "E:\python2.7.11\lib\site-packages\nltk-3.2.4-py2.7.egg\nltk\book.py", line 20, in

text1 = Text(gutenberg.words('melville-moby_dick.txt'))

File "E:\python2.7.11\lib\site-packages\nltk-3.2.4-py2.7.egg\nltk\corpus\util.py", line 116, in __getattr__

self.__load()

File "E:\python2.7.11\lib\site-packages\nltk-3.2.4-py2.7.egg\nltk\corpus\util.py", line 81, in __load

except LookupError: raise e

LookupError:

**********************************************************************

Resource u'corpora/gutenberg' not found.  Please use the NLTK

Downloader to obtain the resource:  >>> nltk.download()

Searched in:

- 'C:\\Users\\Administrator/nltk_data'

- 'C:\\nltk_data'

- 'D:\\nltk_data'

- 'E:\\nltk_data'

- 'E:\\python2.7.11\\nltk_data'

- 'E:\\python2.7.11\\lib\\nltk_data'

- 'C:\\Users\\Administrator\\AppData\\Roaming\\nltk_data'

系统在下面的几个路径去找，由于没有nltk_data的文件夹，所以找不到相关的文件

- 'C:\\Users\\Administrator/nltk_data'

- 'C:\\nltk_data'

- 'D:\\nltk_data'

- 'E:\\nltk_data'

- 'E:\\python2.7.11\\nltk_data'

- 'E:\\python2.7.11\\lib\\nltk_data'

- 'C:\\Users\\Administrator\\AppData\\Roaming\\nltk_data'

将文件目录名改成如下后就可以了

而在linux环境下，搜索的路径为如下，我们需要将nltk的数据放置在如下的目录中

Searched in:

- '/root/nltk_data'

- '/usr/share/nltk_data'

- '/usr/local/share/nltk_data'

- '/usr/lib/nltk_data'

- '/usr/local/lib/nltk_data'

- '/usr/nltk_data'

- '/usr/lib/nltk_data'

我是放在了/usr目录下面

我们再导入就成功了

>>> from nltk.book import *

*** Introductory Examples for the NLTK Book ***

Loading text1, ..., text9 and sent1, ..., sent9

Type the name of the text or sentence to view it.

Type: 'texts()' or 'sents()' to list the materials.

text1: Moby Dick by Herman Melville 1851

text2: Sense and Sensibility by Jane Austen 1811

text3: The Book of Genesis

text4: Inaugural Address Corpus

text5: Chat Corpus

text6: Monty Python and the Holy Grail

text7: Wall Street Journal

text8: Personals Corpus

text9: The Man Who Was Thursday by G . K . Chesterton 1908

我们来测试一把：下面这个命令的意义在于在text1文本中查找monstrous出现的地方

>>> text1.concordance('monstrous')

Displaying 11 of 11 matches:

ong the former , one was of a most monstrous size . ... This came towards us ,

ON OF THE PSALMS . " Touching that monstrous bulk of the whale or ork we have r

ll over with a heathenish array of monstrous clubs and spears . Some were thick

d as you gazed , and wondered what monstrous cannibal and savage could ever hav

that has survived the flood ; most monstrous and most mountainous ! That Himmal

they might scout at Moby Dick as a monstrous fable , or still worse and more de

th of Radney .'" CHAPTER 55 Of the Monstrous Pictures of Whales . I shall ere l

ing Scenes . In connexion with the monstrous pictures of whales , I am strongly

ere to enter upon those still more monstrous stories of them which are to be fo

ght have been rummaged out of this monstrous cabinet there is no telling . But

of Whale - Bones ; for Whales of a monstrous size are oftentimes cast up dead u

环境已经搭建好了，后面就开始正式的NLTK学习了