linux struct pt_regs结构体

原创已于 2024-03-29 14:12:22 修改 · 1k 阅读

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于 2024-03-29 14:02:03 首次发布

本文详细解释了Linux内核中针对arm32和arm64架构的structpt_regs结构体定义，包括其各个寄存器的偏移量，以及structuser_pt_regs的用途，强调了栈在异常处理中的作用和对结构体大小的要求。

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本文基于linux-4.19.125

arm32

struct pt_regs结构体定义

struct pt_regs结构体定义位于arch/arm/include/asm/ptrace.h 文件：

struct pt_regs {
	unsigned long uregs[18];
};

struct svc_pt_regs {
	struct pt_regs regs;
	u32 dacr;
	u32 addr_limit;
};

pt_regs结构体含义

关于pt_regs结构体的含义，可在编译生成的include/generated/asm-offsets.h中查到：

#define S_R0 0 /* offsetof(struct pt_regs, ARM_r0) */
#define S_R1 4 /* offsetof(struct pt_regs, ARM_r1) */
#define S_R2 8 /* offsetof(struct pt_regs, ARM_r2) */
#define S_R3 12 /* offsetof(struct pt_regs, ARM_r3) */
#define S_R4 16 /* offsetof(struct pt_regs, ARM_r4) */
#define S_R5 20 /* offsetof(struct pt_regs, ARM_r5) */
#define S_R6 24 /* offsetof(struct pt_regs, ARM_r6) */
#define S_R7 28 /* offsetof(struct pt_regs, ARM_r7) */
#define S_R8 32 /* offsetof(struct pt_regs, ARM_r8) */
#define S_R9 36 /* offsetof(struct pt_regs, ARM_r9) */
#define S_R10 40 /* offsetof(struct pt_regs, ARM_r10) */
#define S_FP 44 /* offsetof(struct pt_regs, ARM_fp) */
#define S_IP 48 /* offsetof(struct pt_regs, ARM_ip) */
#define S_SP 52 /* offsetof(struct pt_regs, ARM_sp) */
#define S_LR 56 /* offsetof(struct pt_regs, ARM_lr) */
#define S_PC 60 /* offsetof(struct pt_regs, ARM_pc) */
#define S_PSR 64 /* offsetof(struct pt_regs, ARM_cpsr) */
#define S_OLD_R0 68 /* offsetof(struct pt_regs, ARM_ORIG_r0) */

或者，从arm/arm/kernel/asm-offset.c中查看：

  DEFINE(S_R0,			offsetof(struct pt_regs, ARM_r0));
  DEFINE(S_R1,			offsetof(struct pt_regs, ARM_r1));
  DEFINE(S_R2,			offsetof(struct pt_regs, ARM_r2));
  DEFINE(S_R3,			offsetof(struct pt_regs, ARM_r3));
  DEFINE(S_R4,			offsetof(struct pt_regs, ARM_r4));
  DEFINE(S_R5,			offsetof(struct pt_regs, ARM_r5));
  DEFINE(S_R6,			offsetof(struct pt_regs, ARM_r6));
  DEFINE(S_R7,			offsetof(struct pt_regs, ARM_r7));
  DEFINE(S_R8,			offsetof(struct pt_regs, ARM_r8));
  DEFINE(S_R9,			offsetof(struct pt_regs, ARM_r9));
  DEFINE(S_R10,			offsetof(struct pt_regs, ARM_r10));
  DEFINE(S_FP,			offsetof(struct pt_regs, ARM_fp));
  DEFINE(S_IP,			offsetof(struct pt_regs, ARM_ip));
  DEFINE(S_SP,			offsetof(struct pt_regs, ARM_sp));
  DEFINE(S_LR,			offsetof(struct pt_regs, ARM_lr));
  DEFINE(S_PC,			offsetof(struct pt_regs, ARM_pc));
  DEFINE(S_PSR,			offsetof(struct pt_regs, ARM_cpsr));
  DEFINE(S_OLD_R0,		offsetof(struct pt_regs, ARM_ORIG_r0));
  DEFINE(PT_REGS_SIZE,		sizeof(struct pt_regs));

arm64

pt_regs结构体定义

在arch/arm64/include/asm/ptrace.h文件中定义了struct pt_regs结构体：

/*
 * This struct defines the way the registers are stored on the stack during an
 * exception. Note that sizeof(struct pt_regs) has to be a multiple of 16 (for
 * stack alignment). struct user_pt_regs must form a prefix of struct pt_regs.
 */
struct pt_regs {
	union {
		struct user_pt_regs user_regs;
		struct {
			u64 regs[31];
			u64 sp;
			u64 pc;
			u64 pstate;
		};
	};
	u64 orig_x0;
#ifdef __AARCH64EB__
	u32 unused2;
	s32 syscallno;
#else
	s32 syscallno;
	u32 unused2;
#endif

	u64 orig_addr_limit;
	u64 unused;	// maintain 16 byte alignment
	u64 stackframe[2];
};

其中struct user_pt_regs的定义位于arch/arm64/include/uapi/asm/ptrace.h ：

/*
 * User structures for general purpose, floating point and debug registers.
 */
struct user_pt_regs {
	__u64		regs[31];
	__u64		sp;
	__u64		pc;
	__u64		pstate;
};

pt_regs结构体含义

关于pt_regs结构体的含义，可在编译生成的include/generated/asm-offsets.h中查到：

#define S_X0 0 /* offsetof(struct pt_regs, regs[0]) */
#define S_X1 8 /* offsetof(struct pt_regs, regs[1]) */
#define S_X2 16 /* offsetof(struct pt_regs, regs[2]) */
#define S_X3 24 /* offsetof(struct pt_regs, regs[3]) */
#define S_X4 32 /* offsetof(struct pt_regs, regs[4]) */
#define S_X5 40 /* offsetof(struct pt_regs, regs[5]) */
#define S_X6 48 /* offsetof(struct pt_regs, regs[6]) */
#define S_X7 56 /* offsetof(struct pt_regs, regs[7]) */
#define S_X8 64 /* offsetof(struct pt_regs, regs[8]) */
#define S_X10 80 /* offsetof(struct pt_regs, regs[10]) */
#define S_X12 96 /* offsetof(struct pt_regs, regs[12]) */
#define S_X14 112 /* offsetof(struct pt_regs, regs[14]) */
#define S_X16 128 /* offsetof(struct pt_regs, regs[16]) */
#define S_X18 144 /* offsetof(struct pt_regs, regs[18]) */
#define S_X20 160 /* offsetof(struct pt_regs, regs[20]) */
#define S_X22 176 /* offsetof(struct pt_regs, regs[22]) */
#define S_X24 192 /* offsetof(struct pt_regs, regs[24]) */
#define S_X26 208 /* offsetof(struct pt_regs, regs[26]) */
#define S_X28 224 /* offsetof(struct pt_regs, regs[28]) */
#define S_LR 240 /* offsetof(struct pt_regs, regs[30]) */
#define S_SP 248 /* offsetof(struct pt_regs, sp) */
#define S_PSTATE 264 /* offsetof(struct pt_regs, pstate) */
#define S_PC 256 /* offsetof(struct pt_regs, pc) */
#define S_ORIG_X0 272 /* offsetof(struct pt_regs, orig_x0) */
#define S_SYSCALLNO 280 /* offsetof(struct pt_regs, syscallno) */
#define S_ORIG_ADDR_LIMIT 288 /* offsetof(struct pt_regs, orig_addr_limit) */
#define S_STACKFRAME 304 /* offsetof(struct pt_regs, stackframe) */
#define S_FRAME_SIZE 320 /* sizeof(struct pt_regs) */

或者，从arm/arm64/kernel/asm-offset.c中查看：

  DEFINE(S_X0,			offsetof(struct pt_regs, regs[0]));
  DEFINE(S_X1,			offsetof(struct pt_regs, regs[1]));
  DEFINE(S_X2,			offsetof(struct pt_regs, regs[2]));
  DEFINE(S_X3,			offsetof(struct pt_regs, regs[3]));
  DEFINE(S_X4,			offsetof(struct pt_regs, regs[4]));
  DEFINE(S_X5,			offsetof(struct pt_regs, regs[5]));
  DEFINE(S_X6,			offsetof(struct pt_regs, regs[6]));
  DEFINE(S_X7,			offsetof(struct pt_regs, regs[7]));
  DEFINE(S_X8,			offsetof(struct pt_regs, regs[8]));
  DEFINE(S_X10,			offsetof(struct pt_regs, regs[10]));
  DEFINE(S_X12,			offsetof(struct pt_regs, regs[12]));
  DEFINE(S_X14,			offsetof(struct pt_regs, regs[14]));
  DEFINE(S_X16,			offsetof(struct pt_regs, regs[16]));
  DEFINE(S_X18,			offsetof(struct pt_regs, regs[18]));
  DEFINE(S_X20,			offsetof(struct pt_regs, regs[20]));
  DEFINE(S_X22,			offsetof(struct pt_regs, regs[22]));
  DEFINE(S_X24,			offsetof(struct pt_regs, regs[24]));
  DEFINE(S_X26,			offsetof(struct pt_regs, regs[26]));
  DEFINE(S_X28,			offsetof(struct pt_regs, regs[28]));
  DEFINE(S_LR,			offsetof(struct pt_regs, regs[30]));
  DEFINE(S_SP,			offsetof(struct pt_regs, sp));
#ifdef CONFIG_COMPAT
  DEFINE(S_COMPAT_SP,		offsetof(struct pt_regs, compat_sp));
#endif
  DEFINE(S_PSTATE,		offsetof(struct pt_regs, pstate));
  DEFINE(S_PC,			offsetof(struct pt_regs, pc));
  DEFINE(S_ORIG_X0,		offsetof(struct pt_regs, orig_x0));
  DEFINE(S_SYSCALLNO,		offsetof(struct pt_regs, syscallno));
  DEFINE(S_ORIG_ADDR_LIMIT,	offsetof(struct pt_regs, orig_addr_limit));
  DEFINE(S_STACKFRAME,		offsetof(struct pt_regs, stackframe));
  DEFINE(S_FRAME_SIZE,		sizeof(struct pt_regs));