SpringBoot 读取配置文件内容的几种方式

最新推荐文章于 2023-09-09 08:55:52 发布

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本文详细介绍了在Spring框架中从application.yml或properties文件读取配置信息的多种方法，包括使用@Value、@ConfigurationProperties注解以及通过Environment对象进行读取。同时，还展示了如何读取指定的外部配置文件。

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读取application文件

在application.yml或者properties文件中添加：

info.address=USA
info.company=Spring
info.degree=high

@Value注解读取方式

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
 
@Component
public class InfoConfig1 {
 
   @Value("${info.address}")
   private String address;
 
   @Value("${info.company}")
   private String company;
 
   @Value("${info.degree}")
   private String degree;
 
   public String getAddress() {
       return address;
   }
 
   public void setAddress(String address) {
       this.address = address;
   }
 
   public String getCompany() {
       return company;
   }
 
   public void setCompany(String company) {
       this.company = company;
   }
 
   public String getDegree() {
       return degree;
   }
 
   public void setDegree(String degree) {
       this.degree = degree;
   }
 
}

@ConfigurationProperties注解读取方式

@Component
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "info")
public class InfoConfig2 {
 
   private String address;
   private String company;
   private String degree;
 
   public String getAddress() {
       return address;
   }
 
   public void setAddress(String address) {
       this.address = address;
   }
 
   public String getCompany() {
       return company;
   }
 
   public void setCompany(String company) {
       this.company = company;
   }
 
   public String getDegree() {
       return degree;
   }
 
   public void setDegree(String degree) {
       this.degree = degree;
   }
 
}

读取指定文件

资源目录下建立config/db-config.properties：

db.username=root
db.password=123456

@PropertySource+@Value注解读取方式

@Component
@PropertySource(value = { "config/db-config.properties" })
public class DBConfig1 {
 
   @Value("${db.username}")
   private String username;
 
   @Value("${db.password}")
   private String password;
 
   public String getUsername() {
       return username;
   }
 
   public void setUsername(String username) {
       this.username = username;
   }
 
   public String getPassword() {
       return password;
   }
 
   public void setPassword(String password) {
       this.password = password;
   }
 
}

注意：@PropertySource不支持yml文件读取。

@PropertySource+@ConfigurationProperties注解读取方式

@Component
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "db")
@PropertySource(value = { "config/db-config.properties" })
public class DBConfig2 {
 
   private String username;
   private String password;
 
   public String getUsername() {
       return username;
   }
 
   public void setUsername(String username) {
       this.username = username;
   }
 
   public String getPassword() {
       return password;
   }
 
   public void setPassword(String password) {
       this.password = password;
   }
 
}

Environment读取方式

以上所有加载出来的配置都可以通过Environment注入获取到。

@Autowired
private Environment env;
 
// 获取参数
String getProperty(String key);