linux的ssh服务

1.ssh

功能：让远程主机可以通过网络访问sshd服务，开启一个安全的shell
首先查看sshd服务是否开启

2.客户端连接方式

ssh 远程主机用户@远程主机ip
[root@ssh-server Desktop]# ssh root@172.25.254.161
The authenticity of host ‘172.25.254.161 (172.25.254.161)’ can’t be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is eb:24:0e:07:96:26:b1:04:c2:37:0c:78:2d:bc:b0:08.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
—————————第一次与远程陌生主机建立联系时会询问是否建立联系，只能回答yes或no，第二次及以后建立联系时则不会询问
Warning: Permanently added ‘172.25.254.161’ (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
root@172.25.254.161’s password:   输入远程主机的用户密码
Last login: Mon Apr 10 04:19:59 2017
[root@ssh-client ~]#     表示已经进入远程主机的shell

ssh 远程主机用户@远程主机ip -X       可以调用远程主机图形工具

ssh 远程主机用户@远程主机ip command    直接在远程主机运行某条命令

3.ssh key加密

1.生成公钥私钥

[root@ssh-server Desktop]# ssh-keygen   生成公钥和私钥工具
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa):  加密字符保存文件（建议用默认）
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):       密钥密码，必须>4个字符（可用enter键直接默认）
Enter same passphrase again:             确认密码（可用enter键直接默认）
Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
a1:0f:30:eb:f4:37:a6:ef:37:f6:dc:56:97:e5:aa:2d root@ssh-server
The key’s randomart image is:
+–[ RSA 2048]—-+
| |
| |
| o . |
| + . . .|
| o o S .o|
| o . o .+|
| . . = o.|
| + .+.Eoo |
| .ooo o++o |
+—————–+

[root@ssh-server Desktop]# ls /root/.ssh/
id_rsa id_rsa.pub
id_rsa   私钥，就是钥匙
id_rsa.pub 公钥，就是锁

2.添加key认证方式

[root@ssh-server Desktop]# ssh-copy-id -i /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@172.25.254.160
ssh- copy- id ————————–添加key认证方式的工具
-i —————————————指定加密key文件
/root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub —————加密key
root ————————————加密用户为root
172.25.254.160———————–被加密主机ip
PS.这里是给主机添加key认证方式

3.分发钥匙给client主机

[root@ssh-server Desktop]# scp /root/.ssh/id_rsa root@172.25.254.254:/root/.ssh/

4.验证客户端使用id_rsa 无密登陆主机shell

4.提升openssh的安全级别

1.openssh-server配置文件
/etc/ssh/sshd_config
78 PasswordAuthentication yes|no   是否开启用户密码认证，yes为支持no为关闭
48 PermitRootLogin yes|no      是否允许超级用户登陆
49 AllowUsers student westos     用户白名单，只有在名单中出现的用户可以使用sshd建立shell
50 DenyUsers westos           用户黑名单