sqlzoo--Using Null

最新推荐文章于 2022-03-02 15:25:29 发布

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本文通过具体案例介绍了SQL查询的基本语法及高级应用，包括不同类型的JOIN操作、COALESCE函数的使用、COUNT函数的统计方法及CASE表达式的条件判断等。通过这些技巧，读者可以更好地理解和掌握如何从复杂的关系型数据库中提取所需数据。

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这里涉及两个表：
teacher(id,dept,name,phone,mobile);
dept(id,name);
1.List the teachers who have NULL for their department.

SELECT name
FROM teacher
WHERE dept IS NULL

2.Note the INNER JOIN misses the teachers with no department and the departments with no teacher.

SELECT teacher.name, dept.name
 FROM teacher INNER JOIN dept
           ON teacher.dept=dept.id

（联结主要有两种，内联结和外联结，其中内联结只能选出同时存在两张表中的数据；而外联结只要数据存在某一张表中，就能够读取出来,这里需要指明主表，用关键字LEFT、RIGHT。
3.Use a different JOIN so that all teachers are listed.

SELECT teacher.name,dept.name
     FROM teacher LEFT OUTER JOIN dept
            ON teacher.dept=dept.id

4.Use a different JOIN so that all departments are listed.

 SELECT teacher.name,dept.name
 FROM teacher RIGHT OUTER JOIN dept
           ON teacher.dept=dept.id

5.Use COALESCE to print the mobile number. Use the number ‘07986 444 2266’ if there is no number given. Show teacher name and mobile number or ‘07986 444 2266’

SELECT name,COALESCE(mobile,'07986 444 2266')
FROM teacher

6.Use the COALESCE function and a LEFT JOIN to print the teacher name and department name. Use the string ‘None’ where there is no department.

SELECT teacher.name,COALESCE(dept.name,'None')
FROM teacher LEFT OUTER JOIN dept 
  ON teacher.dept=dept.id

7.Use COUNT to show the number of teachers and the number of mobile phones.

SELECT COUNT(name),COUNT(mobile)
FROM teacher

(聚合函数均不包含含NULL的数据，除COUNT（*）之外)
8.Use COUNT and GROUP BY dept.name to show each department and the number of staff. Use a RIGHT JOIN to ensure that the Engineering department is listed.

SELECT dept.name,COUNT(dept)
FROM teacher RIGHT OUTER JOIN dept 
  ON teacher.dept=dept.id
GROUP BY dept.name

9.Use CASE to show the name of each teacher followed by ‘Sci’ if the teacher is in dept 1 or 2 and ‘Art’ otherwise.

SELECT name,
            CASE WHEN dept IN (1,2)
                 THEN 'Sci'
                 ELSE 'Art'
            END
FROM teacher

10.Use CASE to show the name of each teacher followed by ‘Sci’ if the teacher is in dept 1 or 2, show ‘Art’ if the teacher’s dept is 3 and ‘None’ otherwise.

SELECT name,
      CASE WHEN dept IN (1,2) 
           THEN 'Sci'
           WHEN dept=3 
           THEN 'Art'
           ELSE 'None'
       END
FROM teacher