apue.3e环境配置

Unix环境高级编程(第3版)环境搭建

在配置Unix环境高级编程环境的过程中，笔者遇到了不少的困难。为了不负韶华，特地记载配置环境过程中遇到的错误。

1. 预准备

• 系统版本：Ubuntu 18.04
• 源码下载：http://www.apuebook.com

2. 配置步骤

1. 解压文件：

tar -zxvf src.3e.tar.gz

2. 切换目录至apue.3e，并编译make：

cd apue.3e
make

3. 把静态库复制到系统目录上：

sudo cp include/apue.h /usr/include/
sudo cp lib/error.c /usr/include/ 
sudo cp lib/libapue.a /usr/lib

4. 测试，编译测试文件：

gcc ***.c -o *** -l apue

3. 遇到的错误与解决方法

3.1 -lbsd not find

bug描述：

/usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lbsd

解决方案：
安装libbsd-dev库：

sudo apt-get install libbsd-dev

3.2 devrdev.c:(.text+0xc5): undefined reference to ‘minor’

bug描述：

cc -ansi -I../include -Wall -DLINUX -D_GNU_SOURCE  devrdev.c -o devrdev  -L../lib -lapue 
devrdev.c: In function ‘main’:
devrdev.c:19:25: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘major’ [-Wimplicit-function-declaration]
   19 |   printf("dev = %d/%d", major(buf.st_dev),  minor(buf.st_dev));
      |                         ^~~~~
devrdev.c:19:45: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘minor’ [-Wimplicit-function-declaration]
   19 |   printf("dev = %d/%d", major(buf.st_dev),  minor(buf.st_dev));
      |                                             ^~~~~
/usr/bin/ld: /tmp/ccftLgS4.o: in function `main':
devrdev.c:(.text+0xc5): undefined reference to `minor'
/usr/bin/ld: devrdev.c:(.text+0xdb): undefined reference to `major'
/usr/bin/ld: devrdev.c:(.text+0x128): undefined reference to `minor'
/usr/bin/ld: devrdev.c:(.text+0x13e): undefined reference to `major'
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
make[1]: *** [Makefile:18: devrdev] Error 1
make[1]: Leaving directory '/home/.../apue.3e/filedir'
make: *** [Makefile:6: all] Error 1

解决方案：

# 解决方案1：在devrdev.c文件加上 #include <sys/sysmacros.h>
#include <sys/sysmacros.h>
# 解决方案2：编辑 Makefile，去掉 filedir 
# 笔者使用方案1起效，没试过方案2的效果

3.3 ‘FILE’ {aka ‘struct _IO_FILE’} has no member named ‘__pad’; did you mean ‘__pad5’?

bug描述：

buf.c:104:13: note: in expansion of macro ‘_flag’
  return(fp->_flag & _IOLBF);
             ^~~~~
buf.c: In function ‘buffer_size’:
buf.c:92:15: error: ‘FILE’ {aka ‘struct _IO_FILE’} has no member named ‘__pad’; did you mean ‘__pad5’?
 #define _base __pad[2]
               ^~~~~
buf.c:111:13: note: in expansion of macro ‘_base’
  return(fp->_base - fp->_ptr);
             ^~~~~
buf.c:91:14: error: ‘FILE’ {aka ‘struct _IO_FILE’} has no member named ‘__pad’; did you mean ‘__pad5’?
 #define _ptr __pad[1]
              ^~~~~
buf.c:111:25: note: in expansion of macro ‘_ptr’
  return(fp->_base - fp->_ptr);
                         ^~~~
buf.c: In function ‘is_unbuffered’:
buf.c:99:1: warning: control reaches end of non-void function [-Wreturn-type]
 }
 ^
buf.c: In function ‘is_linebuffered’:
buf.c:105:1: warning: control reaches end of non-void function [-Wreturn-type]
 }
 ^
buf.c: In function ‘buffer_size’:
buf.c:115:1: warning: control reaches end of non-void function [-Wreturn-type]
 }

解决方案：

# 注释调前五行（ifdef到endif）
# return(fp->_flag & _IONBF); 修改为 return(fp->_flags & _IONBF);
# return(fp->_base - fp->_ptr); 修改为 return(fp->_IO_buf_end - fp->_IO_buf_base);

修改后的文件如下：

/*
#ifdef _LP64
#define _flags __pad[4]
#define _ptr __pad[1]
#define _base __pad[2]
#endif
*/

int
is_unbuffered(FILE *fp)
{
	return(fp->_flags & _IONBF);
}

int
is_linebuffered(FILE *fp)
{
	return(fp->_flags & _IOLBF);
}

int
buffer_size(FILE *fp)
{
#ifdef _LP64
	return(fp->_IO_buf_end - fp->_IO_buf_base);
#else
	return(BUFSIZ);	/* just a guess */
#endif
}

3.4 undefined reference to ‘err_quit’

bug描述：

undefined reference to 'err_quit'

解决方案：
把 #include “error.c” 添加到 /include/apue.h文件中，在编译时需要静态链接到apue库。

#include "error.c"

gcc ***.c -o *** -l apue

3.5 注意事项

在修改错误后，重新make之前要记得先删除make产生的文件。

make clean && make