Spring Boot内嵌容器支持Tomcat、Jetty、Undertow。为什么选择Undertow?
这里有一篇文章,时间 2017年1月26日发布的:
Tomcat vs. Jetty vs. Undertow: Comparison of Spring Boot Embedded Servlet Containers
这篇文章详细测试了Spring Boot应用在三种容器下的性能和内存使用,内含完整的测试代码和测试流程。证明了Undertow在性能和内存使用上是最好的。
在Spring Boot中使用 Undertow 而不是 Tomcat
1、Maven示例:
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-undertow</artifactId>
</dependency>
2、配置Undertow,application.yml示例:
server.undertow.accesslog.dir= # Undertow access log directory.
server.undertow.accesslog.enabled=false # Enable access log.
server.undertow.accesslog.pattern=common # Format pattern for access logs.
server.undertow.accesslog.prefix=access_log. # Log file name prefix.
server.undertow.accesslog.rotate=true # Enable access log rotation.
server.undertow.accesslog.suffix=log # Log file name suffix.
server.undertow.buffer-size= # Size of each buffer in bytes.
server.undertow.buffers-per-region= # Number of buffer per region.
server.undertow.direct-buffers= # Allocate buffers outside the Java heap.
server.undertow.io-threads= # Number of I/O threads to create for the worker.
server.undertow.max-http-post-size=0 # Maximum size in bytes of the HTTP post content.
server.undertow.worker-threads= # Number of worker threads.
3、使用 Undertow 监听多个端口示例:
@Bean
public UndertowEmbeddedServletContainerFactory embeddedServletContainerFactory() {
UndertowEmbeddedServletContainerFactory factory = new UndertowEmbeddedServletContainerFactory();
factory.addBuilderCustomizers(new UndertowBuilderCustomizer() {
@Override
public void customize(Builder builder) {
builder.addHttpListener(8080, "0.0.0.0");
}
});
return factory;
}
配置项:
# 设置IO线程数, 它主要执行非阻塞的任务,它们会负责多个连接, 默认设置每个CPU核心一个线程
# 不要设置过大,如果过大,启动项目会报错:打开文件数过多
server.undertow.io-threads=16
# 阻塞任务线程池, 当执行类似servlet请求阻塞IO操作, undertow会从这个线程池中取得线程
# 它的值设置取决于系统线程执行任务的阻塞系数,默认值是IO线程数*8
server.undertow.worker-threads=256
# 以下的配置会影响buffer,这些buffer会用于服务器连接的IO操作,有点类似netty的池化内存管理
# 每块buffer的空间大小,越小的空间被利用越充分,不要设置太大,以免影响其他应用,合适即可
server.undertow.buffer-size=1024
# 每个区分配的buffer数量 , 所以pool的大小是buffer-size * buffers-per-region
server.undertow.buffers-per-region=1024
# 是否分配的直接内存(NIO直接分配的堆外内存)
server.undertow.direct-buffers=true
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来看看源代码:
ioThreads = Math.max(Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors(), 2);
workerThreads = ioThreads * 8;
//smaller than 64mb of ram we use 512b buffers
if (maxMemory < 64 * 1024 * 1024) {
//use 512b buffers
directBuffers = false;
bufferSize = 512;
} else if (maxMemory < 128 * 1024 * 1024) {
//use 1k buffers
directBuffers = true;
bufferSize = 1024;
} else {
//use 16k buffers for best performance
//as 16k is generally the max amount of data that can be sent in a single write() call
directBuffers = true;
bufferSize = 1024 * 16 - 20; //the 20 is to allow some space for protocol headers, see UNDERTOW-1209
}
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很显然,Undertow认为它的运用场景是在IO密集型的系统应用中,并且认为多核机器是一个比较容易满足的点,Undertow初始化假想应用的阻塞系数在0.8~0.9之间,所以阻塞线程数直接乘了个8,当然,如果对应用较精确的估测阻塞系数,可以配置上去,