Netty--ChannelHandler和ChannelPipeline

ChannelHandler

类图

ChannelHandler

public interface ChannelHandler {
    void handlerAdded(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception;
    void handlerRemoved(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception;
}

ChannelInboundHandler

inbound事件：从I/O线程流向用户业务handler的事件。

public interface ChannelInboundHandler extends ChannelHandler {

    void channelRegistered(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception;
    void channelUnregistered(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception;

    void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception;
    void channelInactive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception;

    void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception;
    void channelReadComplete(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception;


    void userEventTriggered(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object evt) throws Exception;
    void channelWritabilityChanged(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception;

    /**
     * Gets called if a {@link Throwable} was thrown.
     */
    @Override
    @SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
    void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws Exception;
}

ChannelOutboundHandler

outbound事件：由用户或代码发起的I/O操作事件。

public interface ChannelOutboundHandler extends ChannelHandler {
    void bind(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, SocketAddress localAddress, ChannelPromise promise) throws Exception;
    void connect(
            ChannelHandlerContext ctx, SocketAddress remoteAddress,
            SocketAddress localAddress, ChannelPromise promise) throws Exception;

    void disconnect(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, ChannelPromise promise) throws Exception;


    void close(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, ChannelPromise promise) throws Exception;

    void deregister(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, ChannelPromise promise) throws Exception;

    void read(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception;
    void write(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg, ChannelPromise promise) throws Exception;
    void flush(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception;
}

ByteToMessageDecoder

用于把读取到的字节数组或字节缓冲区解析为业务POJO。

MessageToMessageDecoder

MessageToMessageDecoder为二次解码器，用于把一个对象二次解析为另一个对象。

LineBasedFrameDecoder

通过长度处理半包，粘包问题

ChannelPipeline

Netty将Channel的数据管道抽象为ChannelPipeline，消息在ChannelPipeline中流动和传递。ChannelPipeline持有I/O事件拦截器ChannelHandler的链表，由ChannelHandler对I/O事件进行处理。

在ChannelPipeline 中ChannelHandler由ChannelHandlerContext进行了封装，包含next，prev指针。

    volatile AbstractChannelHandlerContext next;
    volatile AbstractChannelHandlerContext prev;

调用事件时，调用next或者prev的同名事件。

    static void invokeChannelRegistered(final AbstractChannelHandlerContext next) {
        EventExecutor executor = next.executor();
        if (executor.inEventLoop()) {
            next.invokeChannelRegistered();
        } else {
            executor.execute(new Runnable() {
                @Override
                public void run() {
                    next.invokeChannelRegistered();
                }
            });
        }
    }

ChannelPipeline 包含2个属性：head，tail，当fireXXX()时，调用head或tail的相关方法。

    final AbstractChannelHandlerContext head;
    final AbstractChannelHandlerContext tail;

    public final ChannelPipeline fireChannelUnregistered() {
        AbstractChannelHandlerContext.invokeChannelUnregistered(head);
        return this;
    }