Drawable、Bitmap、Canvas、Paint和 Matrix 的使用（三）

在Android中的绘图应该继承View组件，并重写它的onDraw(Canvas canvas)方法，Canvas代表了“依附”于指定View的画布，它提供了如下方法绘制各种图形。

Canvas还提供了如下方法进行变换：

在Canvas提供的绘制方法中用到了一个API：Paint，Paint 代表了Canvas上的画笔，主要用于绘制风格，包括画笔颜色、画笔笔触粗细、填充风格等。它提供了如下方法。

在Canvas提供的绘制方法中还用到了一个API：Path，代表任意多条直线连接而成的任意图形，当Canvas根据Path绘制时，可以绘制出任意的形状。

public class CanvasView extends View {

    public CanvasView(Context context) {
        super(context);
    }

    public CanvasView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
        super(context, attrs);
    }

    @Override
    protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) {
        super.onDraw(canvas);

        canvas.drawColor(Color.WHITE);
        //创建画笔
        Paint paint = new Paint();
        paint.setAntiAlias(true);
        paint.setColor(Color.BLUE);
        paint.setStyle(Paint.Style.STROKE);
        paint.setStrokeWidth(3);

        //-----（1）默认绘制------
        // 绘制圆形
        canvas.drawCircle(40, 40, 30, paint);
        // 绘制正方形
        canvas.drawRect(10, 80, 70, 140, paint);
        // 绘制矩形
        canvas.drawRect(10, 150, 70, 190, paint);
        // 绘制圆角矩形
        RectF rel = new RectF(10, 200, 70, 230);
        canvas.drawRoundRect(rel, 15, 15, paint);
        // 绘制椭圆
        RectF rell = new RectF(10, 240, 70, 270);
        canvas.drawOval(rell, paint);
        // 定义一个Path对象，封闭成一个三角形
        Path path1 = new Path();
        path1.moveTo(10, 340);
        path1.lineTo(70, 340);
        path1.lineTo(40, 290);
        path1.close();
        // 根据Path进行绘制，绘制三角形
        canvas.drawPath(path1, paint);
        // 定义一个Path对象，封闭成一个五角形
        Path path2 = new Path();
        path2.moveTo(26, 360);
        path2.lineTo(54, 360);
        path2.lineTo(70, 392);
        path2.lineTo(40, 420);
        path2.lineTo(10, 392);
        path2.close();
        // 根据Path进行绘制，绘制五角形
        canvas.drawPath(path2, paint);


        //-----（2）填充风格后绘制------
        paint.setStyle(Paint.Style.FILL);
        paint.setColor(Color.RED);
        // 绘制圆形
        canvas.drawCircle(120, 40, 30, paint);
        // 绘制正方形
        canvas.drawRect(90, 80, 150, 140, paint);
        // 绘制矩形
        canvas.drawRect(90, 150, 150, 190, paint);
        // 绘制圆角矩形
        RectF re2 = new RectF(90, 200, 150, 230);
        canvas.drawRoundRect(re2, 15, 15, paint);
        // 绘制椭圆
        RectF re21 = new RectF(90, 240, 150, 270);
        canvas.drawOval(re21, paint);
        // 定义一个Path对象，封闭成一个三角形
        Path path3 = new Path();
        path3.moveTo(90, 340);
        path3.lineTo(150, 340);
        path3.lineTo(120, 290);
        path3.close();
        // 绘制三角形
        canvas.drawPath(path3, paint);
        // 定义一个Path对象，封闭成一个五角形
        Path path4 = new Path();
        path4.moveTo(106, 360);
        path4.lineTo(134, 360);
        path4.lineTo(150, 392);
        path4.lineTo(120, 420);
        path4.lineTo(90, 392);
        path4.close();
        // 绘制五角形
        canvas.drawPath(path4, paint);


        //-----（3）渐变器后绘制------
        Shader mShader = new LinearGradient(0, 0, 40, 60, new int[] {
                Color.RED, Color.GREEN, Color.BLUE, Color.YELLOW }, null,
                Shader.TileMode.REPEAT);
        paint.setShader(mShader);
        // 设置阴影
        //paint.setShadowLayer(45, 10, 10, Color.GRAY);
        // 绘制圆形
        canvas.drawCircle(200, 40, 30, paint);
        // 绘制正方形
        canvas.drawRect(170, 80, 230, 140, paint);
        // 绘制矩形
        canvas.drawRect(170, 150, 230, 190, paint);
        // 绘制圆角矩形
        RectF re3 = new RectF(170, 200, 230, 230);
        canvas.drawRoundRect(re3, 15, 15, paint);
        // 绘制椭圆
        RectF re31 = new RectF(170, 240, 230, 270);
        canvas.drawOval(re31, paint);
        // 定义一个Path对象，封闭成一个三角形
        Path path5 = new Path();
        path5.moveTo(170, 340);
        path5.lineTo(230, 340);
        path5.lineTo(200, 290);
        path5.close();
        // 绘制三角形
        canvas.drawPath(path5, paint);

        // 定义一个Path对象，封闭成一个五角形
        Path path6 = new Path();
        path6.moveTo(186, 360);
        path6.lineTo(214, 360);
        path6.lineTo(230, 392);
        path6.lineTo(200, 420);
        path6.lineTo(170, 392);
        path6.close();
        // 绘制五角形
        canvas.drawPath(path6, paint);


        //------（4）字符大小后绘制-------
        paint.setTextSize(22);
        paint.setShader(null);
        // 绘制7个字符串
        canvas.drawText("圆形", 240, 50, paint);
        canvas.drawText("正方形", 240, 120, paint);
        canvas.drawText("矩形", 240, 175, paint);
        canvas.drawText("圆角矩形", 230, 220, paint);
        canvas.drawText("椭圆", 240, 260, paint);
        canvas.drawText("三角形", 240, 325, paint);
        canvas.drawText("五角形", 240, 390, paint);
    }
}

绘制后的图形：

说明：
canvas.drawRect(left, top, right, bottom, paint);
canvas.drawRect(10, 10, 100, 100, paint);

第一个参数和第二个参数表示矩形左上顶点距离父容器左边和顶边的距离
第三个参数和第四个参数表示矩形右下顶点距离父容器左边和顶边的距离
矩形的宽=right-left
矩形的高=bottom-top

接下来用一张图表示：