本文详细介绍了Linux中的fork()和clone()函数，两者都是用于创建新进程，但clone()更灵活，能创建线程并精确控制资源共享。fork()常用于传统Unix工具和服务器程序，创建完整副本的子进程；而clone()则广泛应用于需要线程或定制资源隔离的场景，如Linux线程库pthread的实现。
后更。。。
fork()函数常用应用场景：
- 一个父进程希望复制自己，使父子进程同时执行不同的代码段。例如，父进程等待客户端请求，生成子进程来处理请求。
- 一个进程要执行一个不同的程序。例如子进程从fork返回后，调用exec函数。
上面👆这篇讲得很好。。。
文章目录
20230816
Linux中的clone()和fork()函数
Linux系统提供了许多用于创建新进程的方法，其中包括clone()和fork()。这两种方法都有其独特的应用场景，理解它们之间的区别是理解Linux多进程编程的关键。
clone()与fork()的定义和区别
fork()函数
fork()是一个经典的UNIX系统调用，用于创建新的进程。新创建的进程被称为子进程，而执行fork()函数的进程被称为父进程。子进程是父进程的复制品，它继承了父进程的代码、数据、堆栈等资源，但是具有自己的进程ID。
以下是fork()的基本用法：
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
pid_t pid = fork();
if (pid == -1) {
// Error occurred
perror("fork");
} else if (pid > 0) {
// This is the parent process
printf("I am the parent, my PID is %d and my child's PID is %d\n", getpid(), pid);
} else {
// This is the child process
printf("I am the child, my PID is %d\n", getpid());
}
return 0;
}
clone()函数
相比于fork()，clone()更加灵活。它不仅可以创建新的进程，还可以创建线程，甚至可以将新创建的进程或线程变成父进程的兄弟进程。clone()的功能由其参数决定，通过合理配置参数，可以模拟出fork()、vfork()等其他系统调用的行为。
下面是一个使用clone()来创建新进程的示例：
#define _GNU_SOURCE
#include <sched.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#define STACK_SIZE (1024 * 1024)
static char child_stack[STACK_SIZE];
static int child_fn() {
printf("PID: %ld\n", (long)getpid());
return 0;
}
int main() {
char *stack_top = child_stack + STACK_SIZE;
pid_t pid = clone(child_fn, stack_top, SIGCHLD, NULL);
if (pid < 0) {
perror("clone");
exit(1);
}
printf("clone() = %ld\n", (long)pid);
waitpid(pid, NULL, 0);
return 0;
}
主要的应用场景
fork()的应用场景
fork()主要用于创建新的进程，它在很多传统的Unix工具和服务器程序中都有广泛应用。例如，Apache HTTP服务器就会在启动时创建多个子进程，每个子进程负责处理一部分客户端请求。
clone()的应用场景
clone()的应用场景通常比fork()更复杂。它主要用于创建新的线程或进程，并且可以精确控制这些线程或进程共享哪些资源。例如，Linux的线程库pthread就是基于clone()实现的。
参考资料
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ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ
ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ ᅟᅠ
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