Linux pthread线程编程手册资源-CSDN下载

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linux多线程

linux线程编程

pthread

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在Linux操作系统中，多线程编程是实现并发执行任务的重要方式。`pthread`库，全称为POSIX线程库，是Linux系统下进行线程管理的标准API，它为开发者提供了丰富的线程操作接口。本文档将详细介绍`pthread`库中的核心概念、功能以及如何在实际编程中使用这些API。一、线程概念线程是操作系统分配处理器时间的基本单元，一个进程可以有多个线程，它们共享同一地址空间，可以并行执行不同的任务。线程间的通信和同步相对进程而言更高效，因为它们无需频繁地进行上下文切换。二、`pthread`库的核心API 1. `pthread_create()`: 创建新线程。该函数接受一个线程标识符指针、线程属性、线程入口函数及参数，成功创建后，新线程会从指定的入口函数开始执行。 2. `pthread_join()`: 等待特定线程结束。主线程或其他线程可以调用此函数来等待某一线程的完成，以便回收资源或获取返回值。 3. `pthread_exit()`: 结束当前线程。线程在完成其工作后，通过调用此函数退出。可以传递一个退出状态码，供`pthread_join()`使用。 4. `pthread_self()`: 获取当前线程ID。在需要区分不同线程时，这个函数非常有用。 5. `pthread_cancel()`: 取消其他线程。此函数可以请求指定线程立即停止执行，但线程可能需要清理工作，所以不保证立即停止。 6. 线程属性(`pthread_attr_t`): `pthread_attr_init()`和`pthread_attr_destroy()`用于初始化和销毁线程属性结构体。可以通过设置属性（如栈大小、调度策略等）来定制线程的行为。三、线程同步与通信为了保证数据的一致性和避免竞态条件，`pthread`库提供了一些同步机制： 1. 互斥锁(`pthread_mutex_t`): `pthread_mutex_init()`和`pthread_mutex_destroy()`用于初始化和销毁互斥锁。`pthread_mutex_lock()`和`pthread_mutex_unlock()`用于锁定和解锁，确保同一时间只有一个线程访问临界区。 2. 条件变量(`pthread_cond_t`): 用于线程间的同步，配合互斥锁使用。`pthread_cond_wait()`使线程等待，`pthread_cond_signal()`和`pthread_cond_broadcast()`则唤醒等待的线程。 3. 读写锁(`pthread_rwlock_t`): 提供了读写权限的控制，允许多个读取者同时访问，但写入者独占。`pthread_rwlock_init()`和`pthread_rwlock_destroy()`初始化和销毁读写锁，`pthread_rwlock_rdlock()`和`pthread_rwlock_wrlock()`进行读写锁定，`pthread_rwlock_unlock()`解锁。 4. 原子操作(`pthread_spinlock_t`): 适用于短生命周期的锁，适用于多核处理器环境。`pthread_spin_init()`和`pthread_spin_destroy()`初始化和销毁自旋锁，`pthread_spin_lock()`和`pthread_spin_unlock()`用于锁定和解锁。四、调度策略与优先级 `pthread`库允许设置线程的调度策略和优先级。`pthread_setschedparam()`可以改变线程的调度策略（如SCHED_FIFO、SCHED_RR或SCHED_OTHER），`pthread_getschedparam()`用来获取当前的策略和优先级。总结，`pthread`库为Linux下的多线程编程提供了全面的接口，通过灵活运用这些API，开发者可以创建、管理、同步和通信线程，实现高效的并发程序设计。了解和掌握`pthread`库，对于提升Linux应用的性能和复杂性处理能力至关重要。

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pthread库文档（134个子文件）

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<html><head><title>Pthreads APIs - User's Guide and Reference</title></head> <body BGCOLOR="FFFFFF"> [Prev] <a href="document.htm" tppabs="http://web.ss.pub.ro/%7Ebogdan/APC/2000/uguide/document.htm">[Contents]</a> <a href="glossary.htm" tppabs="http://web.ss.pub.ro/%7Ebogdan/APC/2000/uguide/glossary.htm">[Next]</a> <hr><br> <a name="77294"> <h1> Table of Contents</h1> </a><ul><li><a href="glossary.htm#82341" tppabs="http://web.ss.pub.ro/%7Ebogdan/APC/2000/uguide/glossary.htm#82341">Important Pthread Definitions</a> <ul> <li><a href="glossary.htm#82763" tppabs="http://web.ss.pub.ro/%7Ebogdan/APC/2000/uguide/glossary.htm#82763">Attribute Object</a> <li><a href="glossary.htm#82773" tppabs="http://web.ss.pub.ro/%7Ebogdan/APC/2000/uguide/glossary.htm#82773">Cancel</a> <li><a href="glossary.htm#82821" tppabs="http://web.ss.pub.ro/%7Ebogdan/APC/2000/uguide/glossary.htm#82821">Cancelation Cleanup Handler</a> <li><a href="glossary.htm#82775" tppabs="http://web.ss.pub.ro/%7Ebogdan/APC/2000/uguide/glossary.htm#82775">Cancelation Point</a> <li><a href="glossary.htm#82936" tppabs="http://web.ss.pub.ro/%7Ebogdan/APC/2000/uguide/glossary.htm#82936">Cancelation State</a> <li><a href="glossary.htm#82777" tppabs="http://web.ss.pub.ro/%7Ebogdan/APC/2000/uguide/glossary.htm#82777">Cancelation Type</a> <li><a href="glossary.htm#82794" tppabs="http://web.ss.pub.ro/%7Ebogdan/APC/2000/uguide/glossary.htm#82794">Condition Variable</a> <li><a href="glossary.htm#82895" tppabs="http://web.ss.pub.ro/%7Ebogdan/APC/2000/uguide/glossary.htm#82895">Detach a thread</a> <li><a href="glossary.htm#82784" tppabs="http://web.ss.pub.ro/%7Ebogdan/APC/2000/uguide/glossary.htm#82784">Exit Status</a> <li><a href="glossary.htm#82960" tppabs="http://web.ss.pub.ro/%7Ebogdan/APC/2000/uguide/glossary.htm#82960">Global Mutex</a> <li><a href="glossary.htm#83029" tppabs="http://web.ss.pub.ro/%7Ebogdan/APC/2000/uguide/glossary.htm#83029">Initial thread</a> <li><a href="glossary.htm#82899" tppabs="http://web.ss.pub.ro/%7Ebogdan/APC/2000/uguide/glossary.htm#82899">Join to a thread</a> <li><a href="glossary.htm#82956" tppabs="http://web.ss.pub.ro/%7Ebogdan/APC/2000/uguide/glossary.htm#82956">Named Mutex</a> <li><a href="glossary.htm#82741" tppabs="http://web.ss.pub.ro/%7Ebogdan/APC/2000/uguide/glossary.htm#82741">Orphaned Mutex</a> <li><a href="glossary.htm#82868" tppabs="http://web.ss.pub.ro/%7Ebogdan/APC/2000/uguide/glossary.htm#82868">Main thread</a> <li><a href="glossary.htm#83044" tppabs="http://web.ss.pub.ro/%7Ebogdan/APC/2000/uguide/glossary.htm#83044">Multi-Thread Capable</a> <li><a href="glossary.htm#82797" tppabs="http://web.ss.pub.ro/%7Ebogdan/APC/2000/uguide/glossary.htm#82797">Multi-Threaded</a> <li><a href="glossary.htm#83125" tppabs="http://web.ss.pub.ro/%7Ebogdan/APC/2000/uguide/glossary.htm#83125">Mutex</a> <li><a href="glossary.htm#82737" tppabs="http://web.ss.pub.ro/%7Ebogdan/APC/2000/uguide/glossary.htm#82737">Posix thread handle</a> <li><a href="glossary.htm#82574" tppabs="http://web.ss.pub.ro/%7Ebogdan/APC/2000/uguide/glossary.htm#82574">Pthread</a> <li><a href="glossary.htm#83020" tppabs="http://web.ss.pub.ro/%7Ebogdan/APC/2000/uguide/glossary.htm#83020">Primary thread</a> <li><a href="glossary.htm#82947" tppabs="http://web.ss.pub.ro/%7Ebogdan/APC/2000/uguide/glossary.htm#82947">Recursive Mutex</a> <li><a href="glossary.htm#82911" tppabs="http://web.ss.pub.ro/%7Ebogdan/APC/2000/uguide/glossary.htm#82911">Scheduling Parameters</a> <li><a href="glossary.htm#82913" tppabs="http://web.ss.pub.ro/%7Ebogdan/APC/2000/uguide/glossary.htm#82913">Scheduling Policy</a> <li><a href="glossary.htm#82926" tppabs="http://web.ss.pub.ro/%7Ebogdan/APC/2000/uguide/glossary.htm#82926">Scope</a> <li><a href="glossary.htm#83046" tppabs="http://web.ss.pub.ro/%7Ebogdan/APC/2000/uguide/glossary.htm#83046">Secondary thread</a> <li><a href="glossary.htm#83163" tppabs="http://web.ss.pub.ro/%7Ebogdan/APC/2000/uguide/glossary.htm#83163">Signal</a> <li><a href="glossary.htm#83188" tppabs="http://web.ss.pub.ro/%7Ebogdan/APC/2000/uguide/glossary.htm#83188">Signal Handler</a> <li><a href="glossary.htm#83191" tppabs="http://web.ss.pub.ro/%7Ebogdan/APC/2000/uguide/glossary.htm#83191">Signal Safe</a> <li><a href="glossary.htm#83167" tppabs="http://web.ss.pub.ro/%7Ebogdan/APC/2000/uguide/glossary.htm#83167">Signal Unsafe</a> <li><a href="glossary.htm#82715" tppabs="http://web.ss.pub.ro/%7Ebogdan/APC/2000/uguide/glossary.htm#82715">Thread</a> <li><a href="glossary.htm#82788" tppabs="http://web.ss.pub.ro/%7Ebogdan/APC/2000/uguide/glossary.htm#82788">Thread Capable</a> <li><a href="glossary.htm#82815" tppabs="http://web.ss.pub.ro/%7Ebogdan/APC/2000/uguide/glossary.htm#82815">Thread ID</a> <li><a href="glossary.htm#82839" tppabs="http://web.ss.pub.ro/%7Ebogdan/APC/2000/uguide/glossary.htm#82839">Thread Local Storage (TLS)</a> <li><a href="glossary.htm#82768" tppabs="http://web.ss.pub.ro/%7Ebogdan/APC/2000/uguide/glossary.htm#82768">ThreadSafe</a> <li><a href="glossary.htm#82803" tppabs="http://web.ss.pub.ro/%7Ebogdan/APC/2000/uguide/glossary.htm#82803">Thread Specific Storage</a> <li><a href="glossary.htm#82964" tppabs="http://web.ss.pub.ro/%7Ebogdan/APC/2000/uguide/glossary.htm#82964">Thread Unsafe</a> </ul> <li><a href="concepts.htm#294422" tppabs="http://web.ss.pub.ro/%7Ebogdan/APC/2000/uguide/concepts.htm#294422">PThread programming introduction</a> <ul> <li><a href="concept1.htm#293731" tppabs="http://web.ss.pub.ro/%7Ebogdan/APC/2000/uguide/concept1.htm#293731">Writing and compiling threaded programs</a> <ul> <li><a href="concept1.htm#293716" tppabs="http://web.ss.pub.ro/%7Ebogdan/APC/2000/uguide/concept1.htm#293716">Header files for Pthread functions</a> </ul> <li><a href="concept1.htm#293735" tppabs="http://web.ss.pub.ro/%7Ebogdan/APC/2000/uguide/concept1.htm#293735">Running threaded programs</a> <li><a href="concept2.htm#290934" tppabs="http://web.ss.pub.ro/%7Ebogdan/APC/2000/uguide/concept2.htm#290934">Information about the example programs</a> <li><a href="concept3.htm#294222" tppabs="http://web.ss.pub.ro/%7Ebogdan/APC/2000/uguide/concept3.htm#294222">Common Pthread user errors</a> <ul> <li><a href="concept3.htm#294223" tppabs="http://web.ss.pub.ro/%7Ebogdan/APC/2000/uguide/concept3.htm#294223">Can't find header files pthread.h or qp0ztype.h or qp0zptha.h</a> <li><a href="concept4.htm#294240" tppabs="http://web.ss.pub.ro/%7Ebogdan/APC/2000/uguide/concept4.htm#294240">Thread creation (pthread_create()) fails with EBUSY or 3029</a> <li><a href="concept5.htm#294215" tppabs="http://web.ss.pub.ro/%7Ebogdan/APC/2000/uguide/concept5.htm#294215">Mixing thread models or API sets</a> <li><a href="concept6.htm#285893" tppabs="http://web.ss.pub.ro/%7Ebogdan/APC/2000/uguide/concept6.htm#285893">Reserved fields must be binary zero</a> <li><a href="concept7.htm#285905" tppabs="http://web.ss.pub.ro/%7Ebogdan/APC/2000/uguide/concept7.htm#285905">Powerful OS/400 cleanup mechanisms allow application deadlock (cancel_handler and C++ automatic destructors)</a> <li><a href="concept8.htm#294023" tppabs="http://web.ss.pub.ro/%7Ebogdan/APC/2000/uguide/concept8.htm#294023">Thread creation using C++ methods as target doesn't work</a> <li><a href="concept9.htm#294456" tppabs="http://web.ss.pub.ro/%7Ebogdan/APC/2000/uguide/concept9.htm#294456">MCH3402 from pointer returned by pthread_join()</a> </ul> <li><a href="concep10.htm#293063" tppabs="http://web.ss.pub.ro/%7Ebogdan/APC/2000/uguide/concep10.htm#293063">Differences from the Posix standard, the Single UNIX Specification or other threads implementations</a> <ul> <li><a href="concep10.htm#291917" tppabs="http://web.ss.pub.ro/%7Ebogdan/APC/2000/uguide/concep10.htm#291917">All thread definitions found in pthread.h</a> <li><a href="concep11.htm#291919" tppabs="http://web.ss.pub.ro/%7Ebogdan/APC/2000/uguide/concep11.htm#291919">Unsupported preprocessor and feature test macros</a> <li><a href="concep12.htm#291928" tppab

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