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S3C2440Adatasheet


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《S3C2440A:32位CMOS微控制器详解》
一、引言
S3C2440A是一款由三星电子设计并制造的高性能32位微控制器,基于ARM920T内核。该器件集成了一系列丰富的外设,包括LCD控制器、USB主机/设备、I²C、SPI、UART、ADC、PWM等,旨在为嵌入式系统设计提供强大的处理能力和多功能性。本篇将深入解析S3C2440A的特性、架构以及应用领域,帮助读者全面理解这款微控制器的核心价值。
二、S3C2440A核心特性
1. **高性能ARM920T内核**:运行频率可达400MHz,采用哈佛体系结构,支持高速数据处理。
2. **内存接口**:具备多种内存接口,包括SDRAM、NAND Flash、Nor Flash等,支持最大512MB的外部存储器扩展。
3. **LCD控制器**:内置支持TFT LCD的控制器,可驱动最大分辨率高达800x600像素的显示器。
4. **USB接口**:集成了两个USB端口,支持USB主机模式和设备模式,便于连接各种USB设备或构建USB主机系统。
5. **多通道I/O接口**:包括多个UART、I²C、SPI接口,以及GPIO(通用输入输出)端口,适用于多种通信协议。
6. **模拟外设**:内置10位ADC(模数转换器)、PWM(脉宽调制)模块,满足工业控制和传感器应用需求。
7. **电源管理**:支持低功耗模式,包括睡眠模式和关机模式,以适应电池供电的便携式设备。
8. **安全与保护**:具有看门狗定时器、电源监测电路,确保系统的稳定运行。
三、S3C2440A的应用场景
S3C2440A因其强大的处理能力、丰富的外设接口以及良好的电源管理特性,在多个领域有着广泛的应用:
1. **工业自动化**:如PLC(可编程逻辑控制器)、人机界面(HMI)、数据采集系统等。
2. **消费电子**:如多媒体播放器、电子书阅读器、GPS导航系统等。
3. **医疗设备**:如心电图仪、血糖检测仪等,得益于其低功耗特性和丰富的接口资源。
4. **安防监控**:如网络摄像头、视频监控系统,利用其强大的图像处理能力和网络连接功能。
5. **物联网(IoT)终端**:如智能家庭设备、环境监测设备,利用其低功耗、高集成度和网络通信能力。
四、S3C2440A的设计与开发
在设计基于S3C2440A的系统时,开发者需要注意以下几点:
1. **电源管理**:合理规划电源电路,确保在不同工作模式下微控制器能够稳定运行,同时实现最低功耗。
2. **硬件布局**:考虑到高速信号的传输特性,需采用合适的PCB布线策略,减少信号干扰和反射。
3. **软件开发**:利用官方提供的SDK(软件开发工具包)和参考代码,加速应用程序的开发过程。
4. **外设配置**:根据实际应用需求,合理配置外设参数,以发挥其最大效能。
5. **测试与验证**:在系统设计完成后,进行充分的功能测试和性能验证,确保系统稳定可靠。
S3C2440A作为一款高性能的32位微控制器,凭借其出色的处理性能、丰富的外设资源和优秀的电源管理特性,在众多领域展现出了卓越的应用潜力。对于嵌入式系统开发者而言,掌握S3C2440A的特性和应用技巧,无疑是提高产品竞争力的关键所在。

S3C2440A
32-BIT CMOS
MICROCONTROLLER
USER'S MANUAL
Revision 1

Important Notice
The information in this publication has been carefully
checked and is believed to be entirely accurate at the
time of publication. Samsung assumes no
responsibility, however, for possible errors or
omissions, or for any consequences resulting from
the use of the information contained herein.
Samsung reserves the right to make changes in its
products or product specifications with the intent to
improve function or design at any time and without
notice and is not required to update this
documentation to reflect such changes.
This publication does not convey to a purchaser of
semiconductor devices described herein any license
under the patent rights of Samsung or others.
Samsung makes no warranty, representation, or
guarantee regarding the suitability of its products for
any particular purpose, nor does Samsung assume
any liability arising out of the application or use of any
product or circuit and specifically disclaims any and
all liability, including without limitation any
consequential or incidental damages.
"Typical" parameters can and do vary in different
applications. All operating parameters, including
"Typicals" must be validated for each customer
application by the customer's technical experts.
Samsung products are not designed, intended, or
authorized for use as components in systems
intended for surgical implant into the body, for other
applications intended to support or sustain life, or for
any other application in which the failure of the
Samsung product could create a situation where
personal injury or death may occur.
Should the Buyer purchase or use a Samsung
product for any such unintended or unauthorized
application, the Buyer shall indemnify and hold
Samsung and its officers, employees, subsidiaries,
affiliates, and distributors harmless against all claims,
costs, damages, expenses, and reasonable attorney
fees arising out of, either directly or indirectly, any
claim of personal injury or death that may be
associated with such unintended or unauthorized use,
even if such claim alleges that Samsung was
negligent regarding the design or manufacture of said
product.
S3C2440A 32-Bit CMOS Microcontroller
User's Manual, Revision 1
Publication Number: 21-S3-C2440A-072004
© 2004 Samsung Electronics
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any
form or by any means, electric or mechanical, by photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written
consent of Samsung Electronics.
Samsung Electronics' microcontroller business has been awarded full ISO-14001
certification (BVQ1 Certificate No. 9330). All semiconductor products are designed and
manufactured in accordance with the highest quality standards and objectives.
Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.
San #24 Nongseo-Ri, Giheung- Eup
Yongin-City, Gyeonggi-Do, Korea
C.P.O. Box #37, Suwon 449-900
TEL: (82)-(031)-209-1490
FAX: (82) (331) 209-1909
Home-Page URL: Http://www.samsungsemi.com/
Printed in the Republic of Korea

S3C2440A MICROCONTROLLER iii
Table of Contents
Chapter 1 Product Overview
Introduction.........................................................................................................................................1-1
Features .............................................................................................................................................1-2
Block Diagram ....................................................................................................................................1-5
Pin Assignments.................................................................................................................................1-6
Signal Descriptions..............................................................................................................................1-20
S3C2440A Special Registers................................................................................................................1-26
Chapter 2 Programmer's Model
Overview .............................................................................................................................................2-1
Processor Operating States .........................................................................................................2-1
Switching State...........................................................................................................................2-1
Memory Formats.........................................................................................................................2-1
Big-Endian Format.......................................................................................................................2-2
Little-Endian Format ....................................................................................................................2-2
Instruction Length........................................................................................................................2-2
Operating Modes .........................................................................................................................2-3
Registers ....................................................................................................................................2-3
The Program Status Registers ......................................................................................................2-7
Exceptions .................................................................................................................................2-10
Interrupt Latencies .......................................................................................................................2-15
Reset .........................................................................................................................................2-15

iv S3C2440A MICROCONTROLLER
Table of Contents (Continued)
Chapter 3 ARM Instruction Set
Instruction Set Summay.......................................................................................................................3-1
Format Summary ........................................................................................................................3-1
Instruction Summary....................................................................................................................3-2
The Condition Field..............................................................................................................................3-4
Branch and Exchange (Bx)...................................................................................................................3-5
Instruction Cycle Times................................................................................................................3-5
Assembler Syntax .......................................................................................................................3-5
Using R15 as an Operand ............................................................................................................3-5
Branch and Branch with Link (B, Bl)......................................................................................................3-7
The Link Bit ................................................................................................................................3-7
Instruction Cycle Times................................................................................................................3-7
Assembler Syntax .......................................................................................................................3-8
Data Processing..................................................................................................................................3-9
Cpsr Flags ..................................................................................................................................3-11
Shifts .........................................................................................................................................3-12
Immediate Operand Rotates .........................................................................................................3-16
Writing to R15.............................................................................................................................3-16
Using R15 as an Operandy...........................................................................................................3-16
TEQ, TST, Cmp and Cmn Opcodes...............................................................................................3-16
Instruction Cycle Times................................................................................................................3-16
Assembler Syntax .......................................................................................................................3-17
Examples ...................................................................................................................................3-17
Psr Transfer (MRS, MSR).....................................................................................................................3-18
Operand Restrictions ...................................................................................................................3-18
Reserved Bits..............................................................................................................................3-20
Examples ...................................................................................................................................3-20
Instruction Cycle Times................................................................................................................3-20
Assembly Syntax ........................................................................................................................3-21
Examples ...................................................................................................................................3-21
Multiply And Multiply-Accumulate (MUL, MLA).......................................................................................3-22
Cpsr Flags ..................................................................................................................................3-24
Instruction Cycle Times................................................................................................................3-24
Assembler Syntax .......................................................................................................................3-24
Examples ...................................................................................................................................3-24
Multiply Long And Multiply-Accumulate Long (MULL, MLAL) ...................................................................3-25
Operand Restrictions ...................................................................................................................3-26
Cpsr Flags ..................................................................................................................................3-26
Instruction Cycle Times................................................................................................................3-26
Assembler Syntax .......................................................................................................................3-27
Examples ...................................................................................................................................3-27

S3C2440A MICROCONTROLLER v
Table of Contents (Continued)
Chapter 3 ARM Instruction Set (Continued)
Single Data Transfer (LDR, STR)...........................................................................................................3-28
Offsets and Auto-Indexing ............................................................................................................3-29
Shifted Register Offset .................................................................................................................3-29
Bytes and Words ........................................................................................................................3-29
Use of R15..................................................................................................................................3-31
Example.....................................................................................................................................3-31
Data Aborts ................................................................................................................................3-31
Instruction Cycle Times................................................................................................................3-31
Assembler Syntax .......................................................................................................................3-32
Examples ...................................................................................................................................3-33
Halfword and Signed Data Transfer (LDRH/STRH/LDRSB/LDRSH) ...........................................................3-34
Offsets and Auto-Indexing ............................................................................................................3-35
Halfword Load and Stores.............................................................................................................3-36
Use of R15..................................................................................................................................3-37
Data Aborts ................................................................................................................................3-37
Instruction Cycle Times................................................................................................................3-37
Assembler Syntax .......................................................................................................................3-38
Examples ...................................................................................................................................3-39
Block Data Transfer (LDM, STM)...........................................................................................................3-40
The Register List .........................................................................................................................3-40
Addressing Modes.......................................................................................................................3-41
Address Alignment ......................................................................................................................3-41
Use of the S Bit...........................................................................................................................3-43
Use of R15 as The Base ..............................................................................................................3-43
Inclusion of the Base in the Register List .......................................................................................3-44
Data Aborts ................................................................................................................................3-44
Instruction Cycle Times................................................................................................................3-44
Assembler Syntax .......................................................................................................................3-45
Examples ...................................................................................................................................3-46
Single Data Swap (SWP).....................................................................................................................3-47
Bytes and Words ........................................................................................................................3-47
Use of R15..................................................................................................................................3-48
Data Aborts ................................................................................................................................3-48
Instruction Cycle Times................................................................................................................3-48
Assembler Syntax .......................................................................................................................3-48
Software Interrupt (SWI) .......................................................................................................................3-49
Return from the Supervisor ...........................................................................................................3-49
Comment Field............................................................................................................................3-49
Instruction Cycle Times................................................................................................................3-49
Assembler Syntax .......................................................................................................................3-50
Coprocessor Data Operations (CDP).....................................................................................................3-51
Coprocessor Instructions..............................................................................................................3-51
Instruction Cycle Times................................................................................................................3-52
Examples ...................................................................................................................................3-52
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