
Renaissance Period
文艺复兴
定义:marks a transition from the medieval to the modern wold 标志着中世纪到现代社会的
过渡时期
时间: it refers to the period between the 14th and mid-17th centuries.
起源:it started in Italy, with the flowering of painting, sculpture and
literature.
由一系列历史事件推动的
① the rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek culture
② the new discoveries in geography and
astrology
③ the religious reformation
④ the economic expansion
本质 in essence, is a historical
period in which the European
humanist thinkers and scholars
made attempts to
① get rid of those old feudalist ideas in medieval
Europe
② introduce new ideas that expressed the interests of the
rising bourgeoisie
③ recover the purity of the early church from the
corruption of the Roman Catholic Church
发展进展
到达英国缓慢,原因
not only because of England's separation from the Continent
but also because of its domestic
unrest
began to show its effect in England---->the reign of Henry VIII (1509 - 1547) 亨利八世
统治期间 基于圣经 Bible 的教育revitalized
黄金时代 ----> 出现Shakespeare, Spenser, Jonson, Sidney, Marlowe, Bacon and Donne
等文学巨匠
英国文艺复兴had not sharp break with the past. 14/15世纪特点的的态度和情感persisted well
down into the era of Humanism and Reformation.
繁盛时期 ---> classical culture and the Italian humanistic ideas的涌入,文艺复兴began
flourishing. 贡献者:William Caxton, the first person who introduced printing into
England.
人文主义
Humanism 是文艺复兴的essence
Greek and Roman civilization was based on such a conception that man is the
measure of all things. 古希腊罗马文明的基础是以'人'为中心,人是万物之灵
by emphasizing the dignity of human beings and the importance of the present life,
they voiced their beliefs that man did not only have the right to enjoy the beauty of this
life, but had the ability to perfect himself and to perform wonders.通过强调人类的尊严和
现世生活的重要性,.......不仅有权利享受美丽生活,而且有能力完善自我,创造奇迹
英国人文主义者代表---->Thomas More, Christopher Marlowe , William Shakespeare
初期是one of imitation and assimilation 模仿和同化的阶段
Petrarch 被认为是文学的fountainhead
Surrey brought in blank verse 无韵诗;Wyatt introduced the Petrarchan sonnet 十四行诗
Marlowe 将blank verse运用到他的 mighty lines中
早期, poetry and poetic drama 是杰出的艺术形式, 尤其是shakespeare and Ben Jonson
the Elizabethan drama 是文艺复兴的主流 mainstream
文艺复兴最著名的dramatists --->Christopher Marlowe, William Shakespeare, Ben Jonson
Francis Bacon 弗朗西斯-培根
the first important English essayist 最重要的散文家
the founder of modern science in England 现代科学的奠基
人
his writings paved the way for the use of scientific method
是文艺复兴的代表人物,但不是人文
主义者
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