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Microservice API Gateway Patterns

microservice

gateway

java

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API Gateway Patterns for microservice. describe the API gateway pattern. I discuss its bene ts and drawbacks. I also describe various design issues that you must address when developing an API gateway

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10/9/2018 The API Gateway Pattern | Manning

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

From Microservices Patterns by Chris Richardson

In this article, I describe the API gateway pattern. I

discuss its benets and drawbacks. I also describe

various design issues that you must address when

developing an API gateway.

Save 37% on

Microservice Patterns

. Just enter code fccrichardson into the discount

code box at checkout at manning.com.

As you may know, there are numerous drawbacks with services accessing services

directly. It’s often impractical for a client to perform API composition over the

Internet. The lack of encapsulation makes it difcult for developers to change

service decomposition and APIs. Services sometimes use communication protocols

that aren’t suitable outside of the rewall. Consequently, a much better approach is

to use what’s known as an API gateway.



Pattern: API gateway

The API Gateway Pattern

10/9/2018 The API Gateway Pattern | Manning

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Implement a service which is the entry point into the microservices-based

application from external API clients. See:

http://microservices.io/patterns/apigateway.html.



An API gateway is a service which is the entry point into the application from the

outside world. It’s responsible for request routing, API composition, and other

functions, such as authentication. Let’s take a look at the API gateway pattern.

Overview of the API gateway pattern

The drawbacks of clients making multiple requests in order to display information

to the user are well known (I describe them in my book!). A much better approach is

for a client to make a single request to what’s known as an API gateway. An API

gateway is a service which is the single entry-point for API requests into an

application from outside the rewall. It’s similar to the Facade pattern from object-

oriented design. Like a facade, an API gateway encapsulates the application’s

internal architecture and provides an API to its clients. It might also have other

responsibilities, such authentication, monitoring, and rate limiting. Figure 1 shows

the relationship between the clients, the API gateway, and the services.

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Figure 1. The API gateway is the single entry-point into the application for API calls

from outside the rewall

The API gateway is responsible for request routing, API composition, and protocol

translation. All API requests from external clients rst go to the API gateway. The

API gateway routes some requests to the appropriate service. The gateway handles

other requests using the API Composition pattern and invoking multiple services

and aggregating the results. It might also translate between client-friendly

protocols such as HTTP and WebSockets and client-unfriendly protocols which are

used by the services.

Request routing

One of the key functions of an API gateway is request routing. An API gateway

implements some API operations by routing requests to the corresponding service.

When it receives a request, the API gateway consults a routing map that species

which service to route the request to. A routing map might, for example, map an

HTTP method and path to the HTTP URL of a service. This function is identical to

the reverse proxying features provided by web servers such as NGINX.

API Composition

An API gateway typically does more than reverse proxying. It might also implement

some API operations using API composition. In my book, I use an example

application called FTGO to teach how to move from monolithic architecture to

microservices. The FTGO API gateway, for example, implements the Get Order

Details API operation using API composition. As gure 2 shows, the mobile

application makes one request to the API gateway, which fetches the order details

from multiple services.

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