Abstract
Abstract：In the current era of the surging digital wave, blockchain and smart
contract technologies, with their unique innovative concepts and transformative
application potential, have become the common focus of the global academic and
industrial communities. This paper conducts in - depth and comprehensive research,
systematically analyzing the underlying architecture and core algorithms of
blockchain technology, as well as the operating mechanisms and programming
paradigms of smart contract technology.
Through multi - dimensional exploration and research, a new system architecture
is innovatively proposed. This architecture fully integrates the distributed ledger
characteristics of blockchain and the automated execution advantages of smart
contracts, and elaborately designs a unique data storage mode, an efficient consensus
algorithm, and a secure and reliable smart contract execution environment. In terms of
data storage, an optimized Merkle tree structure is adopted, which greatly improves
the efficiency of data integrity verification. The consensus algorithm selects the
improved Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance (PBFT) algorithm, which significantly
shortens the time required to reach a consensus while ensuring system consistency.
A comprehensive and multi - perspective performance evaluation is carried out
for the proposed new system architecture. From the security dimension, by simulating
various complex attack scenarios, including but not limited to double - spending
attacks and Sybil attacks, the defense capabilities of the system are rigorously tested.
The results show that, with its perfect encryption mechanism and robust consensus
algorithm, the system can effectively resist various malicious attacks and ensure the
security of data and the non - tamperability of transactions. In terms of scalability,
large - scale cluster simulation technology is used to monitor the performance of the
system under different load conditions. Experimental data shows that as the number
of nodes increases, the system can still maintain a stable throughput and a low latency,
demonstrating excellent scalability. At the efficiency level, through the accurate
measurement of indicators such as smart contract execution time and resource
