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SMS (Surfacewater Modeling System) 是地表面水系统环境仿真软件，是具备一维、二维和三维的全功能水力建模环境；是地表水建模和设计的前处理和后处理器，SMS 包含2D有限元素、2D有限微分、3D有限元素和1D的逆流水建模工具。 ### 地表水模拟软件SMS教程指南 #### 一、简介与概述 **SMS (Surfacewater Modeling System)** 是一款先进的地表水环境仿真软件，它为用户提供了一个全面且功能强大的水力建模环境。该软件支持一维、二维以及三维模型的建立与分析，能够帮助用户进行地表水建模和设计工作。它包含了多种建模工具，如2D有限元、2D有限差分、3D有限元和1D逆流等。 #### 二、软件结构与功能模块 ##### 2.1 SMS 功能模块介绍 - **2D有限元模型**: 适用于解决平面内的水动力学问题，可以模拟水流的速度场和压力场。 - **2D有限差分模型**: 更侧重于计算速度和效率，在处理复杂边界条件时表现出色。 - **3D有限元模型**: 提供了更为精确的空间三维模拟能力，适合用于需要考虑空间变化的情况。 - **1D逆流模型**: 主要用于模拟河流或渠道中的水流状况。 ##### 2.2 工作模式 - **演示模式**：主要用于展示软件的基本操作和功能。 - **工作模式**：在此模式下，用户可以进行完整的项目开发流程，包括模型构建、参数设置、结果分析等。 #### 三、核心操作流程详解 ##### 3.1 使用背景图像在进行建模之前，可以导入地图或其他背景图像作为参考，帮助更准确地定义地理特征。 ##### 3.2 创建特征对象特征对象包括河岸线、建筑物、地形特征等，它们对于建立准确的模型至关重要。通过这些对象，可以更加精确地表示实际地形情况。 ##### 3.3 定义多边形多边形被用来表示特定区域的属性，例如不同材质的分布或者不同区域的水文参数。通过定义这些多边形，可以更细致地控制模型中的变量。 ##### 3.4 设置网格参数网格的划分直接影响到计算精度和效率。合理的网格密度和形状可以显著提高模型的准确性。例如，可以设置局部加密来增强对某些关键区域的细节捕捉。 ##### 3.5 施加边界条件边界条件对于模型的正确性至关重要。这包括水位、流量等初始条件以及时间依赖条件。合理设置这些条件可以确保模拟结果与实际情况相符。 ##### 3.6 分配材料属性不同材料（如土壤类型、岩石等）具有不同的渗透性和导热性等特性。通过分配材料属性，可以使模型更加接近真实世界。 ##### 3.7 转换特征对象为网格将特征对象转换成网格是模型构建的关键步骤之一。通过这一过程，可以将复杂的几何结构转化为数值模型可以处理的形式。 ##### 3.8 编辑生成的网格编辑网格涉及到调整节点位置、修改单元形状等操作，目的是进一步优化模型以提高计算效率并保证结果的准确性。 ##### 3.9 插值至网格插值技术用于将非网格数据映射到网格上，这对于整合外部数据源非常重要。常用的插值方法包括最近邻插值、反距离权重插值等。 ##### 3.10 重编号网格为了提高计算效率，有时需要对网格进行重新编号。这通常涉及到优化节点顺序以减少数据访问的时间开销。 ##### 3.11 保存项目文件完成模型构建后，需要将所有数据和设置保存为项目文件，以便后续继续工作或共享给其他人。 #### 四、网格编辑高级技巧 ##### 4.1 导入地形数据在开始模型构建之前，首先要导入地形数据。这些数据通常来自于数字高程模型(DEM)或卫星图像，并且需要经过预处理才能导入软件中。 ##### 4.2 节点三角化节点三角化是将离散点云转化为三角形网格的过程。这一步骤对于构建连续的地形表面至关重要。 ##### 4.3 删除外侧单元在构建模型时，可能会出现一些不需要的外侧单元，这些单元需要被删除以避免对计算造成干扰。 ##### 4.4 删除薄三角形在某些情况下，由于地形复杂度高或数据不足，会产生非常细长或薄的三角形。这些单元不仅无法提供有用信息还可能影响计算稳定性。 ##### 4.5 合并三角形当相邻三角形之间差异较小但又不足以形成新的网格单元时，可以通过合并来简化模型结构。 ##### 4.6 个别元素编辑对于那些需要特殊处理的区域，可以手动编辑特定网格元素的形状和位置，以确保模型在这些关键部位的准确性。 ##### 4.7 平滑边界平滑边界是为了去除网格中的尖锐角度或不规则形状，使整体结构更加流畅和自然。 ##### 4.8 重新编号网格重新编号网格可以优化数据存储方式，减少内存占用并提高计算速度。 ##### 4.9 修改轮廓选项通过调整轮廓选项，可以控制模型的外观和细节程度。这对于可视化和解释结果非常重要。 ##### 4.10 检查网格质量在完成模型构建之后，需要检查网格的质量以确保其满足计算要求。常见的质量指标包括单元形状、大小分布等。 ##### 4.11 细化单元细化单元意味着增加局部区域的网格密度。这种方法常用于提高对关键区域的细节捕捉能力。 ##### 4.12 完成网格完成网格意味着所有的编辑和优化工作都已完成，现在可以准备进行模拟计算。 ##### 4.13 保存网格保存网格是将最终版本的网格数据导出到文件中，以便后续使用或与其他软件进行交换。 #### 五、基本的RMA2分析 ##### 5.1 RMA2模型简介 RMA2是一种基于有限差分法的水动力学模型，广泛应用于河流和湖泊的水动力学模拟。 ##### 5.2 定义材料属性在RMA2模型中，需要定义材料属性，如底泥类型、粗糙系数等，以反映不同区域的水力特性。 ##### 5.3 检查模型在运行模拟之前，应仔细检查模型设置是否正确无误，包括网格质量、边界条件等。 ##### 5.4 保存模拟结果完成模拟后，需要将结果保存下来，包括水位、流速等数据，以便进行进一步分析和验证。 #### 六、结论 **SMS (Surfacewater Modeling System)** 是一款功能强大且灵活的地表水建模工具。通过本文档提供的教程和指导，用户可以深入了解如何使用该软件进行各种类型的地表水模拟任务。无论是对于科研人员还是工程实践者来说，掌握这些技能都将极大提升他们在地表水研究和管理方面的能力。

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TUTORIALS

Version 8.1

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................... 1-1

1.1 SMS HELP.............................................................................................................................................. 1-2

1.2 SUGGESTED ORDER OF COMPLETION ..................................................................................................... 1-2

1.3 MODULES............................................................................................................................................... 1-3

1.4 DEMO VS. WORKING MODES................................................................................................................. 1-3

2 OVERVIEW............................................................................................................................................. 2-1

2.1 INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................................................... 2-1

2.2 GETTING STARTED................................................................................................................................. 2-1

2.3 THE SMS SCREEN .................................................................................................................................. 2-2

2.4 USING A BACKGROUND IMAGE .............................................................................................................. 2-4

2.5 USING FEATURE OBJECTS ...................................................................................................................... 2-4

2.6 CREATING FEATURE ARCS ..................................................................................................................... 2-5

2.7 MANIPULATING COVERAGES ................................................................................................................. 2-7

2.8 REDISTRIBUTING VERTICES.................................................................................................................... 2-8

2.9 DEFINING POLYGONS ............................................................................................................................. 2-9

2.10 ASSIGNING MESHING PARAMETERS....................................................................................................... 2-9

2.11 APPLYING BOUNDARY CONDITIONS..................................................................................................... 2-12

2.12 ASSIGNING MATERIALS TO POLYGONS ................................................................................................ 2-14

2.13 CONVERTING FEATURE OBJECTS TO A MESH....................................................................................... 2-16

2.14 EDITING THE GENERATED MESH.......................................................................................................... 2-17

2.15 INTERPOLATING TO THE MESH............................................................................................................. 2-17

2.16 RENUMBERING THE MESH.................................................................................................................... 2-18

2.17 SAVING A PROJECT FILE....................................................................................................................... 2-19

2.18 CONCLUSION........................................................................................................................................ 2-19

3 MESH EDITING ..................................................................................................................................... 3-1

3.1 IMPORTING TOPOGRAPHIC DATA ........................................................................................................... 3-1

3.2 TRIANGULATING THE NODES ................................................................................................................. 3-2

3.3 DELETING OUTER ELEMENTS................................................................................................................. 3-3

3.4 DELETING THIN TRIANGLES................................................................................................................... 3-4

3.5 MERGING TRIANGLES ............................................................................................................................ 3-5

3.6 EDITING INDIVIDUAL ELEMENTS............................................................................................................ 3-6

3.7 SMOOTHING THE BOUNDARY ................................................................................................................. 3-9

3.8 RENUMBERING THE MESH.................................................................................................................... 3-11

3.9 CHANGING THE CONTOUR OPTIONS..................................................................................................... 3-12

3.10 CHECKING THE MESH QUALITY ........................................................................................................... 3-13

3.11 REFINING ELEMENTS............................................................................................................................ 3-16

3.12 FINISHING THE MESH ........................................................................................................................... 3-19

3.13 SAVING THE MESH ............................................................................................................................... 3-19

3.14 CONCLUSION........................................................................................................................................ 3-19

4 BASIC RMA2 ANALYSIS...................................................................................................................... 4-1

4.1 INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................................................... 4-1

4.2 DEFINING MATERIAL PROPERTIES ......................................................................................................... 4-2

4.3 CHECKING THE MODEL.......................................................................................................................... 4-3

4.4 SAVING THE SIMULATION ...................................................................................................................... 4-3

4.5 USING GFGEN AND RMA2................................................................................................................... 4-3

4.7 CONCLUSION.......................................................................................................................................... 4-4

5 BASIC FESWMS ANALYSIS................................................................................................................ 5-1

5.1 INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................................................... 5-1

5.2 CONVERTING ELEMENTS........................................................................................................................ 5-2

5.3 DEFINING MATERIAL PROPERTIES ......................................................................................................... 5-2

5.4 SETTING MODEL CONTROLS .................................................................................................................. 5-3

5.5 MODEL CHECK....................................................................................................................................... 5-4

5.6 SAVING THE SIMULATION ...................................................................................................................... 5-4

5.7 USING FLO2DH..................................................................................................................................... 5-5

5.8 CONCLUSION.......................................................................................................................................... 5-6

6 2D POST PROCESSING ........................................................................................................................ 6-1

6.1 INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................................................... 6-1

6.2 DATA SETS............................................................................................................................................. 6-1

6.3 OPEN THE GEOMETRY AND SOLUTION FILES.......................................................................................... 6-1

6.4 CREATING NEW DATA SETS WITH THE DATA CALCULATOR................................................................. 6-2

6.5 CONTOURS ............................................................................................................................................. 6-3

6.5 VECTORS................................................................................................................................................ 6-4

6.5 CREATING ANIMATIONS......................................................................................................................... 6-6

6.7 2D PLOTS ............................................................................................................................................. 6-11

6.8 CONCLUSION........................................................................................................................................ 6-11

7 ADVANCED RMA2 ANALYSIS........................................................................................................... 7-1

7.1 INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................................................... 7-1

7.2 SPECIFYING MODEL UNITS..................................................................................................................... 7-2

7.3 DEFINING MODEL PARAMETERS............................................................................................................. 7-2

7.4 DEFINING BOUNDARY CONDITIONS ....................................................................................................... 7-3

7.5 DEFINING MATERIAL PROPERTIES ......................................................................................................... 7-5

7.6 RUNNING THE MODEL CHECKER ........................................................................................................... 7-7

7.7 SAVING THE SIMULATION ...................................................................................................................... 7-8

7.8 RUNNING RMA2.................................................................................................................................... 7-8

7.9 USING RMA2 REVISIONS....................................................................................................................... 7-9

7.10 CONCLUSION........................................................................................................................................ 7-11

8 ADVANCED FESWMS ANALYSIS ..................................................................................................... 8-1

8.1 INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................................................... 8-1

8.2 DEFINING MATERIAL PROPERTIES ......................................................................................................... 8-2

8.3 CREATING THE HOTSTART FILE............................................................................................................. 8-2

8.4 REWORKING THE SOLUTIO..................................................................................................................... 8-7

8.5 CONCLUSION.......................................................................................................................................... 8-9

9 SED2D-WES ANALYSIS ....................................................................................................................... 9-1

9.1 TABS DATA FLOW ................................................................................................................................ 9-1

9.2 RMA2 COLDSTART SIMULATION........................................................................................................... 9-3

9.3 RMA2 RATING CURVE SIMULATION ..................................................................................................... 9-6

9.4 INITIAL SED2D-WES SIMULATION ....................................................................................................... 9-8

9.5 RMA2/SED2D HYDROGRAPH ANALYSIS............................................................................................ 9-10

9.6 CONCLUSION........................................................................................................................................ 9-12

10 RMA4 ANALYSIS................................................................................................................................. 10-1

10.1 INTRODUCTION..................................................................................................................................... 10-1

10.2 CASE 1 ................................................................................................................................................. 10-1

10.3 CASE 2 ................................................................................................................................................. 10-6

10.4 CASE 3 ................................................................................................................................................. 10-8

10.5 OTHER CHANGES ............................................................................................................................... 10-10

10.6 CONCLUSION...................................................................................................................................... 10-10

11 HIVEL ANALYSIS........................................................................................................................... 11-1

11.1 INTRODUCTION..................................................................................................................................... 11-1

11.2 CREATING MATERIALS......................................................................................................................... 11-2

11.3 CREATING NODESTRINGS..................................................................................................................... 11-2

11.4 DEFINING BOUNDARY CONDITIONS ..................................................................................................... 11-3

11.5 SAVING THE SIMULATION .................................................................................................................... 11-5

11.6 USING HIVEL2D ................................................................................................................................. 11-5

11.7 CONCLUSION........................................................................................................................................ 11-6

12 CGWAVE ANALYSIS ..................................................................................................................... 12-1

12.1 INTRODUCTION..................................................................................................................................... 12-1

12.2 CREATING A WAVELENGTH FUNCTION ................................................................................................ 12-1

12.3 CREATING A SIZE FUNCTION................................................................................................................ 12-2

12.4 DEFINING THE DOMAIN ....................................................................................................................... 12-3

12.5 CREATING THE FINITE ELEMENT MESH ............................................................................................... 12-4

12.6 MODEL CONTROL................................................................................................................................. 12-6

12.7 RENUMBERING..................................................................................................................................... 12-7

12.8 SAVING THE CGWAVE DATA ............................................................................................................. 12-7

12.9 RUNNING CGWAVE ........................................................................................................................... 12-7

12.10 CONCLUSION ................................................................................................................................... 12-8

13 ADCIRC ANALYSIS........................................................................................................................ 13-1

13.1 INTRODUCTION..................................................................................................................................... 13-1

13.2 READING IN A COASTLINE FILE............................................................................................................ 13-1

13.3 EDITING THE COASTLINE FILE.............................................................................................................. 13-3

13.4 READING IN A SHOALS FILE............................................................................................................... 13-4

13.5 SHALLOW WAVELENGTH FUNCTIONS .................................................................................................. 13-5

13.6 CREATING SIZE FUNCTIONS ................................................................................................................. 13-6

13.7 CREATING POLYGONS .......................................................................................................................... 13-9

13.8 CREATING THE MESH......................................................................................................................... 13-11

13.9 BUILDING THE ADCIRC CONTROL FILE............................................................................................. 13-12

13.10 RUNNING ADCIRC ........................................................................................................................ 13-15

13.11 IMPORTING ADCIRC GLOBAL OUTPUT FILES................................................................................ 13-16

13.12 VIEWING ADCIRC OUTPUT........................................................................................................... 13-16

13.13 FILM LOOP VISUALIZATION ........................................................................................................... 13-20

13.14 CONCLUSION ................................................................................................................................. 13-20

14 STWAVE ANALYSIS....................................................................................................................... 14-1

14.1 INTRODUCTION..................................................................................................................................... 14-1

14.2 CONVERTING ADCIRC TO SCATTER.................................................................................................... 14-1

14.3 CREATING THE CARTESIAN GRID ......................................................................................................... 14-3

14.4 EDITING THE GRID AND RUNNING STWAVE ...................................................................................... 14-6

14.5 POST PROCESSING................................................................................................................................ 14-8

14.6 CONCLUSION...................................................................................................................................... 14-10

15 HEC-RAS ANALYSIS...................................................................................................................... 15-1

15.1 INTRODUCTION..................................................................................................................................... 15-1

15.2 PREPARING THE CONCEPTUAL MODEL ................................................................................................. 15-1

15.3 CREATING THE NETWORK SCHEMATIC ................................................................................................ 15-8

15.4 USING HECRAS ................................................................................................................................ 15-11

15.5 POST PROCESSING.............................................................................................................................. 15-12

15.6 CONCLUSION...................................................................................................................................... 15-14

16 OBSERVATION COVERAGE........................................................................................................ 16-1

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