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《Unity 2D游戏开发教程——城市疏散模拟》 Unity是一款强大的跨平台游戏开发引擎，尤其在2D游戏开发领域，其易用性和强大的功能深受开发者喜爱。本教程以"lesson_EVAC-CITY"项目为例，旨在帮助初学者掌握Unity 2D游戏的基本制作流程，以及如何利用C#编程语言实现游戏逻辑。我们将深入探讨Unity的特性，包括场景构建、角色控制、碰撞检测、游戏逻辑编写等多个方面。 1. 场景构建：在Unity中，游戏世界由一系列场景构成。"city_evac-city"场景是我们的主要工作区，其中包含了游戏的城市环境。通过Unity的Scene视图，我们可以添加和编辑地形、建筑、人物等游戏对象，调整它们的位置、旋转和缩放，创建出一个逼真的城市环境。 2. 2D图形与精灵：在2D游戏中，图像通常以精灵（Sprites）的形式存在。Unity提供了一套完整的2D渲染系统，包括精灵渲染器（Sprite Renderer）、精灵剪裁（Sprite Mask）等功能。在"lesson_EVAC-CITY"项目中，城市中的建筑、角色、道具等都将以精灵的形式呈现。 3. C#脚本：Unity支持使用C#进行游戏逻辑编写。"lesson_EVAC-CITY"项目中，每个游戏对象可能对应一个或多个C#脚本，如角色控制器、疏散逻辑、碰撞检测等。C#脚本通过挂载到游戏对象上，赋予它们动态行为。 4. 角色控制：在2D游戏里，玩家通常需要控制角色移动。在Unity中，我们可以编写C#脚本来实现角色的键盘输入响应、碰撞检测和动画切换。例如，角色在接收到用户输入后，会根据物理引擎计算出合适的移动速度和方向。 5. 物理系统：Unity内置了Box2D物理引擎，用于处理2D游戏中的碰撞检测和重力效果。在"lesson_EVAC-CITY"中，城市中的物体和角色都可能受到物理影响，如角色在行走时与障碍物的碰撞，都需要物理引擎来精确计算。 6. 游戏逻辑："evac-city tutorial"部分，我们将会学习如何编写城市疏散的逻辑。这可能涉及到路径规划算法，如A*寻路，使角色能够避开障碍物，找到最短的疏散路线。此外，还需要处理玩家交互，如触发事件、计分系统等。 7. 教程资源："lesson_EVAC-CITY.rar"压缩包包含完整的Unity工程文件，这对于初学者来说是宝贵的实践材料。你可以直接导入工程，跟随教程一步步学习，也可以直接查看和修改已有的脚本和资源，加深对Unity的理解。 "lesson_EVAC-CITY"项目是一个实用的Unity 2D游戏开发教程，通过实际操作，你将能够熟练掌握Unity的2D功能和C#编程，为自己的2D游戏创作打下坚实基础。无论是新手还是有一定经验的开发者，都能从中受益。

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lesson_EVAC-CITY.rar （7个子文件）

lesson_EVAC-CITY

Example Projects

EVAC-City Tutorial Example Project Part 2.unitypackage 118KB

EVAC-City Tutorial Example Project Part 1.unitypackage 116KB

EVAC-City Tutorial Example Project Part 3.unitypackage 221KB

EVAC-City Tutorial Example Project Part 4.unitypackage 229KB

EVAC-City Tutorial Example Project Part 6.unitypackage 4.12MB

EVAC-City Tutorial Example Project Part 5.unitypackage 272KB

lesson-www.unity3d8.com.pdf 1.28MB

EVAC-CITY

A starters guide to making a game like EVAC-CITY

Index

Introduction................................................................................................................................................3

Programming - Character Movement.........................................................................................................4

Programming - Character Animation.......................................................................................................13

Programming - Enemy AI........................................................................................................................18

Programming - Projectiles.......................................................................................................................22

Programming - Particle Effects and Damage...........................................................................................27

Programming - Additional Development.................................................................................................36

Level Design - Object Placement.............................................................................................................39

Level Design - Game Design...................................................................................................................44

Download tutorial resources

Download the Example Projects

Play EVAC-CITY

By David Lancaster

http://www.youtube.com/Daveriser

Page 1 of 44

Introduction

Hello and welcome to this tutorial. Below you'll find a detailed explanation from which you can make

the beginning of a game very similar to EVAC-CITY, a 2D top down survival alien shooter myself and

Daniel Wilkinson developed and which is currently free to play here:

Click to play EVAC-CITY

This tutorial will introduce you to the programming language C# of Unity 3D, Level Design in Unity

3D, and how to create textures and art assets in The Gimp.

This tutorial is best done when you have a familiar understanding of the Unity 3D interface. Learning

Unity 3D's interface is very intuitive and easy. `The game engine is free to download and use for a

period of 30 days, and the Indie license of the game is currently $199.00 USD (at the time I wrote this

tutorial, price may have changed since then).

You can download the free version here:

http://unity3d.com/unity/download

Here are some very intuitive video tutorials which will get you comfortable with the Unity 3D

interface:

http://unity3d.com/support/documentation/video/

Thank you for taking the time to look through this tutorial and I only hope it helps you abundantly in

your desire to become a skillful game developer.

Let's start with programming character movement!

David Lancaster

http://www.youtube.com/Daveriser

Page 2 of 44

Character Movement

Programming Tutorial Part 1

First things first, we need a character which moves around! Create an empty Unity 3D game project

that imports none of the unity packages which comes with the software.

Open Unity > Goto > File > New Project > Name it 'EVAC-CITY tutorial'.

If you don't have it already go ahead and download the free resources needed for this tutorial here:

Download tutorial resources

Download the Example Projects

Then Open up the Unity project you have just created goto the assets folder and drag the Tutorial

Resouces folder you had downloaded and drag it into the assets folder.

Once this is done you can now save the scene Goto > File > Save Scene As...

Scene.

Firstly I'm going to create an empty game object and name it 'Player', to rename an object left click

over the name of the object in your Hierarchy and keep your mouse stationary over the object after

releasing left click for a second.. Then from the menu with your new game object selected, choose

(component – mesh – mesh filter), and (component – mesh – mesh renderer). In the mesh filter I am

going to select 'plane' which is made available from adding the above .fbx file to your assets folder.

Also, select 'plane' from your project window, in the inspector look at the FBX importer component, set

the scale factor to 1 and click apply.

Now we need a material to render our character onto the plane! You might have noticed that when you

import an fbx file it automatically creates a material for you. I'm just going to delete what it creates

and create my own and name it 'PlayerMaterial'. Right click the project window and create a new

material. Select the PlayerSpriteSheet.png that you downloaded above and use it as a texture for your

new material. Select (transparent-diffuse) as the shader for your material.

Now in your player object's mesh renderer, select your PlayerMaterial in the materials tab. You should

now see what is displayed in the image on the next page:

Page 3 of 44

Okay our player is being rendered onto our plane! Now let's make sure he's tiled correctly. Select your

PlayerMaterial and set your X tiling to -0.2 and your Y tiling to -0.25. We are going to animate our

character by changing the tiling of the character dynamically over time! I set the Y tiling to -0.25 for

mathematical reasons, in the next tutorial we shall cover animation and if this is not set to a negative

value the animation wont run properly because of the way I have set up calculating which animation to

play. And set the X tiling to -0.2, I have no idea why it's a negative value I must have had a reason a

while ago when I wrote the animation code but the code likes it to be that way and I'm going to trust it.

Next add to your player (component – physics – rigidbody) and (component – physics – capsule

collider) the capsule collider adds a collision object to our player, this collision object will collide with

other collision objects in our world. The rigidbody gives our player a physics based movement to our

capsule collider, this is allows our collider to move around, push and interact with other objects in our

game world.

Make sure you turn off the use gravity check box in your rigidbody component otherwise your player is

going to keep on falling forever.

It's time now to script our character to move around. But first I should let you know, if you are new to

programming more than likely you're only going to understand bits and pieces of code at a time, to

understand it all at once takes experience, don't fret if you go ahead and implement the code in this

tutorial without understanding it all. Understanding comes over time with experience and it's normal

not to understand things.

Page 4 of 44

Right click in your project window and select (create – C Sharp Script) call your script 'AIscript', now

it's completely up to you how you organise your project window (we spell organize with an S in

Australia). In the future I wont tell you where to put the things you create in this tutorial but leave it up

to you to put things where you think they belong best. In this case I created a folder called 'scripts' and

put my C Sharp Script in there. The reason I am calling this script 'AIscript' instead of say

'PlayerScript' is that this script is going to be designed in such a way that both the enemies and player

will use the same script. You could create separate scripts but I personally like to keep things local.

Now open your AIscript and firstly and always change the name of class to the name of the script

otherwise Unity wont compile it.

using UnityEngine;

using System.Collections;

public class AIscript : MonoBehaviour {

Any code highlighted blue in this tutorial is code that wont change, anything highlighted red is the code

I am indicating for you to change. If the code is simply a green color, it is completely new code with

no code which is preexisting.

Leave the Start and Update functions as they are, the Start function is called only once at the beginning

of the object's life which is using the script, and Update is called once every frame while the object is

alive.

Let's create a new function called FindInput(); This function will find the input which needs to be sent

to the remaining functions to determine what the character will do. This input is either going to be

player controlled or AI controlled. I am also going to add 2 more functions below FindInput, one will

be used for finding the player's input and the other for AI input.

Add this below the Update function:

void FindInput ()

{

if (thisIsPlayer == true)

{

FindPlayerInput();

} else {

FindAIinput();

}

void FindPlayerInput ()

{

}

void FindAIinput ()

{

}

Page 5 of 44

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