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《视频和电视工程技术手册》第四版是一本涵盖了视频与电视工程领域的综合性技术指南，被誉为不可多得的技术文档。本书从光、视觉与光度学的基础出发，深入探讨了视频成像技术及其在高分辨率计算机图形和高清晰度电视（HDTV）等领域的应用，反映了视频设备行业的动态发展和技术进步对社会生活及产业变革的巨大影响。 ### 光、视觉与光度学书中首先介绍了光的基本特性、人眼的视觉机制以及光度学原理，这些是理解和设计视频和电视系统的基础。光作为视频信号的载体，其物理属性决定了视频信息的捕捉、处理和显示方式。视觉机制的研究则有助于优化图像质量和用户体验，而光度学则提供了量化光源亮度、色彩和对比度的科学方法，对于确保视频系统的标准化和互操作性至关重要。 ### 技术进步与视频设备行业随着科技的飞速发展，视频设备行业经历了从真空管到硅片的重大转变，从庞大的电子计算机到微小的集成电路，成本大幅降低，性能却显著提升。这种技术飞跃不仅改变了个人办公环境，还预示着家庭娱乐将因高清电视技术的普及而迎来新的定义。同时，工业界和国防领域对创新视频采集、存储和显示系统的需求日益增长，推动了视频技术的不断进步。 ### 高分辨率计算机图形与高清晰度电视高分辨率计算机图形和高清晰度电视是当前技术发展的两大热点领域，它们紧密交织，共同促进了视频技术的革新。HDTV的出现，不仅仅是画质上的突破，更是视频传输标准、编码技术、显示技术和内容创作流程的一次全面升级。同时，计算机图形技术的进步为视频制作提供了更丰富的素材和更真实的视觉效果，两者的结合正引领着视频产业向更高层次迈进。 ### 标准化挑战与机遇然而，技术的快速发展也带来了标准化的挑战。当产品接口不兼容时，标准化工作往往落后于产品推出，导致用户额外的开支和新技术实施的放缓。为了避免这种局面，全球标准化组织必须加快步伐，制定前瞻性的标准，确保不同品牌和系统之间的互操作性，从而保护消费者利益，促进新技术的快速普及和应用。《视频和电视工程技术手册》第四版不仅是一部技术宝典，更是一部记录了视频和电视工程领域发展历程的历史文献。它不仅涵盖了基础理论，还深入分析了技术趋势，对于从事视频和电视工程的专业人士而言，是一本不可或缺的参考书籍。随着技术的不断进步和社会需求的持续变化，该手册将持续更新，为行业提供最新的知识和指导。

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1-1

Section

Light, Vision, and Photometry

The world’s first digital electronic computer was built using 18,000 vacuum tubes. It occupied an

entire room, required 140 kW of ac power, weighed 50 tons, and cost about $1 million. Today, an

entire computer can be built within a single piece of silicon about the size of a child’s fingernail.

And you can buy one at the local parts house for less than $10.

Within our lifetime, the progress of technology has produced dramatic changes in our lives

and respective industries. Impressive as the current generation of computer-based video equip-

ment is, we have seen only the beginning. New technologies promise to radically alter the com-

munications business as we know it. Video imaging is a key element in this revolution.

The video equipment industry is dynamic, as technical advancements are driven by an ever-

increasing professional and customer demand. Two areas of intense interest include high-resolu-

tion computer graphics and high-definition television. In fact, the two have become tightly inter-

twined.

Consumers worldwide have demonstrated an insatiable appetite for new electronic tools. The

personal computer has redefined the office environment, and HDTV promises to redefine home

entertainment. Furthermore, the needs of industry and national defense for innovation in video

capture, storage, and display system design have grown enormously. Technical advances are

absorbed as quickly as they roll off the production lines.

This increasing pace of development represents a significant challenge to standardizing orga-

nizations around the world. Nearly every element of the electronics industry has standardization

horror-stories in which the introduction of products with incompatible interfaces forged ahead of

standardization efforts. The end result is often needless expense for the end-user, and the poten-

tial for slower implementation of a new technology. No one wants to purchase a piece of equip-

ment that may not be supported in the future by the manufacturer or the industry. This dilemma

threatens to become more of a problem as the rate of technical progress accelerates.

In simpler times, simpler solutions would suffice. Legend has it that George Eastman (who

founded the Eastman Kodak Company) first met Thomas Edison during a visit to Edison’s New

Jersey laboratory in 1907. Eastman asked Edison how wide he wanted the film for his new cam-

eras to be. Edison held his thumb and forefinger about 1 3/8-in (35 mm) apart and said, “about so

wide.” With that, a standard was developed that has endured for nearly a century.

This successful standardization of the most enduring imaging system yet devised represents

the ultimate challenge for all persons involved in video engineering. While technically not an

Source: Standard Handbook of Video and Television Engineering

Downloaded from Digital Engineering Library @ McGraw-Hill (www.digitalengineeringlibrary.com)

Any use is subject to the Terms of Use as given at the website.

Light, Vision, and Photometry 1-3

Boynton, R. M.: Human Color Vision, Holt, New York, 1979.

Committee on Colorimetry, Optical Society of America: The Science of Color, Optical Society

of America, New York, N.Y., 1953.

Daly, Scott: “The Visible Differences Predictor: An Algorithm for the Assessment of Image

Fidelity,” Human Vision, Visual Processing, and Digital Display III, Bernice E. Rogowitz

ed., Proc. SPIE 1666, SPIE, Bellingham, Wash., pp. 2–15, 1992.

Davson, H.: Physiology of the Eye, 4th ed., Academic, New York, N.Y., 1980.

Evans, R. M., W. T. Hanson, Jr., and W. L. Brewer: Principles of Color Photography, Wiley, New

York, N.Y., 1953.

Fink, D. G.: Television Engineering Handbook, McGraw-Hill, New York, N.Y., 1957.

Fink, D. G: Television Engineering, 2nd ed., McGraw-Hill, New York, N.Y., 1952.

Grogan, T. A.: “Image Evaluation with a Contour-Based Perceptual Model,” Human Vision,

Visual Processing, and Digital Display III, Bernice E. Rogowitz ed., Proc. SPIE 1666,

SPIE, Bellingham, Wash., pp. 188–197, 1992.

Grogan, Timothy A.: “Image Evaluation with a Contour-Based Perceptual Model,” Human

Vision, Visual Processing, and Digital Display III, Bernice E. Rogowitz ed., Proc. SPIE

1666, SPIE, Bellingham, Wash., pp. 188–197, 1992.

Hecht, S., S. Shiaer, and E. L. Smith: “Intermittent Light Stimulation and the Duplicity Theory

of Vision,” Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology, vol. 3, pg. 241, 1935.

Hecht, S.: “The Visual Discrimination of Intensity and the Weber-Fechner Law,” J. Gen Physiol.,

vol. 7, pg. 241, 1924.

IES Lighting Handbook, Illuminating Engineering Society of North America, New York, N.Y.,

1981.

Kingslake, R. (ed.): Applied Optics and Optical Engineering, vol. 1, Academic, New York, N.Y.,

1965.

Martin, Russel A., Albert J. Ahumanda, Jr., and James O. Larimer: “Color Matrix Display Simu-

lation Based Upon Luminance and Chromatic Contrast Sensitivity of Early Vision,” in

Human Vision, Visual Processing, and Digital Display III, Bernice E. Rogowitz ed., Proc.

SPIE 1666, SPIE, Bellingham, Wash., pp. 336–342, 1992.

Polysak, S. L.: The Retina, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Ill., 1941.

Reese, G.: “Enhancing Images with Intensity-Dependent Spread Functions,” Human Vision,

Visual Processing, and Digital Display III, Bernice E. Rogowitz ed., Proc. SPIE 1666,

SPIE, Bellingham, Wash., pp. 253–261, 1992.

Reese, Greg: “Enhancing Images with Intensity-Dependent Spread Functions,” Human Vision,

Visual Processing, and Digital Display III, Bernice E. Rogowitz ed., Proc. SPIE 1666,

SPIE, Bellingham, Wash., pp. 253–261, 1992.

Schade, O. H.: “Electro-optical Characteristics of Television Systems,” RCA Review, vol. 9, pp.

5–37, 245–286, 490–530, 653–686, 1948.

Wright, W. D.: The Measurement of Colour, 4th ed., Adam Hilger, London, 1969.

Light, Vision, and Photometry

Downloaded from Digital Engineering Library @ McGraw-Hill (www.digitalengineeringlibrary.com)

Any use is subject to the Terms of Use as given at the website.

1-4 Section One

Figures and Tables in this Section

Figure 1.1.1 The electromagnetic spectrum. 1-8

Figure 1.1.2 The radiating characteristics of tungsten: (trace A) radiant flux from 1 cm

of a

blackbody at 3000K, (trace B) radiant flux from 1 cm

of tungsten at 3000K, (trace B´)

radiant flux from 2.27 cm

of tungsten at 3000K (equal to curve A in the visible region). 1-

Figure 1.1.3 Spectral distribution of solar radiant power density at sea level, showing the ozone,

oxygen, and carbon dioxide absorption bands. 1-10

Figure 1.1.4 Power distribution of a monochrome video picture tube light source. 1-10

Figure 1.1.5 The photopic luminosity function. 1-15

Figure 1.1.6 Scotopic luminosity function (trace a) as compared with photopic luminosity func-

tion (trace b). 1-15

Figure 1.1.7 Weber’s fraction ∆B/B as a function of luminance B for a dark-field surround. 1-17

Figure 1.1.8 Test chart for high-definition television applications produced by a signal waveform

generator. The electronically-produced pattern is used to check resolution, geometry, band-

width, and color reproduction. 1-19

Figure 1.1.9 Critical frequencies as they relate to retinal illumination and luminance (1 ft⋅ L @

cd/m

; 1 troland = retinal illuminance per square millimeter pupil area from the surface

with a luminance of 1 cd/m

). 1-21

Figure 1.2.1 Solid angle ω subtended by surface S with its normal at angle θ from the line of

propagation. 1-26

Figure 1.2.2 Light-transfer characteristics for video camera tubes. 1-29

Figure 1.2.3 Measurement of diffuse transmittance. 1-30

Figure 1.2.4 Measurement of reflectance. 1-32

Table 1.1.1 Psychophysical and Psychological Characteristics of Color. 1-11

Table 1.1.2 Relative Luminosity Values for Photopic and Scotopic Vision. 1-12

Table 1.2.1 Conversion Factors for Luminance and Retinal Illuminance Units. 1-24

Table 1.2.2 Typical Luminance Values. 1-25

Table 1.2.3 Conversion Factors for Illuminance Units. 1-26

Light, Vision, and Photometry

Downloaded from Digital Engineering Library @ McGraw-Hill (www.digitalengineeringlibrary.com)

Any use is subject to the Terms of Use as given at the website.

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天天4231

2018-09-14

感谢很好的资源
steveleo88

2016-03-07

Very good and comprehensive coverage of vast TV topics
tinypuma

2013-02-04

没有标准的时候，可以参考这本书
micdot

2017-07-19

刚刚看了几页，不错的东东，需要好好看！
liufhsh06375073

2012-11-29

很全的技术参考文档，是视频处理很有检索价值。

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