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《考研英语一真题（2010-2018）》是一份涵盖了2010年至2018年期间历年全国研究生入学考试英语科目的真题集。这份资料对于备考考研英语一的考生来说具有极高的参考价值，因为它提供了近十年的真实试题，让考生能够了解考试的难度、题型和出题趋势，从而有针对性地进行复习。考研英语一的试题通常包括以下几个部分： 1. 完形填空：这部分测试考生的词汇量、语法知识和上下文理解能力。考生需要在一篇短文中填写适当的单词或词组，使文章语义连贯，结构完整。 2. 阅读理解：这是考试的重点，通常包括四篇文章，每篇后有五道选择题。阅读理解考察的是考生快速阅读、理解文章主旨、细节和作者观点的能力。 3. 新题型：这一部分可能包含匹配段落标题、选择最佳插入句、篇章逻辑结构排序等题型，旨在考察考生对篇章整体结构和逻辑关系的理解。 4. 英译汉：考生需要将一段英文翻译成汉语，这不仅检验语言转换能力，还要求对原文意义准确把握。 5. 写作：分为小作文和大作文两部分，小作文通常是应用文写作，如信件、通知等；大作文则要求考生就某一话题撰写一篇论述文，考察表达思想、组织论据的能力。通过分析这些年的真题，考生可以发现一些规律： - 题材广泛：考研英语一的阅读文章涉及科学、社会、文化、历史等多个领域，要求考生具备广泛的知识背景。 - 词汇难度：每年的试题中都会出现一些生僻词汇，考生需要积累足够的词汇量。 - 语法复杂度：完形填空和翻译部分往往包含复杂的语法结构，需要考生扎实的语法基础。 - 写作主题：历年作文题目多关注社会热点或道德伦理问题，要求考生有独立思考和深度分析的能力。参考答案的提供使得考生能够自我评估，找出薄弱环节，有针对性地进行提高。同时，分析历年真题的正确选项和错误陷阱，有助于考生掌握解题技巧，避免在正式考试中犯同样的错误。总结起来，这份《考研英语一真题（2010-2018）》是考生备考的重要参考资料，它能帮助考生熟悉考试模式，提升英语综合能力，为成功通过考研英语一奠定坚实的基础。在复习过程中，考生应结合词汇记忆、阅读训练、写作练习和答题策略等方面进行全面准备，以期在实际考试中取得理想成绩。

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2010 年全国研究生入学考试英语真题

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2018 年全国研究生入学考试英语真题

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2010 年全国研究生入学考试英语真题参考答案

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2011 年全国研究生入学考试英语真题参考答案

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2012 年全国研究生入学考试英语真题参考答案

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2013 年全国研究生入学考试英语真题参考答案

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2014 年全国研究生入学考试英语真题参考答案

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2015 年全国研究生入学考试英语真题参考答案

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2016 年全国研究生入学考试英语真题参考答案

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2017 年全国研究生入学考试英语真题参考答案

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2018 年全国研究生入学考试英语真题参考答案

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2010年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题

Section I: Use of English

Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on

ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)

In 1924 America’s National Research Council sent two engineers to supervise a series of experiments at a

telephone-parts factory called the Hawthorne Plant near Chicago. It hoped they would learn how shop-floor lighting

__1__ workers’ productivity. Instead, the studies ended __2__ giving their name to the “Hawthorne effect”, the

extremely influential idea that the very __3__ of being experimented upon changed subjects’ behavior.

The idea arose because of the __4__ behavior of the women in the plant. According to __5__ of the experiments,

their hourly output rose when lighting was increased, but also when it was dimmed. It did not __6__ what was done in

the experiment; __7__ something was changed, productivity rose. A(n) __8__ that they were being experimented upon

seemed to be __9__ to alter workers’ behavior __10__ itself.

After several decades, the same data were __11__ to econometric analysis. The Hawthorne experiments had another

surprise in store. __12 __ the descriptions on record, no systematic __13__ was found that levels of productivity were

related to changes in lighting.

It turns out that peculiar way of conducting the experiments may have led to __14__ interpretations of what happed.

__ 15__, lighting was always changed on a Sunday .When work started again on Monday, output __16__ rose compared

with the previous Saturday and __ 17__ to rise for the next couple of days. __ 18__, a comparison with data for weeks

when there was no experimentation showed that output always went up on Mondays. Workers __19__ to be diligent for

the first few days of the week in any case, before __20__ a plateau and then slackening off. This suggests that the alleged

“Hawthorne effect” is hard to pin down.

1. [A] affected [B] achieved [C] extracted [D] restored

2. [A] at [B] up [C] with [D] off

3. [A] truth [B] sight [C] act [D] proof

4. [A] controversial [B] perplexing [C] mischievous [D] ambiguous

5. [A] requirements [B] explanations [C] accounts [D] assessments

6. [A] conclude [B] matter [C] indicate [D] work

7. [A] as far as [B] for fear that [C] in case that [D] so long as

8. [A] awareness [B] expectation [C] sentiment [D] illusion

9. [A] suitable [B] excessive [C] enough [D] abundant

10. [A] about [B] for [C] on [D] by

11. [A] compared [B] shown [C] subjected [D] conveyed

12. [A] Contrary to [B] Consistent with [C] Parallel with [D] Peculiar to

13. [A] evidence [B] guidance [C] implication [D] source

14. [A] disputable [B] enlightening [C] reliable [D] misleading

15. [A] In contrast [B] For example [C] In consequence [D] As usual

16. [A] duly [B] accidentally [C] unpredictably [D] suddenly

17. [A] failed [B] ceased [C] started [D] continued

18. [A] Therefore [B] Furthermore [C] However [D] Meanwhile

19. [A] attempted [B] tended [C] chose [D] intended

20. [A] breaking [B] climbing [C] surpassing [D] hitting

Section II: Reading Comprehension

Part A

Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C, or D. Mark your

answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)

Text 1

Of all the changes that have taken place in English-language newspapers during the past quarter-century, perhaps

the most far-reaching has been the inexorable decline in the scope and seriousness of their arts coverage.

It is difficult to the point of impossibility for the average reader under the age of forty to imagine a time when

high-quality arts criticism could be found in most big-city newspapers. Yet a considerable number of the most significant

collections of criticism published in the 20th century consisted in large part of newspaper reviews. To read such books

today is to marvel at the fact that their learned contents were once deemed suitable for publication in general-circulation

dailies.

We are even farther removed from the unfocused newspaper reviews published in England between the turn of the

20th century and the eve of World War II, at a time when newsprint was dirt-cheap and stylish arts criticism was

considered an ornament to the publications in which it appeared. In those far-off days, it was taken for granted that the

critics of major papers would write in detail and at length about the events they covered. Theirs was a serious business,

and even those reviewers who wore their learning lightly, like George Bernard Shaw and Ernest Newman, could be

trusted to know what they were about. These men believed in journalism as a calling, and were proud to be published in

the daily press. “So few authors have brains enough or literary gift enough to keep their own end up in journalism,”

Newman wrote, “that I am tempted to define ‘journalism’ as ‘a term of contempt applied by writers who are not read to

writers who are’.”

Unfortunately, these critics are virtually forgotten. Neville Cardus, who wrote for the Manchester Guardian from

1917 until shortly before his death in 1975, is now known solely as a writer of essays on the game of cricket. During his

lifetime, though, he was also one of England’s foremost classical-music critics, and a stylist so widely admired that his

Autobiography (1947) became a best-seller. He was knighted in 1967, the first music critic to be so honored. Yet only

one of his books is now in print, and his vast body of writings on music is unknown save to specialists.

Is there any chance that Cardus’s criticism will enjoy a revival? The prospect seems remote. Journalistic tastes had

changed long before his death, and postmodern readers have little use for the richly upholstered Vicwardian prose in

which he specialized. Moreover, the amateur tradition in music criticism has been in headlong retreat.

21. It is indicated in Paragraphs 1 and 2 that _______.

[A] arts criticism has disappeared from big-city newspapers

[B] English-language newspapers used to carry more arts reviews

[C] high-quality newspapers retain a large body of readers

[D] young readers doubt the suitability of criticism on dailies

22. Newspaper reviews in England before World War II were characterized by _______.

[A] free themes [B] casual style [C] elaborate layout [D] radical viewpoints.

23. Which of the following would Shaw and Newman most probably agree on?

[A] It is writers' duty to fulfill journalistic goals.

[B] It is contemptible for writers to be journalists.

[C] Writers are likely to be tempted into journalism.

[D] Not all writers are capable of journalistic writing.

24. What can be learned about Cardus according to the last two paragraphs?

[A] His music criticism may not appeal to readers today.

[B] His reputation as a music critic has long been in dispute.

[C] His style caters largely to modern specialists.

[D] His writings fail to follow the amateur tradition.

25. What would be the best title for the text?

[A] Newspapers of the Good Old Days

[B] The Lost Horizon in Newspapers

[C] Mournful Decline of Journalism

[D] Prominent Critics in Memory

Text 2

Over the past decade, thousands of patents have been granted for what are called business methods. Amazon.com

received one for its “one-click” online payment system. Merrill Lynch got legal protection for an asset allocation strategy.

One inventor patented a technique for lifting a box.

Now the nation’s top patent court appears completely ready to scale back on business-method patents, which have

been controversial ever since they were first authorized 10 years ago. In a move that has intellectual-property lawyers

abuzz, the U.S. court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit said it would use a particular case to conduct a broad review of

business-method patents. In re Bilski , as the case is known , is “a very big deal”, says Dennis D. Crouch of the

University of Missouri School of law. It “has the potential to eliminate an entire class of patents.”

Curbs on business-method claims would be a dramatic about-face, because it was the Federal Circuit itself that

introduced such patents with its 1998 decision in the so-called State Street Bank case, approving a patent on a way of

pooling mutual-fund assets. That ruling produced an explosion in business-method patent filings, initially by emerging

Internet companies trying to stake out exclusive rights to specific types of online transactions. Later, more established

companies raced to add such patents to their files, if only as a defensive move against rivals that might beat them to the

punch. In 2005, IBM noted in a court filing that it had been issued more than 300 business-method patents, despite the

fact that it questioned the legal basis for granting them. Similarly, some Wall Street investment firms armed themselves

with patents for financial products, even as they took positions in court cases opposing the practice.

The Bilski case involves a claimed patent on a method for hedging risk in the energy market. The Federal Circuit

issued an unusual order stating that the case would be heard by all 12 of the court’s judges, rather than a typical panel of

three, and that one issue it wants to evaluate is whether it should “reconsider” its State Street Bank ruling.

The Federal Circuit’s action comes in the wake of a series of recent decisions by the Supreme Court that has

narrowed the scope of protections for patent holders. Last April, for example, the justices signaled that too many patents

were being upheld for “inventions” that are obvious. The judges on the Federal Circuit are “reacting to the anti-patient

trend at the Supreme Court”, says Harold C. Wegner, a patent attorney and professor at George Washington University

Law School.

26. Business-method patents have recently aroused concern because of _______.

[A] their limited value to business

[B] their connection with asset allocation

[C] the possible restriction on their granting

[D] the controversy over their authorization

27. Which of the following is true of the Bilski case?

[A] Its ruling complies with the court decisions.

[B] It involves a very big business transaction.

[C] It has been dismissed by the Federal Circuit.

[D] It may change the legal practices in the U.S..

28. The word “about-face” (Line 1, Para 3) most probably means _______.

[A] loss of good will

[B] increase of hostility

[C] change of attitude

[D] enhancement of dignity

29. We learn from the last two paragraphs that business-method patents _______.

[A] are immune to legal challenges

[B] are often unnecessarily issued

[C] lower the esteem for patent holders

[D] increase the incidence of risks

30. Which of the following would be the subject of the text?

[A] A looming threat to business-method patents.

[B] Protection for business-method patent holders.

[C] A legal case regarding business-method patents.

[D] A prevailing trend against business-method patents.

Text 3

In his book The Tipping Point, Malcolm Gladwell argues that “social epidemics” are driven in large part by the

actions of a tiny minority of special individuals, often called influentials, who are unusually informed, persuasive, or

well-connected. The idea is intuitively compelling, but it doesn’t explain how ideas actually spread.

The supposed importance of influentials derives from a plausible sounding but largely untested theory called the

“two step flow of communication”: Information flows from the media to the influentials and from them to everyone else.

Marketers have embraced the two-step flow because it suggests that if they can just find and influence the influentials,

those selected people will do most of the work for them. The theory also seems to explain the sudden and unexpected

popularity of certain looks, brands, or neighborhoods. In many such cases, a cursory search for causes finds that some

small group of people was wearing, promoting, or developing whatever it is before anyone else paid attention. Anecdotal

evidence of this kind fits nicely with the idea that only certain special people can drive trends.

In their recent work, however, some researchers have come up with the finding that influentials have far less impact

on social epidemics than is generally supposed. In fact, they don’t seem to be required at all.

The researchers’ argument stems from a simple observation about social influence: With the exception of a few

celebrities like Oprah Winfrey-whose outsize presence is primarily a function of media, not interpersonal, influence-even

the most influential members of a population simply don’t interact with that many others. Yet it is precisely these

non-celebrity influentials who, according to the two-step-flow theory, are supposed to drive social epidemics, by

influencing their friends and colleagues directly. For a social epidemic to occur, however, each person so affected must

then influence his or her own acquaintances, who must in turn influence theirs, and so on; and just how many others pay

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