Joshua Bloch 所著《Effective Java 第二版》一书摘要.zip

_This is my summary of the Effective Java 2nd Edition by Joshua Bloch. I use it while learning and as quick reference. It is not intended to be an standalone substitution of the book so if you really want to learn the concepts here presented, buy and read the book and use this repository as a reference and guide._ _If you are the publisher and think this repository should not be public, just write me an email at hugomatilla \[at\] gmail \[dot\] com and I will make it private._ **Contributions:** Issues, comments and pull requests are super welcome :smiley: # 1. TABLE OF CONTENTS - [1. TABLE OF CONTENTS](#1-table-of-contents) - [2. CREATING AND DESTROYING OBJECTS](#2-creating-and-destroying-objects) - [1. Use STATIC FACTORY METHODS instead of constructors](#1-use-static-factory-methods-instead-of-constructors) - [2. Use BUILDERS when faced with many constructors](#2-use-builders-when-faced-with-many-constructors) - [3. Enforce the singleton property with a private constructor or an enum type](#3-enforce-the-singleton-property-with-a-private-constructor-or-an-enum-type) - [4. Enforce noninstantiability with a private constructor](#4-enforce-noninstantiability-with-a-private-constructor) - [5. Avoid creating objects](#5-avoid-creating-objects) - [6. Eliminate obsolete object references](#6-eliminate-obsolete-object-references) - [7. Avoid finalizers](#7-avoid-finalizers) - [3. METHODS COMMON TO ALL OBJECTS](#3-methods-common-to-all-objects) - [8. Obey the general contract when overriding _equals_](#8-obey-the-general-contract-when-overriding-equals) - [9. Always override _hashCode_ when you override _equals_](#9-always-override-hashcode-when-you-override-equals) - [10. Always override _toString_](#10-always-override-tostring) - [11. Override _clone_ judiciously](#11-override-clone-judiciously) - [12. Consider implementing _Comparable_](#12-consider-implementing-comparable) - [4. CLASSES AND INTERFACES](#4-classes-and-interfaces) - [13. Minimize the accessibility of classes and members](#13-minimize-the-accessibility-of-classes-and-members) - [14. In public classes, use accessor methods, not public fields](#14-in-public-classes-use-accessor-methods-not-public-fields) - [15. Minimize Mutability](#15-minimize-mutability) - [16. Favor composition over inheritance](#16-favor-composition-over-inheritance) - [17. Design and document for inheritance or else prohibit it.](#17-design-and-document-for-inheritance-or-else-prohibit-it) - [18. Prefer interfaces to abstract classes](#18-prefer-interfaces-to-abstract-classes) - [19. Use interfaces only to define types](#19-use-interfaces-only-to-define-types) - [20. Prefer class hierarchies to tagged classes](#20-prefer-class-hierarchies-to-tagged-classes) - [21. Use function objects to represent strategies](#21-use-function-objects-to-represent-strategies) - [22. Favor static member classes over nonstatic](#22-favor-static-member-classes-over-nonstatic) - [5. GENERICS](#5-generics) - [23. Don't use raw types in new code](#23-dont-use-raw-types-in-new-code) - [24. Eliminate unchecked warnings](#24-eliminate-unchecked-warnings) - [25. Prefer lists to arrays](#25-prefer-lists-to-arrays) - [26. Favor generic types](#26-favor-generic-types) - [27. Favor generic Methods](#27-favor-generic-methods) - [28. Use bounded wildcards to increase API flexibility](#28-use-bounded-wildcards-to-increase-api-flexibility) - [29. Consider _typesafe heterogeneous containers_](#29-consider-typesafe-heterogeneous-containers) - [6. ENUMS AND ANNOTATIONS](#6-enums-and-annotations) - [30. Use enums instead of _int_ constants](#30-use-enums-instead-of-int-constants) - [31. Use instance fields instead of ordinals](#31-use-instance-fields-instead-of-ordinals) - [32. Use EnumSet instead of bit fields](#32-use-enumset-instead-of-bit-fields) - [33. Use EnumMap instead of ordinal indexing](#33-use-enummap-instead-of-ordinal-indexing) - [34. Emulate extensible enums with interfaces](#34-emulate-extensible-enums-with-interfaces) - [35. Prefer annotations to naming patterns](#35-prefer-annotations-to-naming-patterns) - [36. Consistently use the _Override_ annotation](#36-consistently-use-the-override-annotation) - [37. Use marker interfaces to define types](#37-use-marker-interfaces-to-define-types) - [7. METHODS](#7-methods) - [38. Check parameters for validity](#38-check-parameters-for-validity) - [39. Make defensive copies when needed.](#39-make-defensive-copies-when-needed) - [40. Design method signatures carefully](#40-design-method-signatures-carefully) - [41. Use overloading judiciously](#41-use-overloading-judiciously) - [42. Use varargs judiciously](#42-use-varargs-judiciously) - [43. Return empty arrays or collections, not nulls](#43-return-empty-arrays-or-collections-not-nulls) - [44. Write _doc comments_ for all exposed API elements](#44-write-doc-comments-for-all-exposed-api-elemnts) - [8. GENERAL PROGRAMMING](#8-general-programming) - [45. Minimize the scope of local variables.](#45-minimize-the-scope-of-local-variables) - [46. Prefer for-each loops to traditional for loops.](#46-prefer-for-each-loops-to-traditional-for-loops) - [47. Know and use libraries](#47-know-and-use-libraries) - [48. Avoid float and double if exact answer are required](#48-avoid-float-and-double-if-exact-answer-are-required) - [49. Prefer primitive types to boxed primitives](#49-prefer-primitive-types-to-boxed-primitives) - [50. Avoid Strings where other types are more appropriate](#50-avoid-strings-where-other-types-are-more-appropriate) - [51. Beware the performance of string concatenation](#51-beware-the-performance-of-string-concatenation) - [52. Refer to objects by their interface](#52-refer-to-objects-by-their-interface) - [53. Prefer interfaces to reflection](#53-prefer-interfaces-to-reflection) - [54. Use native methods judiciously](#54-use-native-methods-judiciously) - [55. Optimize judiciously](#55-optimize-judiciously) - [56. Adhere to generally accepted naming conventions](#56-adhere-to-generally-accepted-naming-conventions) - [9. EXCEPTIONS](#9-exceptions) - [57. Use exceptions only for exceptional conditions](#57-use-exceptions-only-for-exceptional-conditions) - [58. Use checked exceptions for recoverable conditions and runtime exceptions for programming errors](#58-use-checked-exceptions-for-recoverable-conditions-and-runtime-exceptions-for-programming-errors) - [59. Avoid unnecessary use of checked exceptions](#59-avoid-unnecessary-use-of-checked-exceptions) - [60. Favor the use of standard exceptions](#60-favor-the-use-of-standard-exceptions) - [61. Throw exceptions appropriate to the abstraction](#61-throw-exceptions-appropriate-to-the-abstraction) - [62. Document all exceptions thrown by each method](#62-document-all-exceptions-thrown-by-each-method) - [63. Include failure-capture information in detail messages](#63-include-failure-capture-information-in-detail-messages) - [64. Strive for failure atomicity](#64-strive-for-failure-atomicity) - [65. Don't ignore exceptions](#65-dont-ignore-exceptions) - [10. CONCURRENCY](#10-concurrency) - [66. Synchronize access to shared mutable data](#66-synchronize-access-to-shared-mutable-data) - [67. Avoid excessive synchronization](#67-avoid-excessive-synchronization) - [68. Prefer executors and tasks to threads](#68-prefer-executors-and-tasks-to-threads) - [69. Prefer concurrency utilities to _wait_ and _notify_](#69-prefer-concurrency-utilities-to-wait-and-notify) - [70. Document thread safety](#70-document-thread-safety) - [71. Use lazy initialization judiciously](#71-use-lazy-initialization-judiciously) - [72. Don't depend on thread scheduler](#72-dont-depend-on-thread-scheduler) - [73. Avoid thread groups](#73-avoid-thread-groups) - [11. SERIALIZATION](#11-serialization) - [74. Implement _Serializable_ judiciously](#74-implement-serializable-judiciously)