ALCOHOLES

 R–O–H

 ÉTERES

 R – O – R´
R – CH2OH       Primario

R – CHOH – R´   Secundario

    R´
R – C – OH      Terciario
    R´´
CH3 – CH2OH               Etanol

CH3 – CH2 – CH2OH         1-Propanol

CH3 – CHOH – CH3          2-Propanol

CH3 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2OH   1-Butanol

CH3 – CHOH – CH2 – CH3    2-Butanol

Metanol                   CH3OH

CH2OH – CH2 – CH2OH       1,3-Propanodiol

Etanodiol                 CH2OH – CH2OH
CH3 – CHOH – CH2OH             1,2-propanodiol

CH2 = CH – CH2OH               2-Propen-1-ol

CH3 – CH – CHOH – CH3          3-Metil-2-butanol
     CH3

CH3 – CHOH – CH = CH – CH2OH   2-Penten-1,4-diol

CH3 – CH2 – CH – CH3
                               2-Metil-1-butanol
           CH2OH

CH3 – CHOH – CH = CH – CH3      3-Penten-2-ol

CH3 – CH = C = CH – CH2OH       2,3-Pentadien-1-ol
CH3 – CH – CH – CH – CH2OH
        CH2 CH3 CH3
        CH3                         2,3,4-Trimetil-1-hexanol

                              CH  C – CH2 – CH – CH2OH
  2-Etil-4-pentin-1-ol
                                             CH2 – CH3



   Propanotriol o glicerina      CH2OH – CHOH – CH2OH


     CH3      CH3
CH3 – COH – COH – CH3               2,3-dimetil-2,3-butanodiol
Los éteres sencillos se pueden nombrar con el nombre de
los radicales unidos al oxígeno y con la terminación éter.
Ejemplos:


CH3 – CH2 – CH2 – O – CH2 – CH2 – CH3             Dipropiléter


      CH3 – CH2 – O – CH3          Etilmetiléter

             CH3 – CH2 – O – CH2 – CH3

                      DIETILÉTER
              Este éter es el “éter” corriente.
CH3 – CH2 – O – CH = CH2            Etoxieteno


      O – CH3
 CH3 – CH – CH2 – CH3             2-Metoxibutano


   Dimetiléter              CH3 – O – CH3


CH3 – CH2 –– CH2 – O – CH = CH2     Propoxieteno


  O – CH3
                                  1-Metoxibutano
  CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH3
CH2 = CH – CH – CH – O – CH2 – CH3
            |   |
           CH3 CH2
                 |
                CH3 1

        3-Etoxi-4-metil-5-hexeno


        CH3
   CH3 – CH – CH2 – CH – CH2OH
                    CH3

        2,4-dimetil-1-pentanol

Química orgánica ejemplos de alcoholes y éteres

  • 1.
  • 2.
    R – CH2OH Primario R – CHOH – R´ Secundario R´ R – C – OH Terciario R´´
  • 3.
    CH3 – CH2OH Etanol CH3 – CH2 – CH2OH 1-Propanol CH3 – CHOH – CH3 2-Propanol CH3 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2OH 1-Butanol CH3 – CHOH – CH2 – CH3 2-Butanol Metanol CH3OH CH2OH – CH2 – CH2OH 1,3-Propanodiol Etanodiol CH2OH – CH2OH
  • 4.
    CH3 – CHOH– CH2OH 1,2-propanodiol CH2 = CH – CH2OH 2-Propen-1-ol CH3 – CH – CHOH – CH3 3-Metil-2-butanol CH3 CH3 – CHOH – CH = CH – CH2OH 2-Penten-1,4-diol CH3 – CH2 – CH – CH3 2-Metil-1-butanol CH2OH CH3 – CHOH – CH = CH – CH3 3-Penten-2-ol CH3 – CH = C = CH – CH2OH 2,3-Pentadien-1-ol
  • 5.
    CH3 – CH– CH – CH – CH2OH CH2 CH3 CH3 CH3 2,3,4-Trimetil-1-hexanol CH  C – CH2 – CH – CH2OH 2-Etil-4-pentin-1-ol CH2 – CH3 Propanotriol o glicerina CH2OH – CHOH – CH2OH CH3 CH3 CH3 – COH – COH – CH3 2,3-dimetil-2,3-butanodiol
  • 6.
    Los éteres sencillosse pueden nombrar con el nombre de los radicales unidos al oxígeno y con la terminación éter. Ejemplos: CH3 – CH2 – CH2 – O – CH2 – CH2 – CH3 Dipropiléter CH3 – CH2 – O – CH3 Etilmetiléter CH3 – CH2 – O – CH2 – CH3 DIETILÉTER Este éter es el “éter” corriente.
  • 7.
    CH3 – CH2– O – CH = CH2 Etoxieteno O – CH3 CH3 – CH – CH2 – CH3 2-Metoxibutano Dimetiléter CH3 – O – CH3 CH3 – CH2 –– CH2 – O – CH = CH2 Propoxieteno O – CH3 1-Metoxibutano CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH3
  • 8.
    CH2 = CH– CH – CH – O – CH2 – CH3 | | CH3 CH2 | CH3 1 3-Etoxi-4-metil-5-hexeno CH3 CH3 – CH – CH2 – CH – CH2OH CH3 2,4-dimetil-1-pentanol