Fixes glob patterns **/p* incorrectly match on /foo/ap

[jeanp413]

This PR fixes #144458

[bpasero]

@jeanp413 thanks a ton, looks like a very elegant solution. And I think it uncovered an issue with one of our tests that wrongly asserted a glob pattern to match a file that it shouldn't match. Specifically:

**/[._]*.s[a-w][a-z] should not match /._._sby because in the pattern there is an extra . after the [._] but before the s and thus the pattern cannot match. Fyi @JacksonKearl I think you had added these tests originally.