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Don't Miss to save the post - kubernetes new features launches in 2025 and learn the complete k8 here for free https://lnkd.in/drShEQAa Kubernetes introduced several significant new features and enhancements in 2025, especially with the upcoming v1.34 release scheduled for August 27, 2025. Here are the key highlights: Dynamic Resource Allocation (DRA) Graduation:  The DRA framework, which allows more flexible allocation of devices like GPUs or specialized hardware through structured resource claims, is moving to stable. This enables better management and sharing of advanced hardware in clusters. ServiceAccount Tokens for Image Pull Authentication:  Kubernetes is enhancing security by letting kubelets use short-lived, OIDC-compliant ServiceAccount tokens for authenticating image pulls—removing the need for long-lived secrets and aligning with best practices for workload identity. Pod Replacement Policy for Deployments:  A new .spec.podReplacementPolicy (alpha) gives you control over how pods are replaced during Deployment updates or scaling—choose faster rollouts or stricter resource control, addressing needs for clusters with tight resources or slow pod terminations. Production-Ready Tracing in Kubelet and API Server:  Deep tracing powered by OpenTelemetry is reaching stability for both kubelet and API servers. This enables operators to track events from control plane to node, crucial for debugging and performance tuning across distributed environments. Fine-Grained Autoscaling Control:  Horizontal Pod Autoscaler (HPA) now allows per-HPA configurable tolerance, letting you override the default autoscaling tolerance (10%) for individual workloads. This supports more responsive or conservative scaling, tailored to specific needs. KYAML Support (Kubernetes YAML Dialect):  KYAML, a stricter and less ambiguous subset of YAML optimized for Kubernetes, is being introduced. It offers safer syntax, always double-quotes string values, supports comments, allows trailing commas, and aims to reduce YAML’s classic error risks. kubectl will support KYAML output. Traffic Distribution Improvements for Services:  The Service resource adds new traffic distribution options, letting you prefer endpoints in the same zone or node, not just “close” ones. This enhances performance and availability in multi-zone or multi-node setups. Other broader 2025 trends include: AI-driven automation and better multi-cluster management Edge/IoT workflow optimizations Advanced security defaults and developer experience improvements 📍Register for free devops course - https://lnkd.in/drShEQAa [Classes starting from next week] 📍Download the syllabus - https://lnkd.in/daARkKq7 📍Join our DevOps Whatsapp group - https://lnkd.in/gJ4cvV77 Do make sure to share and like the post and follow Praveen Singampalli for more such content

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API Gateway ≠ AI Gateway Both sit in front of services, but they solve different classes of problems. API Gateway -Protocol-level: HTTP, REST, GraphQL, gRPC -Stateless request/response routing -Focus on auth, throttling, caching, logging -Examples: Kong, NGINX, AWS API Gateway AI Gateway -Model-level: LLMs, embeddings, multi-model orchestration -Stateful: tracks context, conversation, memory -Handles token accounting, latency metrics, model routing -AI-specific observability (usage, cost per token, provider SLAs) -Examples: OpenRouter, LangChain Gateway, Hugging Face LLM Router Think of it this way: API Gateway optimizes API traffic AI Gateway optimizes model traffic As AI stacks evolve, I expect AI Gateways to become as foundational as API Gateways — especially in enterprises juggling multiple LLMs across vendors.

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In Kubernetes, HPA uses a fixed 10% tolerance for both scale-up and scale-down. Meaning, HPA waits for at least 10% change in CPU/memory usage before adding or removing pods For example, If you set 70% as the usage target, Kubernetes would only scale up if it went above 77%, and scale down if it went below 63%. Here is the problem with with fixed 10%? Sometimes you want the system to react quickly when traffic spikes. Other times, you want it to be more cautious to avoid constant scaling up and down. Now in Kubernetes v1.33 (alpha feature - HPAConfigurableTolerance), You can set separate tolerance levels for scaling up and scaling down. I have published a short guide with hands on example in my newsletter. 𝗥𝗲𝗮𝗱 𝗶𝘁 𝗵𝗲𝗿𝗲: https://lnkd.in/gyAJTMXS 10,000+ professionals read my DevOps newsletter I share deep dives and insights on Kubernetes, DevOps, Cloud, MLOps and GitOps ♻️ If you find this useful, Repost with your network! #kubernetes

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Starting your Kubernetes certification journey? Here’s how I like to explain it 👇 CKAD → is like learning to drive the car 🚗 You master how to use Kubernetes to deploy and manage apps smoothly. CKA → is like learning to repair the car 🔧 You understand how the cluster works under the hood and how to fix it when things break. CKS → is like learning to secure the car 🛡️ You make sure no one can hijack or misuse your cluster. Whichever stage you’re at, just keep driving, fixing, and securing until Kubernetes feels like second nature. 💪 #Kubernetes #DevOps #CKAD #CKA #CKS #CloudNative #LearningJourney

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🚀 Freshers: Want to crack your Kubernetes interview in 2025? Here’s what Interviewers are actually asking right now (based on recent interview data): 👇 🔹 Core Components 👉 Explain Pods, Nodes, Clusters, Deployments 👉 Know API Server, etcd, Scheduler, Controller, Kubelet 🔹 Networking & Routing 👉 Difference between ClusterIP, NodePort, LoadBalancer, Ingress 👉 Taints, Tolerations, Labels, Selectors 🔹 Config & Persistence 👉 ConfigMaps vs Secrets 👉 Persistent Volumes (PV) & Persistent Volume Claims (PVC) 🔹 Scenario-Based Questions 👉 How to upgrade clusters without downtime? 👉 How to troubleshoot an initContainer failure? 🔹 Insider Tips (from real engineers) 👉 Interviewers often start with: “What’s your favorite Kubernetes feature?” 👉 Then dive into RollingUpdate strategies, CPU throttling, DNS-based service discovery, and StatefulSet vs Deployment. 💡 The takeaway: Don’t just memorize definitions. Show clarity, problem-solving, and genuine understanding of Kubernetes. That’s how freshers stand out in 2025. 🚀

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🚀 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗖𝗲𝗿𝘁𝗶𝗳𝗶𝗲𝗱 𝗞𝘂𝗯𝗲𝗿𝗻𝗲𝘁𝗲𝘀 𝗔𝗱𝗺𝗶𝗻𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗮𝘁𝗼𝗿 (𝗖𝗞𝗔) 𝗰𝗲𝗿𝘁𝗶𝗳𝗶𝗰𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 ✨ Why this certification matters Kubernetes is the backbone of modern cloud-native applications. With containers powering DevOps, AI, and enterprise-scale workloads, certified Kubernetes administrators are in high demand. The CKA proves your ability to install, configure, and manage production-grade Kubernetes clusters—a critical skill for IT professionals today. ⚡ What makes CKA unique 100% hands-on exam – no multiple choice, only real tasks. Focused on real-world administration: networking, storage, troubleshooting, RBAC, and security. Respected across AWS, Azure, and Google Cloud since Kubernetes is vendor-neutral. Ideal for IT professionals moving into Cloud, DevOps, and Platform Engineering roles. 📘 How to prepare effectively Use the official CNCF curriculum as your study guide. Practice daily with Kubernetes labs (kind, minikube, or cloud providers). Take mock exams under timed conditions to simulate the real environment. Strengthen Linux and container fundamentals—they are tested heavily. 👉 If you want to level up your cloud and DevOps career, CKA is one of the best investments in 2025. Check out the eBook for more insights. 🎯𝙋𝙧𝙚𝙥𝙥𝙞𝙣𝙜 𝙛𝙤𝙧 𝙘𝙡𝙤𝙪𝙙 𝙘𝙚𝙧𝙩𝙞𝙛𝙞𝙘𝙖𝙩𝙞𝙤𝙣𝙨? 𝙰𝚆𝚂 / 𝙶𝙲𝙿 / 𝙰𝚣𝚞𝚛𝚎?  𝚃𝚑𝚎𝚜𝚎 pdf 𝚍𝚘𝚠𝚗𝚕𝚘𝚊𝚍𝚜 𝚑𝚊𝚟𝚎 𝚊𝚌𝚝𝚞𝚊𝚕 𝚚𝚞𝚎𝚜𝚝𝚒𝚘𝚗𝚜 𝚝𝚑𝚊𝚝 𝚊𝚙𝚙𝚎𝚊𝚛 𝚘𝚗 𝚝𝚑𝚎 𝚝𝚎𝚜𝚝.  Plus this site is full of FREE Guides. https://lnkd.in/gUkdFtin 🔥 𝑹𝒆𝒂𝒍 𝑸𝒖𝒆𝒔𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒔. 𝑹𝒆𝒂𝒍 𝑺𝒖𝒄𝒄𝒆𝒔𝒔. #AWS #Azure #GoogleCloud #CloudCertifications #CloudCertificationStore #CKA #Kubernetes #DevOps #CloudNative #Containers #Microservices #CloudSecurity #CloudComputing #KubernetesAdmin #Cloud #Innovation #CloudExperts #Docker #CKAD #CKS #CloudOps #PlatformEngineering #SiteReliabilityEngineering #SRE #ITCertifications #CareerGrowth #FutureOfWork #CertificationJourney #CloudCareers #DigitalTransformation #CloudTraining #Upskill #ExamPrep #MockExams #ITJobs #TechCareers #LearningNeverStops

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Ever wondered how to protect your Kubernetes workloads during maintenance or node scaling? In this video, I break down Pod Disruption Budgets - what they are, why they matter, and how to configure them effectively. 💡 What’s Inside? ✅ Clear explanation of PDB concepts ✅ Real-world scenarios where PDB saves the day ✅ Step-by-step hands-on demonstration in Kubernetes ✅ Tips for avoiding downtime during voluntary disruptions Whether you’re a Kubernetes beginner or an experienced DevOps engineer, this session will help you confidently set up PDBs and keep your applications running smoothly. Watch now and level up your Kubernetes reliability game! #Kubernetes #DevOps #SRE #Cloud Native Computing Foundation (CNCF) #PodDisruptionBudget https://lnkd.in/dm4wCnUh

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******Interview Questions****** 𝐊𝐮𝐛𝐞𝐫𝐧𝐞𝐭𝐞𝐬 Q. What is the difference between a Deployment and a StatefulSet in Kubernetes? Q. When should you use a StatefulSet instead of a Deployment? Q. Can you attach a volume to a Deployment? If yes, how is it different from a StatefulSet? Q. What could cause a StatefulSet pod to fail when rescheduled to a different availability zone? Q. How do PV/PVC behave across zones in EKS or Kubernetes in general? Q. What is a DaemonSet and when would you use it? Q. If you want two pods per node (instead of one), what alternatives to DaemonSet can you use? Q. What is a Pod Disruption Budget (PDB) and how is it useful? Q. How do you handle certificate rotation in on-prem Kubernetes clusters? Q. What are the challenges with scheduling pods in a multi-node, multi-AZ setup? Q. How does the Kubernetes scheduler decide where to place pods? Q. What happens when a StatefulSet pod cannot mount its volume after moving to another node? 🔹 𝐓𝐞𝐫𝐫𝐚𝐟𝐨𝐫𝐦 Q. What are common challenges faced while working with Terraform? Q. How do you handle state file management in Terraform? Q. How do you detect and resolve drift in Terraform-managed infrastructure? Q. How do you manage secrets securely in Terraform? Q. Why should you use a remote backend for Terraform? 🔹 𝐀𝐖𝐒 & 𝐍𝐞𝐭𝐰𝐨𝐫𝐤𝐢𝐧𝐠 Q. What are all the possible ways to deploy an Nginx server on AWS? Q. What are the pre-requisites for VPC peering between two VPCs? Q. What problems occur when two VPCs have overlapping CIDR blocks? Q. How can you enable communication between overlapping CIDR VPCs? Q. What is a Transit Gateway and how does it help in VPC communication? Q. How can a jump server be used in overlapping network scenarios? Q. Can you explain transitive routing between VPCs A, B, and C? 🔹 𝐂𝐈/𝐂𝐃 – 𝐆𝐢𝐭𝐇𝐮𝐛 𝐀𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬 Q. What CI/CD tools have you used in your current role? Q. How are you integrating tools like SonarQube, Docker, and Trivy in your pipelines? Q. How do you trigger a GitHub Actions workflow in another repository? Q. What is the purpose of repository_dispatch in GitHub Actions? Q. How would you trigger a CI/CD pipeline in Repo A from changes in Repo B? #AWS #Linux #DevOps

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𝐊𝐮𝐛𝐞𝐫𝐧𝐞𝐭𝐞𝐬 𝐑𝐨𝐚𝐝𝐦𝐚𝐩 𝟐𝟎𝟐𝟓 Kubernetes has become the de facto standard for container orchestration. But with so many moving parts, it is easy to feel overwhelmed. 𝐇𝐞𝐫𝐞 𝐢𝐬 𝐚 𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐩-𝐛𝐲-𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐩 𝐫𝐨𝐚𝐝𝐦𝐚𝐩 𝐭𝐨 𝐠𝐮𝐢𝐝𝐞 𝐲𝐨𝐮𝐫 𝐥𝐞𝐚𝐫𝐧𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐚𝐝𝐨𝐩𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐣𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐧𝐞𝐲: 1. Core Components Start with the basics: * Pods, ReplicaSets, Deployments → Understand how apps run and scale inside Kubernetes. 2. Stateful Application & Data Management Learn to manage stateful workloads: * PersistentVolumes (PV), StatefulSets → Handle databases and apps that need stable storage. 3. Infrastructure & Control Plane Get into the Kubernetes brain: * Nodes, Controllers, Scheduler → Know how the cluster makes decisions. 4. Security & Identity Management Lock down your cluster: * RBAC (Role-Based Access Control), Network Policies → Secure communication and access. 5. Auto Scaling & Load Balancing Make your apps self-healing and elastic: * HorizontalPodAutoscaler, Ingress Controllers → Optimize performance and traffic flow. 6. Backup, Restore & Disaster Recovery Be prepared for failures: * Velero (Heptio Ark) → Protect data and plan for cluster recovery. 7. Networking Understand how services talk: * Services, DNS, CNI (Container Network Interface) → Ensure seamless cluster communication. 8. Package Management & Configuration Simplify deployments: * Helm, Operators → Manage apps like a pro. 9. Monitoring & Observability Gain deep visibility: * Prometheus, Grafana → Track health, performance, and troubleshoot effectively. 10. Continuous Integration & Deployment (CI/CD) Automate your pipelines: * Jenkins, GitLab CI/CD → Streamline deployments from code to production. 💡 𝐏𝐫𝐨 𝐓𝐢𝐩: Start small, master the fundamentals, and gradually move into advanced areas like security, observability, and automation. Kubernetes mastery is not a sprint - it is a strategic journey. 🌟 ♻️ Repost this to help your network get started ➕ Follow Jaswindder Kummar for more

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𝐊𝐮𝐛𝐞𝐫𝐧𝐞𝐭𝐞𝐬 𝐅𝐮𝐧𝐝𝐚𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐚𝐥 𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐜𝐞𝐩𝐭𝐬 𝐄𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐲 𝐃𝐞𝐯𝐎𝐩𝐬/𝐂𝐥𝐨𝐮𝐝 𝐄𝐧𝐠𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐞𝐫 𝐒𝐡𝐨𝐮𝐥𝐝 𝐊𝐧𝐨𝐰 👇 1️⃣ 𝐏𝐨𝐝 – The smallest unit in Kubernetes. A pod can wrap one or more containers that share storage and networking. 2️⃣ 𝐍𝐨𝐝𝐞 – A worker machine (VM or physical server) where pods run. It’s managed by the Kubernetes control plane. 3️⃣ 𝐂𝐥𝐮𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐫 – A collection of nodes that together form a single Kubernetes system. 4️⃣ 𝐃𝐞𝐩𝐥𝐨𝐲𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭 – Ensures your pods run in the desired state. It also handles rolling updates without downtime. 5️⃣ 𝐑𝐞𝐩𝐥𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐒𝐞𝐭 – Keeps a specific number of identical pods running at all times. 6️⃣ 𝐒𝐞𝐫𝐯𝐢𝐜𝐞 – Provides reliable networking and a stable IP to access a group of pods. 7️⃣ 𝐈𝐧𝐠𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐬 – Manages external HTTP/S traffic to services using rules and paths. 8️⃣ 𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐟𝐢𝐠𝐌𝐚𝐩 – Stores non-sensitive configuration data separately from container images. 9️⃣ 𝐒𝐞𝐜𝐫𝐞𝐭 – Stores sensitive data like passwords and tokens securely. 🔟 𝐍𝐚𝐦𝐞𝐬𝐩𝐚𝐜𝐞 – Logical partitioning of cluster resources to isolate and organize workloads. 1️⃣1️⃣ 𝐊𝐮𝐛𝐞𝐥𝐞𝐭 – An agent on each node that makes sure containers inside pods are running as expected. 1️⃣2️⃣ 𝐤𝐮𝐛𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐥 – The command-line tool to interact with and manage Kubernetes clusters. 1️⃣3️⃣ 𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐨𝐥 𝐏𝐥𝐚𝐧𝐞 – The brain of Kubernetes that manages the overall cluster state. 1️⃣4️⃣ 𝐒𝐜𝐡𝐞𝐝𝐮𝐥𝐞𝐫 – Decides which node a new pod should run on, based on resource requirements. 1️⃣5️⃣ 𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐨𝐥𝐥𝐞𝐫 𝐌𝐚𝐧𝐚𝐠𝐞𝐫 – Runs background controllers to maintain cluster state automatically. 1️⃣6️⃣ 𝐄𝐭𝐜𝐝 – A distributed key-value store that stores all cluster data. 1️⃣7️⃣ 𝐓𝐚𝐢𝐧𝐭𝐬 & 𝐓𝐨𝐥𝐞𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬 – Define which pods can (or cannot) run on certain nodes. 1️⃣8️⃣ 𝐋𝐚𝐛𝐞𝐥𝐬 & 𝐒𝐞𝐥𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐬 – Allow grouping and filtering Kubernetes objects dynamically. 1️⃣9️⃣ 𝐑𝐞𝐬𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐜𝐞 𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐞𝐬𝐭𝐬 & 𝐋𝐢𝐦𝐢𝐭𝐬 – Control how much CPU and memory a container can request and use. 2️⃣0️⃣ 𝐇𝐞𝐥𝐦 – A package manager for Kubernetes to easily deploy and manage applications. 2️⃣1️⃣ 𝐂𝐑𝐃 (𝐂𝐮𝐬𝐭𝐨𝐦 𝐑𝐞𝐬𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐜𝐞 𝐃𝐞𝐟𝐢𝐧𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧) – Lets you define your own resource types in Kubernetes. 2️⃣2️⃣ 𝐎𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐨𝐫 – Automates complex application operations using CRDs. 2️⃣3️⃣ 𝐃𝐚𝐞𝐦𝐨𝐧𝐒𝐞𝐭 – Ensures a pod runs on every node (or specific nodes) in the cluster. 2️⃣4️⃣ 𝐋𝐨𝐠𝐬 & 𝐄𝐯𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐬 – Essential for debugging and tracking what’s happening inside your cluster. 💡 Mastering these concepts gives you the confidence to work with Kubernetes in real-world projects. 👉 Which one of these concepts took you the longest time to understand? #Kubernetes #DevOps #Cloud #Containers #SRE

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Normal Pod vs Secured Pod – Why Security Context Matters in Kubernetes In today’s cloud-native world, containers and Kubernetes have become the backbone of modern applications. But with great agility comes an equally important responsibility: security. As solution architects, we must not only design for scalability and performance but also embed security as a first-class citizen in our architecture. One of the most overlooked areas in Kubernetes is the difference between a Normal Pod and a Secured Pod. At first glance, both seem identical—they run workloads, expose services, and scale as needed. But under the hood, the security posture can make all the difference between a resilient system and an open door for attackers. 🔹 Normal Pod A normal pod often runs with default settings. This usually means the container may run as root, the filesystem is writable, Linux capabilities are not restricted, and host-level access is possible. While this works for development speed, it leaves the environment vulnerable. If compromised, such a pod could allow privilege escalation, lateral movement across the cluster, or even host takeovers. 🔹 Secured Pod A secured pod, on the other hand, is designed with defense-in-depth principles. It enforces a SecurityContext and Pod Security Standards such as: Running as a non-root user Using a read-only filesystem Dropping all unnecessary Linux capabilities Applying seccomp/AppArmor profiles to restrict system calls Enforcing resource limits to prevent denial-of-service attacks By shifting left and securing pods at the design stage, we significantly reduce the attack surface. This also aligns with compliance frameworks like CIS Benchmarks, PCI DSS, and zero-trust models. 🔑 Why does this matter at an architectural level? Because Kubernetes security is not just a DevOps problem—it’s an enterprise resilience challenge. When you standardize secured pods, you embed trust into your CI/CD pipelines, accelerate audits, and prevent costly breaches. More importantly, you enable teams to innovate faster without the constant fear of vulnerabilities. ✅ Takeaway: A normal pod may be enough to run an app, but a secured pod ensures that the app runs safely, responsibly, and compliantly. As architects and technology leaders, we must advocate for secure defaults and foster a culture where security is seen not as a blocker, but as an enabler of sustainable innovation.

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Load Balancer vs Reverse Proxy vs API Gateway – What’s the Difference? In modern web architecture, these three terms often get mixed up. But each plays a unique role in how requests are handled: ✅ Load Balancer – Splits incoming traffic across multiple servers to keep things fast and reliable. ✅ Reverse Proxy – Acts as a middleman, forwarding requests and keeping backend servers hidden. ✅ API Gateway – A single entry point for APIs. It routes requests to the right service and often adds features like authentication, rate limiting, and monitoring. Together, they form the backbone of scalable, secure, and resilient systems. 🚀 The key? Use the right one based on your architecture’s scale, complexity, and security needs. 💬 What’s your go-to setup in production? Let me know your thoughts! 👇 🧠 Subscribing to my free newsletter – .𝙉𝙀𝙏 𝙒𝙚𝙚𝙠𝙡𝙮 𝙏𝙞𝙥𝙨 𝙗𝙮 𝙋𝙤𝙤𝙧𝙣𝙖. Get simple, practical tips on .NET, ASP.NET Core, EF Core, and more every week. 👉 https://lnkd.in/gvqsnxzc ♻️ If you found this helpful, consider reposting to help others in the community. 👉 Follow me, Poorna Soysa, and hit the 🔔 on my profile so you don’t miss upcoming .NET tips and deep dives. Thanks for reading — let’s keep learning .NET together!

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𝐊𝐮𝐛𝐞𝐫𝐧𝐞𝐭𝐞𝐬 𝐎𝐛𝐣𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐬 𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐝 𝐈𝐧 𝟏𝟓 𝐒𝐢𝐦𝐩𝐥𝐞 𝐁𝐥𝐨𝐜𝐤𝐬 🧱 Kubernetes is built from small parts that work together. Each object has a job. Learn what they do — and why they matter. 1. Pod – The smallest unit. Runs your app containers. 2. Deployment – Keeps your pods running and updates them safely. 3. ReplicaSet – Makes sure the right number of pods are always running. 4. StatefulSet – Like Deployment, but for apps that need stable storage or names. 5. Job – Runs a task once, then stops. Great for batch work. 6. DaemonSet – Runs one pod on every node. Good for logging or monitoring. 7. Service – Gives your pods a stable way to talk to each other. 8. Ingress – Lets traffic from outside reach your app. 9. Network Policies – Control who can talk to whom inside the cluster. 10. Volume – Temporary storage for pods. 11. Persistent Volume – Long-term storage that survives pod restarts. 12. Secret – Stores sensitive data like passwords. 13. Namespace – Splits the cluster into groups. Helps with isolation. 14. Service Account – Gives pods an identity to access the API. 15. Roles – Controls what users or pods are allowed to do. Learn these, and you’ll understand how Kubernetes really works. #devops #interviewtips #kubernetes #cloudcomputing

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Senior DevOps Engineer Interview at OpenAI Round 1 – Infra & AI-Scale Foundations 1. How would you design a pipeline for deploying model-serving microservices across multiple regions? 2. Explain how you’d secure secret distribution for fine-tuning pipelines across AWS + Azure. 3. A single shard of Redis (serving embeddings cache) is throttling. How do you redesign under load? 4. How do you auto-scale inference clusters for unpredictable GPT traffic without burning GPU $$ on idle nodes? 5. How do you secure GitHub Actions or Jenkins pipelines that deploy AI workloads without hardcoding secrets? Round 2 – Chaos, RCA & Reliability 1. Latency spikes for a subset of GPT users in APAC. Infra looks healthy. Walk me through your triage. 2. Your inference-serving pods show “200 OK” but model outputs are corrupted. Where do you start? 3. An etcd cluster hit compaction issues at 200k writes/sec. How do you stabilize without downtime? 4. S3 replication silently failed for a model checkpoint. Debug path + prevention? 5. eBPF-based observability shows kernel-level throttling during inference. RCA? Round 3 – Leadership, Culture & Engineering Judgment 1. How do you balance reliability with research velocity in an AI-first org? 2. You’re asked to simulate a full GPU cluster outage. What’s your chaos drill plan? 3. How do you explain infra trade-offs (cost vs latency) to researchers who just want more GPUs? 4. What’s your checklist before calling an AI-serving infra “production-ready”? 💡 TL;DR If you haven’t: 1. Debugged a GPU node leak mid-inference 2. Simulated regional outages during live AI traffic 3. Balanced Redis/Vector DB bottlenecks under GPT-scale 4. Built chaos drills for model-serving clusters Then OpenAI interviews will expose your weak spots. But you can prepare. That’s exactly what we do at InfraThrone: war room drills, RCA simulations, and infra challenges. 🎯 Next Cohort: Nov 1, 2025 Early bird open for first 30 engineers → infrathrone.xyz 📌 Source: insights from engineers working at OpenAI (shared publicly). #DevOps #SRE #Kubernetes #OpenAI #InfraThrone #ChaosEngineering

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🚀 Learning Kubernetes Can Be 100% Free & 100% Project-Based! Forget endless tutorials — my 4 + 2 blog series on Medium will teach you practical Kubernetes through real-world projects. Kubernetes Blogs 1️⃣ Stop Over-Complicating Kubernetes: The right way to start learning. https://lnkd.in/g_qM4hFK 2️⃣ Building Your First Real Kubernetes Application. https://lnkd.in/gXn8C74h 3️⃣ Deploy a Production-Ready 3-Tier App on AWS EKS (React + Flask + Postgres with RDS, ALB, Route53, IAM, EC2) https://lnkd.in/g6A8RKFx 4️⃣ Add Free SSL Certificates to Your Kubernetes App on EKS. https://lnkd.in/g-mwaePg 💡 But first, master Docker before diving into Kubernetes! Docker Blogs 5️⃣ Everything You Need To Know About Docker https://lnkd.in/gC6DfRrJ 6️⃣ Run Multi-Container Apps with Docker Compose https://lnkd.in/gwFwTMeS 🔁 Repost to help others learn for free. 🔔 Follow DevCloud Partners → https://lnkd.in/ghK387-w

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