Sanjay Kulkarni

𝐈𝐧𝐝𝐢𝐚’𝐬 𝐒𝐞𝐦𝐢𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐝𝐮𝐜𝐭𝐨𝐫 𝐇𝐢𝐫𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐒𝐮𝐫𝐠𝐞 𝐢𝐬 𝐑𝐞𝐝𝐞𝐟𝐢𝐧𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐂𝐚𝐫𝐞𝐞𝐫𝐬! The semiconductor industry in India is experiencing an unprecedented hiring boom — gradually chipping away at IT placements and opening exciting opportunities for engineers across domains. 🔹 End-to-end hiring: RTL/SoC design, verification, embedded systems, manufacturing (process, packaging, yield). 🔹 Freshers’ salaries: ₹6–12 LPA (vs. ₹3–4 LPA in IT). 🔹 Aggressive campus recruitment from tier-2 & tier-3 colleges, not just IITs. 🔹 Internships: ₹40k–50k/month stipends to build hands-on chip design skills. 🔹 Hiring scale: ~12,000 freshers annually (up from 8,000 last year). 🔹 Career growth: Roles extend up to ₹20–120 LPA for architects & leaders. Fuelled by global supply chain shifts, EVs, telecom, defence, and government initiatives (DLI, PLI, ECMS), this hiring surge is reshaping student aspirations, especially in ECE and core engineering branches. With India projected to hit $103B semiconductor market by 2030, this is the right time for students and professionals to align their skills with VLSI, Embedded Systems, AI/ML hardware, and semiconductor manufacturing. The future is semiconductor — and India is powering ahead as a global hub! https://lnkd.in/gKtU5Gn2 #Semiconductor #VLSI #ChipDesign #EmbeddedSystems #Electronics #SoC #SemiconductorIndia #SemiconductorJobs #SemiconductorTalent #HiringTrends #Careers #ECE #Engineering #SemiconductorEcosystem #MakeInIndia #Innovation #ElectronicsManufacturing #FutureOfWork #AI #ML #Hardware #Manufacturing #IndiaSemiconductorMission

826

26 Comments

Memory paging in OS: Memory paging is a memory management scheme that eliminates the need for contiguous allocation of physical memory, thereby making more efficient use of available memory and simplifying memory allocation. 👉 Basic Idea 1️⃣ Paging: Divides the virtual memory into fixed-size blocks called pages and the physical memory into blocks of the same size called frames. 2️⃣ Virtual Memory: An abstraction that provides each process with the illusion of a large, contiguous address space. 3️⃣ Physical Memory: The actual RAM available in the system. 👉Key Components 1️⃣ Pages: Fixed-size blocks of virtual memory. Common sizes are 4 KB, 2 MB, or 1 GB. 2️⃣ Frames: Fixed-size blocks of physical memory that correspond in size to pages. 3️⃣ Page Table: A data structure used by the operating system to keep track of the mapping between virtual pages and physical frames. 👉 How Paging Works 1️⃣ Address Translation: When a program accesses a memory address, the virtual address is translated into a physical address using the page table. The virtual address consists of: Page Number: Indexes into the page table. Offset: Specifies the exact location within the page. 2️⃣ Page Table Lookup: The page table entry (PTE) for the page number provides the frame number. The frame number is combined with the offset to produce the physical address. 3️⃣ Page Faults: A page fault occurs if the required page is not in physical memory (not mapped to any frame). The operating system must bring the page from disk (swap space) into a free frame in physical memory and update the page table. 💪 Benefits of Paging 1️⃣ Eliminates Contiguous Allocation Requirement: Physical memory can be used more efficiently since any free frame can be used for any page. 2️⃣ Isolation and Protection: Each process operates in its own virtual address space, preventing one process from accessing the memory of another process. 3️⃣ Simplifies Memory Management: The operating system can manage memory in fixed-size blocks, simplifying allocation and deallocation. ✅ Summary Memory paging is a powerful technique that provides the benefits of virtual memory without the drawbacks of contiguous physical memory allocation. It allows systems to efficiently manage memory, ensure process isolation, and simplify memory allocation and deallocation through the use of fixed-size pages and frames. #paging #os #kernel #linux #embedded #learning #systemdesign

269

4 Comments

EDA Tools - Every VLSI Engineer must practice Behind every successful chip design, there’s a strong backbone of EDA (Electronic Design Automation) tools. From RTL coding to simulation, synthesis, verification, layout, FPGA design, and fabrication support - EDA tools play a vital role in shaping the future of semiconductors. Here’s a quick look at some of the most powerful tools in VLSI: ✅ Tanner EDA – Affordable CMOS analog/digital design ✅ Icarus Verilog – Free, open-source Verilog simulator ✅ Xilinx Vivado – High-performance FPGA design ✅ Questa Sim – Industry-standard simulation & verification ✅ Alliance – Open-source CAD for digital circuits ✅ Silvaco TCAD – Advanced device simulation & fabrication support ✅ Innovus – High-performance physical implementation tool ✅ Glade – Open-source layout editor for analog/mixed-signal ✅ Quartus Prime – Intel’s FPGA design suite ✅ Design Compiler – Synopsys tool for synthesis ✅ Magic – Open-source layout with DRC & extraction ✅ Xcelium – Fast, advanced simulation for RTL & testbench 💡 Whether you are a student, fresher, or experienced VLSI professional, mastering these tools can open the door to limitless opportunities in the semiconductor industry. 🌍 Visit us: https://provlogic.com/ VLSI Career Demo sessions - https://lnkd.in/g_jj43_V Our website - https://provlogic.com/ Join our WhatsApp channel for daily VLSI Updates - https://lnkd.in/gxBHqS7z Follow us on Instagram for Daily VLSI series - https://lnkd.in/gfziv4dg 👉👉 Please do follow ProV Logic & Prasanthi Chanda for daily Interview series

656

3 Comments

#TutorialSeries #130 🚀 𝐒𝐚𝐦𝐬𝐮𝐧𝐠 𝐇𝐢𝐫𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐜𝐞𝐬𝐬 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐄𝐂𝐄 𝐒𝐭𝐮𝐝𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐬🥇 For many ECE engineers, Samsung Semiconductor is a dream destination. With India becoming a hub for chip design and verification, the opportunities in VLSI are bigger than ever. But the hiring process is intense—and very different from typical software interviews. 𝐇𝐞𝐫𝐞’𝐬 𝐚 𝐛𝐫𝐞𝐚𝐤𝐝𝐨𝐰𝐧 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐒𝐚𝐦𝐬𝐮𝐧𝐠 𝐕𝐋𝐒𝐈 𝐡𝐢𝐫𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐣𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐧𝐞𝐲 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐄𝐂𝐄 𝐬𝐭𝐮𝐝𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐬 👇 🔹 𝐒𝐭𝐚𝐠𝐞 1: 𝐄𝐥𝐢𝐠𝐢𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 & 𝐒𝐡𝐨𝐫𝐭𝐥𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠 ▶️CGPA Cutoff: ~7.5 or higher. ▶️Branches: ECE, EEE, Instrumentation. 🔗https://lnkd.in/gfRYVJCr 👉 Tip: Highlight VLSI coursework, labs and internship/research projects on your resume. 🔹 𝐒𝐭𝐚𝐠𝐞 2: 𝐖𝐫𝐢𝐭𝐭𝐞𝐧 / 𝐎𝐧𝐥𝐢𝐧𝐞 𝐓𝐞𝐬𝐭 ▶️The biggest screening step. Usually a mix of core + aptitude. ▶️Electronics & VLSI topics: ✅Digital design (counters, FSMs, timing diagrams) ✅CMOS basics (Vt, leakage, scaling effects) ✅Device physics & semiconductor fundamentals ✅Verilog/VHDL coding & debugging STA basics, setup/hold violations ✅Aptitude: Quantitative + logical reasoning. ✅Coding (sometimes): Basic C or scripting (Python/Perl/TCL) for automation roles. 👉 Tip: Prepare from M. Morris Mano, Rabaey, Sedra/Smith and practice HDL problems. 🔹 𝐒𝐭𝐚𝐠𝐞 3: 𝐓𝐞𝐜𝐡𝐧𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐥 𝐈𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐯𝐢𝐞𝐰𝐬 (2–3 𝐫𝐨𝐮𝐧𝐝𝐬) ▶️Deep dive into your VLSI knowledge. ▶️Common areas tested: ✅Digital Electronics: Flip-flops, multiplexers, FSMs, hazards, timing analysis. ✅CMOS & Devices: Inverter characteristics, power-delay tradeoff, scaling. ✅HDL (Verilog/VHDL/SystemVerilog): ✅Write RTL code, explain testbenches, debug logic. ✅EDA Tools: Synopsys, Cadence basics; STA, synthesis, simulation. ✅Verification: Assertions, coverage, randomization, UVM basics. ✅Project Discussion: “How did you design/verify this block? What optimizations did you make?” 👉 Tip: Be ready to write code on a whiteboard / online pad (e.g., Verilog module for a priority encoder with testbench). 🔹 𝐒𝐭𝐚𝐠𝐞 4: 𝐇𝐑 / 𝐁𝐞𝐡𝐚𝐯𝐢𝐨𝐫𝐚𝐥 𝐑𝐨𝐮𝐧𝐝 ▶️Checks culture-fit, passion, and long-term vision. ▶️Why VLSI? Why Samsung? ▶️How do you see yourself growing in the semiconductor industry? 👉 Tip: Show awareness of Samsung Foundry, 5nm/3nm nodes, AI/automotive chips—connect your interests to their roadmap. 🌟 𝐅𝐢𝐧𝐚𝐥 𝐓𝐚𝐤𝐞𝐚𝐰𝐚𝐲𝐬 ✅ Master digital + CMOS fundamentals—these are always tested. ✅ Practice HDL coding regularly. ✅ Understand EDA flow. ✅ Talk confidently about projects—even an FPGA mini-project can shine if explained well. 🔁 Follow SAMAGATA SEMICONDUCTORS COMMUNITY in linkdin, join Whatsapp group( https://lnkd.in/g3RCDTvG ) and follow on Instagram(https://lnkd.in/gjJbDcRj) for career tips, VLSI insights and tech updates. #Semiconductors #VLSI #VirtualLabs #IIT #NIT #ECE #BTech #MTech #cfbr #Innovation #AnalogDesign #DigitalDesign #FreeTools #SamagataSemiconductors

1,007

172 Comments

7 key branches of semiconductors with leading companies & Applications 1. VLSI (Very Large Scale Integration): Leading Companies: Intel, Samsung, TSMC Applications: Microprocessors, Memory chips , ASICs 2. Power Semiconductors: Leading Companies: Infineon, STMicroelectronics Texas Instruments Applications: Electric vehicles (inverters, converters), Renewable energy 3. Analog Semiconductors: Leading Companies: Analog Devices, Texas Instruments, Maxim Integrated Applications: Audio & Video processing, Communication systems and RF circuits 4. Digital Semiconductors: Leading Companies: Intel, Qualcomm, Broadcom Applications:Microprocessors and microcontrollers, Memory chips (Flash memory, SSDs) 5. MEMS (Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems): Leading Companies:Bosch Sensortec, STM, Analog Devices Applications:Accelerometers and gyroscopes in smartphones, Pressure sensors for automotive applications, Inkjet printer heads and microphones 6. Optoelectronics: Leading Companies:Cree, Nichia, Osram Applications:LEDs for displays, Optical communication, Photodetectors 7. Compound Semiconductors: Leading Companies:Cree, Qorvo, GaN Systems Applications:High-frequency RF (Radio Frequency) devices, Power amplifiers for wireless communication For all Semiconductors and AI related content, follow TechoVedas Add more branches in the comments. If you are looking to invest in semiconductors and looking for consulting, drop us a DM. #VLSI #AI #semiconductorindustry

303

10 Comments

𝐅𝐫𝐨𝐦 𝐒𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐜𝐨𝐧 𝐭𝐨 𝐒𝐨𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐞𝐢𝐠𝐧𝐭𝐲: Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar & VLSI System Design (VSD) Launch India’s Most Ambitious RISC-V SoC Tapeout Program We are proud to announce a defining moment in India’s semiconductor journey: the RISC-V SoC Tapeout Program, a first-of-its-kind initiative by IIT Gandhinagar and VLSI System Design (VSD). This program isn’t just a training course - it’s a national mission. Designed to turn India’s semiconductor vision into reality, it offers a complete 20-week journey from RTL design to actual silicon tapeout, empowering participants with end-to-end chip design expertise. 𝐖𝐡𝐲 𝐓𝐡𝐢𝐬 𝐌𝐚𝐭𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐬? - Aligns with India’s goal of 𝐎𝐧𝐞 𝐓𝐚𝐩𝐞𝐨𝐮𝐭 𝐏𝐞𝐫 𝐒𝐭𝐮𝐝𝐞𝐧𝐭 and semiconductor self-reliance - Bridges the gap between academia and industry with hands-on, fabrication-focused learning - Uses industry-grade tools and methodologies to create job-ready VLSI professionals 𝐖𝐡𝐨 𝐒𝐡𝐨𝐮𝐥𝐝 𝐉𝐨𝐢𝐧? - Engineering students and professionals in VLSI, electronics, or computer science - Anyone passionate about building India’s semiconductor future from the ground up 𝐀 𝐑𝐚𝐫𝐞 𝐎𝐩𝐩𝐨𝐫𝐭𝐮𝐧𝐢𝐭𝐲 For the first time, some of VSD’s hands-on lab based 𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐦𝐢𝐮𝐦 𝐰𝐨𝐫𝐤𝐬𝐡𝐨𝐩𝐬 on 𝐏𝐡𝐲𝐬𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐥 𝐝𝐞𝐬𝐢𝐠𝐧 are available 𝐅𝐑𝐄𝐄 𝐨𝐟 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐭 to deserving candidates who demonstrate commitment through timely submissions and project work. This is more than skilling - it’s nation-building. If you’ve ever dreamed of designing chips and contributing to India’s tech sovereignty, this is your chance. Be part of the revolution. Apply now: https://lnkd.in/gT-p_fRF This program answers the industry's call for skilled silicon designers. We thank the visionary leaders -Samir Patel, Prof Tarun Agarwal, Prof Nihar Ranjan Mohapatra, Prof Joycee Mekie, Prof Madhav Pathak, Prof Rajat Moona - for their pivotal role in bridging this gap for India. Chips to Start-up (C2S) Programme Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology India Electronics and Semiconductor Association VLSI Society of India (VSI) RISC-V International ChipIN Centre India Semiconductor Mission SEMI Foundation

550

6 Comments

How to start focussing and preparing for Semiconductor and AI from 3rd year of Engineering in ECE / EEE / CSE: [1] Mathematics: Not only essential for ML and VLSI but helps in Quantum Computing as well. Key concepts: a. Probability and Statistics - Bayes theorem, variance, standard deviation, Distributions, Regression, Bias, etc. b. Linear Algebra - Eigen values, Eigen vectors, Matrix operations. c. Complex Number - Complex Plane, Polar and exponential form, Fourier transform, Euler and De Moivre's theorem, Conjugate. [2] Digital Electronics: The most basic and fundamental subject for VLSI. Key Concepts: Boolean Algebra, Combinational and Sequential Circuit, FSM, Static Timing Analysis. Not covering in depth since already covered in earlier posts. [3] Analog Fundamentals: Key concepts: a.BJT, MOSFET, CMOS, Problems on CC, CE, CB, CS, CG and CD. b. Current Mirror, Amplifier, Oscillator, Implementing stick diagrams of basic gates and custom circuits, Drain calculation, triode and saturation region. [4] Algorithms: This subject is not essential and mandatory but when I look back i personally feel that this subject is a necessity to increase the intuitive thinking and problem solving approach. Key concepts: a. Divide and Conquer, Greedy, Dynamic Programming, Sorting and Searching, travelling Salesman, Dijkstra's, kruskal, etc. b. Complexity theory - P, NP, NP Hard and NP Complete. [5] HDL Coding: Verilog - Coding guidelines, Syntax and Semantics, Coding structure. The best way to learn is to start implementing the digital blocks like multiplexer, flip flops, basic gates, counters. If you don't have any tool use edaplayground. [6] Python: Libraries: Pytorch, pyuvm, NumPy, SciPy, scikit-learn. [7] Machine Learning: Key concepts: a. Supervised, Unsupervised, Reinforcement, Neural Networks, Gradient Descent, Deep learning, Back propagation. b. Frameworks like TPU and PyTorch. [8] SystemVerilog: a. Data types, Interface, Clocking Blocks, Modport, Virtual interface, Synthesizable and Non Synthesizable construct, Testbench infrastructure. [9] Protocols: AHB, APB, FIFO to start with. Interconnect the two domains of VLSI and AI by leveraging ML for Automation in Semiconductor and debug the Chip faster. #vlsi #asic #electricalengineering #electronics

126

6 Comments

Many people ask me about the Google DV interview process, so I thought of sharing my experience here : 🔹 Round 1 (45 min) – Coding & SystemVerilog/UVM Foundations Coding questions on SystemVerilog & UVM. Mainly focused on Randomiazation and Constraint. Problem-solving using constraints/randomization General OOPs-based coding questions 🔹Round 2 (45 min) – Theory: SV, UVM, Coverage, Assertions Theoretical questions on UVM and System Verilog Assertions & SVA Question based on Coverage Basic Verification strateges based on some problem statement. Question based on protocols based on your resume 🔹Round 3 (45 min) – Testbench Architecture & Test Planning Creating a Functional Test Plan, Designing test cases, selecting constrained-random vs directed tests, defining coverage points, error-case scenarios, corner cases. Verification Environment Structure : Structuring agents, sequence organization, scoreboard logic, driver/monitor relationships, handling multi-clock domains and resets globalcareerconsultants Practical Debugging & Tools Skills Familiarity with simulators (e.g., VCS, Questa), scripting (Tcl, Python), version control, regression strategy, and coverage reporting workflows Round 4 (45 min) - Googliness round Evaluates how well you align with Google’s values & culture Focus on collaboration, problem-solving approach, communication, and adaptability. Note : The questions can vary depending on the team’s requirements and the sequence of rounds may also vary depending on interviewer's availability. 🖊️ If you need help with commonly asked DV interview questions in Product Based companies, check my earlier post : https://lnkd.in/dA-P22m2 🖊️ For general interview prep tips, see my detailed post : https://lnkd.in/dNyy5stv 🎯 Current Google openings : https://lnkd.in/dMCzA-Ab I hope this helps anyone preparing for DV interviews 🙌 ! Wishing all future candidates the best of luck 🚀 #Google #Semiconductor #VLSI

625

9 Comments