Gianluca Maino

relationship between yarn count and fabric GSM (grams per square meter)*** 🧵 Yarn Count vs GSM (Approximate Chart) Yarn Count (Ne) Fabric Type Approx. GSM 10s Heavy Woven / Denim 300–400 16s Twill / Workwear 220–280 20s Denim / Twill 180–250 24s Light Twill / Poplin 150–200 30s Knit / Woven Shirts 130–160 40s Fine Shirting / T-Shirts 110–140 50s Lawn / Voile 90–110 60s Light Lawn / Voile 70–90 80s Premium Lawn 50–70 Notes: Ne (English Cotton Count): Higher count = finer yarn. Coarser yarns (lower count) → heavier fabric (higher GSM). Finer yarns (higher count) → lighter fabric (lower GSM). For knit fabrics, GSM also depends on stitch length, loop length, and compaction. This chart assumes 100% cotton, single yarn, standard weave/knit. #textile #zoomtexwear #apparel #fashion #yarn #garments

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Textile Knowledge Sharing | Synthetic Fibers When we talk about synthetic fibers, we usually mean fibers made through chemical synthesis rather than natural sources like cotton or wool. Each type of synthetic fiber has its own characteristics and applications: Polyester (PET/PES) – widely used, durable, wrinkle-resistant Nylon (PA) – strong, elastic, abrasion-resistant Acrylic (PAN) – soft, wool-like, good for knitwear Polypropylene (PP) – lightweight, quick-drying, resistant to chemicals Spandex (PU) – excellent elasticity, used in sportswear and stretch fabrics Vinylon (PVA) – moisture-absorbent, weather-resistant Chlorofiber (PVC) – flame-retardant, chemical-resistant Understanding the properties of these fibers helps in selecting the right material for performance, comfort, and durability in different textile applications. #TextileKnowledge #SyntheticFibers #FabricEngineering #KnowledgeSharing #TextileIndustry

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𝗞𝗻𝗶𝘁𝘁𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗙𝗮𝘂𝗹𝘁 𝗔𝗹𝗲𝗿𝘁 Pinhole defects in knitting can be frustrating! Here are some possible causes and solutions: 𝗖𝗮𝘂𝘀𝗲𝘀 𝟭. 𝗬𝗮𝗿𝗻 𝗯𝗿𝗲𝗮𝗸𝗮𝗴𝗲: Yarn breaks can cause small holes or pinholes in the fabric. 𝟮. 𝗡𝗲𝗲𝗱𝗹𝗲 𝗱𝗮𝗺𝗮𝗴𝗲: Damaged or bent needles can create pinholes or uneven stitches. 𝟯. 𝗜𝗻𝗰𝗼𝗿𝗿𝗲𝗰𝘁 𝘆𝗮𝗿𝗻 𝗳𝗲𝗲𝗱𝗶𝗻𝗴: Uneven yarn feeding or tension can lead to pinholes or fabric distortion. 𝟰. 𝗠𝗮𝗰𝗵𝗶𝗻𝗲 𝗺𝗮𝗹𝗳𝘂𝗻𝗰𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻: Issues with the knitting machine, such as faulty yarn guides or sinkers, can cause pinholes. 𝗦𝗼𝗹𝘂𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻𝘀 𝟭. 𝗖𝗵𝗲𝗰𝗸 𝘆𝗮𝗿𝗻 𝗾𝘂𝗮𝗹𝗶𝘁𝘆: Ensure the yarn is of good quality and suitable for the project. 𝟮. 𝗜𝗻𝘀𝗽𝗲𝗰𝘁 𝗻𝗲𝗲𝗱𝗹𝗲𝘀: Regularly inspect needles for damage or wear and replace them as needed. 𝟯. 𝗔𝗱𝗷𝘂𝘀𝘁 𝘆𝗮𝗿𝗻 𝗳𝗲𝗲𝗱𝗶𝗻𝗴: Adjust yarn feeding tension and ensure smooth yarn flow. 𝟰. 𝗠𝗮𝗰𝗵𝗶𝗻𝗲 𝗺𝗮𝗶𝗻𝘁𝗲𝗻𝗮𝗻𝗰𝗲: Regularly maintain and clean the knitting machine to prevent malfunctions. 𝗣𝗿𝗲𝘃𝗲𝗻𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝟭. 𝗨𝘀𝗲 𝗵𝗶𝗴𝗵-𝗾𝘂𝗮𝗹𝗶𝘁𝘆 𝘆𝗮𝗿𝗻: Choose yarns that are less prone to breakage. 𝟮. 𝗠𝗼𝗻𝗶𝘁𝗼𝗿 𝗸𝗻𝗶𝘁𝘁𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗽𝗿𝗼𝗰𝗲𝘀𝘀: Regularly inspect the fabric during knitting to catch any issues early. 𝟯. 𝗠𝗮𝗶𝗻𝘁𝗮𝗶𝗻 𝗲𝗾𝘂𝗶𝗽𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁: Regularly maintain and clean knitting machines and needles. By identifying the cause and implementing the solution, you can minimize pinhole defects in your knitting.

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Textile Formula Reference: Fabric & Count Conversions Looking for a quick way to predict GSM (grams per square meter) and Yarn Count (Ne) in common knit fabrics?Here’s a reliable reference guide 👇📌 Pique FabricNe = (0.146 × GSM) + 57.16GSM = (-6.673 × Ne) + 386.44📌 Double LacosteNe = (-0.167 × GSM) + 64.36📌 Single Jersey (S/J)Ne = (-0.141 × GSM) + 50.22GSM = (-6.879 × Ne) + 350.4📌 Lycra 1x1 RibNe = (-0.119 × GSM) + 59.12GSM = (-8.283 × Ne) + 494.08📌 InterlockNe = (-0.206 × GSM) + 80.56GSM = (-4.778 × Ne) + 388.41📌 Lycra 2x2 RibNe = (-0.108 × GSM) + 56.62GSM = (-9.121 × Ne) + 519.05📌 1x1 RibNe = (-0.123 × GSM) + 54.57GSM = (-7.973 × Ne) + 437.66✅ How to UseTo predict Yarn Count (Ne) → Insert your GSM into the Yarn Count formula.To predict GSM → Insert your Yarn Count into the GSM formula.📌 NoteThese are linear approximations based on empirical data.Actual values may differ depending on:🔹 Machine settings🔹 Shrinkage🔹 Yarn properties👉 Always confirm with lab tests before bulk production.---#TextileEngineering #FabricConversion #GSM #YarnCount #Knitting #FabricSourcing #TextileIndustry #GarmentManufacturing #ProductionTips #QualityControl

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🧾 Mold Prevention (Moisture) Procedures & Solutions in Garments Manufacturing 1. Raw Material Stage: Fabric & Accessories Inspection Check moisture content (MC) in fabric using a moisture meter (acceptable: ≤ 8%). Ensure trims, leather patches, cartons, polybags, and paper hangtags are dry. Storage: Keep materials in clean, dry, well-ventilated warehouses. Avoid direct floor contact—use pallets at least 6 inches above ground. Use dehumidifiers and silica gel in humid seasons. --- 2. Cutting & Sewing Stage Work Floor Control Maintain factory humidity < 60% and temperature 20–26°C. Keep sewing thread cones, padding, and interlinings in dry condition. WIP Handling Avoid piling cut panels in damp areas. Cover WIP with breathable poly or trolley covers when stored overnight. --- 3. Washing & Finishing Washing Process Ensure garments are completely dried after wash. Tumble dry or hydro extractor properly before drying. Check garments for any wet patches before ironing. Finishing & Ironing Use steam carefully—ensure garments are fully dry afterward. Cooling period: allow garments to cool down before packing. --- 4. Packing Stage Polybag & Carton Standards Use anti-mold polybags (with micro-perforation for breathability if needed). Place desiccants (silica gel, clay packs, calcium chloride sheets) inside polybags/cartons. Cartons must be strong, dry, and stored off the ground. Packaging Room Environment Humidity < 55% RH. No damp floors/walls. Regular air circulation with exhaust fans or dehumidifiers. --- 5. Warehouse & Shipment Storage Conditions Keep cartons on pallets, not directly on floor/walls. Cross-ventilation and use of humidity control equipment. Avoid storing in open or leaking areas. Container Loading Inspect container for rust, water leakage, or odor. Use container desiccant bags to absorb moisture during transit. Fumigate container if required by buyer. --- 6. Monitoring & Quality Control Moisture Content Test before packing and before shipment. Mold Spot Check: Random garments from each lot inspected for mold smell or stains. Maintain Mold Prevention SOP (Standard Operating Procedure) and training for workers. --- ✅ Key Solutions / Tools Moisture Meters – for fabric and carton moisture testing. Dehumidifiers & Hygrometers – monitor and control humidity in rooms. Silica Gel / Desiccants – prevent moisture inside packaging. Anti-mold Stickers / Chips – sometimes required by buyers. Container Dry Packs – protect shipment during sea freight.

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