C++设计模式-装饰模式

目录

基本概念

代码和实例

基本概念

装饰模式是为已有功能动态地添加更多功能的一种方式。

当系统需要新功能的时候，是向旧系统的类中添加新代码。这些新代码通常装饰了原有类的核心职责或主要行为。

装饰模式的优点：

         1. 把类中的装饰功能从类中搬移出去，这样可以简化原有的类；

         2. 有效地把类的核心职责和装饰功能区分开了。而且可以去除相关类中重复的装饰逻辑。

代码和实例

结构图如下（使用的大话设计模式的结构图）

程序运行截图如下：

代码如下：

Head.h

#ifndef HEAD_H
#define HEAD_H

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;

class Component{

public:
	virtual void Operation(){}
};

class ConcreteComponent: public Component{

public:
	void Operation();
};

class Decorator: public Component{

public:
	Decorator();
	void setComponent(Component *component);
	void Operation();

private:
	Component *m_component;
};

class ConcreteDecoratorA: public Decorator{

public:
	ConcreteDecoratorA();
	void Operation();

private:
	string m_state;
};

class ConcreteDecoratorB: public Decorator{

public:
	void Operation();
};

class ConcreteDecoratorC: public Decorator{

public:
	void Operation();
};

#endif // !HEAD_H

Head.cpp

#include "Head.h"

void ConcreteComponent::Operation()
{
	cout << "基本框架" << endl;
}

Decorator::Decorator()
{
	this->m_component = nullptr;
}

void Decorator::setComponent(Component *component)
{
	this->m_component = component;
}

void Decorator::Operation()
{
	if(this->m_component != nullptr){

		m_component->Operation();
	}
}

ConcreteDecoratorA::ConcreteDecoratorA()
{
	m_state = "组建一";
}

void ConcreteDecoratorA::Operation()
{
	Decorator::Operation();
	cout << m_state << endl;
}

void ConcreteDecoratorB::Operation()
{
	Decorator::Operation();
	cout << "组建二" << endl;
}

void ConcreteDecoratorC::Operation()
{
	Decorator::Operation();
	cout << "组建三" << endl;
}

main.cpp

#include "Head.h"

void main(void){

	ConcreteComponent *c1 = new ConcreteComponent;
	ConcreteDecoratorA *ccdA1 = new ConcreteDecoratorA;
	ConcreteDecoratorB *ccdB1 = new ConcreteDecoratorB;


	ccdA1->setComponent(c1);
	ccdB1->setComponent(ccdA1);
	ccdB1->Operation();

	delete c1;
	delete ccdB1;
	delete ccdA1;

	cout << endl;
	cout << "---------------华丽的分割线---------------" << endl;

	
	ConcreteComponent *c2 = new ConcreteComponent;
	ConcreteDecoratorA *ccdA2 = new ConcreteDecoratorA;
	ConcreteDecoratorC *ccdC2 = new ConcreteDecoratorC;


	ccdA2->setComponent(c2);
	ccdC2->setComponent(ccdA2);
	ccdC2->Operation();


	delete c2;
	delete ccdA2;
	delete ccdC2;

	

	getchar();
}

Component是定义一个对象接口，可以给这些对象动态地添加职责。ConcreteComponent是定义一个具体的对象，也可以给这个对象添加一些职责。Decorator，装饰抽象类，继承了Component，从外类来扩展Component类的功能，但对Component来说，是无需知道Decorator的存在的，置于ConcreteDecorator是具体的装饰对象，起到给Component添加职责的功能