MIT线性代数笔记-第九讲

最新推荐文章于 2024-02-06 19:19:20 发布

kevin聪

最新推荐文章于 2024-02-06 19:19:20 发布

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分类专栏：前置数学文章标签：机器学习线性代数

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本文探讨了线性代数的基本概念，包括线性独立性的定义及其判断方法，向量组如何构成空间，以及基和维数的概念。通过具体实例解释了这些概念的实际应用。

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linear independence

Suppose A is m by n with m < n,Then here are nonzero solutions to Ax = 0(more unknown than equations)
Reason:There will be free varables!

vectors x1, x2, …xn are independent if no combinations gives zero vector(except the zero comb, all ci = 0)
$c_1x_1 + c_2x_2 + ... + c_nx_n != 0$

Repeat,when V1,…Vn are columns of A.They are independent if nullspace of A is {zero vector}. r = n, no free variables
They are dependent if AC = 0 for some no zero C.r < n, yes, free variables

Spanning a space

vectors v1,…vn span a space means the space consist of all combs of those vectors.

Basis and dimension

Basis for a space is a sequence of vectors v1, v2, … vn with 2 properties:
1.They are independent
2.They span the space

Example:
Space is $R^3$
basis is:
$\left[\begin{matrix} 1 \\ 0 \\ 0 \end{matrix}\right] + \left[\begin{matrix} 0 \\ 1 \\ 0 \end{matrix}\right] + \left[\begin{matrix} 0 \\ 0 \\ 1 \end{matrix}\right]$

$R^n,$ n vectors give basis if the n x n matrix(with those columns) is invertible

basis is not unique,there are many many basis,for example,when the spae is $R^3$ ,any independent vectors which span the space are basis.but they all share one property,what property?
They all have the same number of vectors!This number is the dimension of the space

!!!rank(A) = pivot numbers = dimension(C(Aa))
!!!dim(C(A)) = r
!!!dim(N(A)) = count of free variables = n - r