MIT线性代数笔记-第十一讲

Bases of new vector spaces

M = all 3 * 3 matrices(add and multiply)

subspace:
1.upper triangular matrices

2.symmetric matrices,dimS = 6

Basis for M = all 3 * 3’s,共计9个，如下所示:
$\left[ \begin{matrix} 1 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 0 \end{matrix} \right] and \left[ \begin{matrix} 0 & 1 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 0 \end{matrix} \right] … \left[ \begin{matrix} 0 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 1 \end{matrix} \right]$

$S\bigcap U$ = symm and upper triangular = diagonal 3 * 3’s,dim($S\bigcap U$) = 3

$S + U$= all combs of things in S and U = all 3* 3’s

总结一下:
dim(S + U) = 9
dimS = 6
dimU = 6
dim($S \bigcap U$) + dim(S + U) = dimS + dimU

Rank one matrices

$\left[ \begin{matrix} 1 & 4 & 5 \\ 2 & 8 & 10 \end{matrix} \right] -> \left[ \begin{matrix} 1 \\ 2 \end{matrix} \right] \left[ \begin{matrix} 1 & 4 & 5 \end{matrix} \right]$
dimC(A) = rank = dimC($A^T$)
for every rank one matrice A, we have A = $UV^T$

M = 5 * 17 matrices,would subset of rank 4 matrices form a subspace?No
would subset of rank 1 matrices form a subspace?No

another example
s = all v in $R^4$ with v1 + v2 + v3 + v4 = 0
也就是，s = null space of A = [1 1 1 1]
rank = 1
dimN(A) = n - r = 3
dimN($A^T$) = 0
C(A) = $R^1$
Basis:
$\left[ \begin{matrix} -1 \\ 1 \\ 0 \\ 0 \end{matrix} \right] and \left[ \begin{matrix} -1 \\ 0 \\ 1 \\ 0 \end{matrix} \right] and \left[ \begin{matrix} -1 \\ 0 \\ 0 \\ 1 \end{matrix} \right]$

Small world graphs

Graph = {nodes, edges}
想象成人际关系网路，每个人为一个节点，人与人之间的关系为边，研究表明，人与人之间的最短路径长度不会超过6.这就是小世界图。