STL Iterator 迭代器全揭秘

最新推荐文章于 2024-11-05 15:58:53 发布

九五一

最新推荐文章于 2024-11-05 15:58:53 发布

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分类专栏： C++知识文章标签： c++ 开发语言

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Iterator 是 STL 的基础，STL 算法都是基于 iterator。本文基于 gcc-12.2 分析了迭代器实现。

1、iterator_tag

iterator_tag 标记了 iterator 的类型。

  ///  Marking input iterators.
  struct input_iterator_tag { };

  ///  Marking output iterators.
  struct output_iterator_tag { };

  /// Forward iterators support a superset of input iterator operations.
  struct forward_iterator_tag : public input_iterator_tag { };

  /// Bidirectional iterators support a superset of forward iterator
  /// operations.
  struct bidirectional_iterator_tag : public forward_iterator_tag { };

  /// Random-access iterators support a superset of bidirectional
  /// iterator operations.
  struct random_access_iterator_tag : public bidirectional_iterator_tag { };

2、iterator 基类

每个 iterator 都必须提供以下 5 中数据类型

iterator_category
value_type
difference_type
pointer
reference

  template<typename _Category, typename _Tp, typename _Distance = ptrdiff_t,
           typename _Pointer = _Tp*, typename _Reference = _Tp&>
    struct _GLIBCXX17_DEPRECATED iterator
    {
      /// One of the @link iterator_tags tag types@endlink.
      typedef _Category  iterator_category;
      /// The type "pointed to" by the iterator.
      typedef _Tp        value_type;
      /// Distance between iterators is represented as this type.
      typedef _Distance  difference_type;
      /// This type represents a pointer-to-value_type.
      typedef _Pointer   pointer;
      /// This type represents a reference-to-value_type.
      typedef _Reference reference;
    };

3、iterator_traits

iterator_traits 是为了兼容原生指针（原生指针没有定义上述 5 中数据类型）

  template<typename _Iterator>
    struct __iterator_traits<_Iterator,
                 __void_t<typename _Iterator::iterator_category,
                      typename _Iterator::value_type,
                      typename _Iterator::difference_type,
                      typename _Iterator::pointer,
                      typename _Iterator::reference>>
    {
      typedef typename _Iterator::iterator_category iterator_category;
      typedef typename _Iterator::value_type        value_type;
      typedef typename _Iterator::difference_type   difference_type;
      typedef typename _Iterator::pointer           pointer;
      typedef typename _Iterator::reference         reference;
    };

  template<typename _Iterator>
    struct iterator_traits
    : public __iterator_traits<_Iterator> { };

iterator_traits 使用偏特化的方法，对于原生指针，也定义了 Iterator 的 5 中数据类型。

  template<typename _Tp>
    struct iterator_traits<_Tp*>
    {
      typedef random_access_iterator_tag iterator_category;
      typedef _Tp                         value_type;
      typedef ptrdiff_t                   difference_type;
      typedef _Tp*