sql 导航函数 lead

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本文通过具体案例展示了LEAD函数在SQL查询中的应用，包括如何使用该函数获取窗口框架中指定偏移量的后续行值，如何处理NULL值以及如何在不同分区中按时间顺序排列数据。

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返回后续行的值。更改 offset 值会改变所返回的后续行；默认值是 1，表示窗口框架中的下一行

WITH finishers AS
 (SELECT 'Sophia Liu' as name,
  TIMESTAMP '2016-10-18 2:51:45' as finish_time,
  'F30-34' as division
  UNION ALL SELECT 'Lisa Stelzner', TIMESTAMP '2016-10-18 2:54:11', 'F35-39'
  UNION ALL SELECT 'Nikki Leith', TIMESTAMP '2016-10-18 2:59:01', 'F30-34'
  UNION ALL SELECT 'Lauren Matthews', TIMESTAMP '2016-10-18 3:01:17', 'F35-39'
  UNION ALL SELECT 'Desiree Berry', TIMESTAMP '2016-10-18 3:05:42', 'F35-39'
  UNION ALL SELECT 'Suzy Slane', TIMESTAMP '2016-10-18 3:06:24', 'F35-39'
  UNION ALL SELECT 'Jen Edwards', TIMESTAMP '2016-10-18 3:06:36', 'F30-34'
  UNION ALL SELECT 'Meghan Lederer', TIMESTAMP '2016-10-18 3:07:41', 'F30-34'
  UNION ALL SELECT 'Carly Forte', TIMESTAMP '2016-10-18 3:08:58', 'F25-29'
  UNION ALL SELECT 'Lauren Reasoner', TIMESTAMP '2016-10-18 3:10:14', 'F30-34')
SELECT name,
  finish_time,
  division,
  LEAD(name)
    OVER (PARTITION BY division ORDER BY finish_time ASC) AS followed_by
FROM finishers;

name	finish_time	division	followed_by
Carly Forte	03:08:58	F25-29	NULL
Sophia Liu	02:51:45	F30-34	Nikki Leith
Nikki Leith	02:59:01	F30-34	Jen Edwards
Jen Edwards	03:06:36	F30-34	Meghan Lederer
Meghan Lederer	03:07:41	F30-34	Lauren Reasoner
Lauren Reasoner	03:10:14	F30-34	NULL
Lisa Stelzner	02:54:11	F35-39	Lauren Matthews
Lauren Matthews	03:01:17	F35-39	Desiree Berry
Desiree Berry	03:05:42	F35-39	Suzy Slane
Suzy Slane	03:06:24	F35-39	NULL

下一个示例使用可选的 offset 参数。

WITH finishers AS
 (SELECT 'Sophia Liu' as name,
  TIMESTAMP '2016-10-18 2:51:45' as finish_time,
  'F30-34' as division
  UNION ALL SELECT 'Lisa Stelzner', TIMESTAMP '2016-10-18 2:54:11', 'F35-39'
  UNION ALL SELECT 'Nikki Leith', TIMESTAMP '2016-10-18 2:59:01', 'F30-34'
  UNION ALL SELECT 'Lauren Matthews', TIMESTAMP '2016-10-18 3:01:17', 'F35-39'
  UNION ALL SELECT 'Desiree Berry', TIMESTAMP '2016-10-18 3:05:42', 'F35-39'
  UNION ALL SELECT 'Suzy Slane', TIMESTAMP '2016-10-18 3:06:24', 'F35-39'
  UNION ALL SELECT 'Jen Edwards', TIMESTAMP '2016-10-18 3:06:36', 'F30-34'
  UNION ALL SELECT 'Meghan Lederer', TIMESTAMP '2016-10-18 3:07:41', 'F30-34'
  UNION ALL SELECT 'Carly Forte', TIMESTAMP '2016-10-18 3:08:58', 'F25-29'
  UNION ALL SELECT 'Lauren Reasoner', TIMESTAMP '2016-10-18 3:10:14', 'F30-34')
SELECT name,
  finish_time,
  division,
  LEAD(name, 2)
    OVER (PARTITION BY division ORDER BY finish_time ASC) AS two_runners_back
FROM finishers;

name	finish_time	division	two_runners_back
Carly Forte	03:08:58	F25-29	NULL
Sophia Liu	02:51:45	F30-34	Jen Edwards
Nikki Leith	02:59:01	F30-34	Meghan Lederer
Jen Edwards	03:06:36	F30-34	Lauren Reasoner
Meghan Lederer	03:07:41	F30-34	NULL
Lauren Reasoner	03:10:14	F30-34	NULL
Lisa Stelzner	02:54:11	F35-39	Desiree Berry
Lauren Matthews	03:01:17	F35-39	Suzy Slane
Desiree Berry	03:05:42	F35-39	NULL
Suzy Slane	03:06:24	F35-39	NULL

以下示例使用默认值替换 NULL 值

WITH finishers AS
 (SELECT 'Sophia Liu' as name,
  TIMESTAMP '2016-10-18 2:51:45' as finish_time,
  'F30-34' as division
  UNION ALL SELECT 'Lisa Stelzner', TIMESTAMP '2016-10-18 2:54:11', 'F35-39'
  UNION ALL SELECT 'Nikki Leith', TIMESTAMP '2016-10-18 2:59:01', 'F30-34'
  UNION ALL SELECT 'Lauren Matthews', TIMESTAMP '2016-10-18 3:01:17', 'F35-39'
  UNION ALL SELECT 'Desiree Berry', TIMESTAMP '2016-10-18 3:05:42', 'F35-39'
  UNION ALL SELECT 'Suzy Slane', TIMESTAMP '2016-10-18 3:06:24', 'F35-39'
  UNION ALL SELECT 'Jen Edwards', TIMESTAMP '2016-10-18 3:06:36', 'F30-34'
  UNION ALL SELECT 'Meghan Lederer', TIMESTAMP '2016-10-18 3:07:41', 'F30-34'
  UNION ALL SELECT 'Carly Forte', TIMESTAMP '2016-10-18 3:08:58', 'F25-29'
  UNION ALL SELECT 'Lauren Reasoner', TIMESTAMP '2016-10-18 3:10:14', 'F30-34')
SELECT name,
  finish_time,
  division,
  LEAD(name, 2, 'Nobody')
    OVER (PARTITION BY division ORDER BY finish_time ASC) AS two_runners_back
FROM finishers;

name	finish_time	division	two_runners_back
Carly Forte	03:08:58	F25-29	Nobody
Sophia Liu	02:51:45	F30-34	Jen Edwards
Nikki Leith	02:59:01	F30-34	Meghan Lederer
Jen Edwards	03:06:36	F30-34	Lauren Reasoner
Meghan Lederer	03:07:41	F30-34	Nobody
Lauren Reasoner	03:10:14	F30-34	Nobody
Lisa Stelzner	02:54:11	F35-39	Desiree Berry
Lauren Matthews	03:01:17	F35-39	Suzy Slane
Desiree Berry	03:05:42	F35-39	Nobody
Suzy Slane	03:06:24	F35-39	Nobody