哈夫曼树构造

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本文介绍了一种使用哈夫曼树进行数据压缩的方法。通过计算字符串中各字符的出现频率来构造哈夫曼树，并生成哈夫曼编码表。最终实现了字符串的编码与解码过程。

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#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
Created on Fri Jul 27 18:08:26 2018

@author: luogan
"""

# 树节点类构建
class TreeNode(object):
    def __init__(self, data):
        self.val = data[0]
        self.priority = data[1]
        self.leftChild = None
        self.rightChild = None
        self.code = ""
# 创建树节点队列函数
def creatnodeQ(codes):
    q = []
    for code in codes:
        q.append(TreeNode(code))
    return q
# 为队列添加节点元素，并保证优先度从大到小排列
def addQ(queue, nodeNew):
    if len(queue) == 0:
        return [nodeNew]
    for i in range(len(queue)):
        if queue[i].priority >= nodeNew.priority:
            return queue[:i] + [nodeNew] + queue[i:]
    return queue + [nodeNew]
# 节点队列类定义
class nodeQeuen(object):

    def __init__(self, code):
        self.que = creatnodeQ(code)
        self.size = len(self.que)

    def addNode(self,node):
        self.que = addQ(self.que, node)
        self.size += 1

    def popNode(self):
        self.size -= 1
        return self.que.pop(0)
# 各个字符在字符串中出现的次数，即计算优先度
def freChar(string):
    d ={}
    for c in string:
        if not c in d:
            d[c] = 1
        else:
            d[c] += 1
    return sorted(d.items(),key=lambda x:x[1])
# 创建哈夫曼树
def creatHuffmanTree(nodeQ):
    while nodeQ.size != 1:
        node1 = nodeQ.popNode()
        node2 = nodeQ.popNode()
        r = TreeNode([None, node1.priority+node2.priority])
        r.leftChild = node1
        r.rightChild = node2
        nodeQ.addNode(r)
    return nodeQ.popNode()

codeDic1 = {}
codeDic2 = {}
# 由哈夫曼树得到哈夫曼编码表
def HuffmanCodeDic(head, x):
    global codeDic, codeList
    if head:
        HuffmanCodeDic(head.leftChild, x+'0')
        head.code += x
        if head.val:
            codeDic2[head.code] = head.val
            codeDic1[head.val] = head.code
        HuffmanCodeDic(head.rightChild, x+'1')
# 字符串编码
def TransEncode(string):
    global codeDic1
    transcode = ""
    for c in string:
        transcode += codeDic1[c]
    return transcode
# 字符串解码
def TransDecode(StringCode):
    global codeDic2
    code = ""
    ans = ""
    for ch in StringCode:
        code += ch
        if code in codeDic2:
            ans += codeDic2[code]
            code = ""
    return ans
# 举例
string = "AAGGDCCCDDDGFBBBFFGGDDDDGGGEFFDDCCCCDDFGAAA"
t = nodeQeuen(freChar(string))
tree = creatHuffmanTree(t)
HuffmanCodeDic(tree, '')
print(codeDic1,codeDic2)
a = TransEncode(string)
print(a)
aa = TransDecode(a)
print(aa)
print(string == aa)