20个简洁的 JS 代码片段

1、单行 If-Else 语句

const age = 12;
let ageGroup;


// LONG FORM
if (age > 18) {
  ageGroup = "An adult";
} else {
  ageGroup = "A child";
}


// SHORTHAND
ageGroup = age > 18 ? "An adult" : "A child";

2、从数组中删除重复项

const numbers = [1, 1, 20, 3, 3, 3, 9, 9];
const uniqueNumbers = [...new Set(numbers)]; // -> [1, 20, 3, 9]

3、 较短的 If-Else 的空合并

let maybeSomething;


// LONG FORM
if(maybeSomething){
  console.log(maybeSomething)
} else {
  console.log("Nothing found")
}


//SHORTHAND
console.log(maybeSomething ?? "Nothing found")

4、防止崩溃的可选链

const student = {
  name: "Matt",
  age: 27,
  address: {
    state: "New York"
  },
};


// LONG FORM
console.log(student && student.address && student.address.ZIPCode); // Doesn't exist - Returns undefined


// SHORTHAND
console.log(student?.address?.ZIPCode); // Doesn't exist - Returns undefined

5、在没有第三个变量的情况下交换两个变量

let x = 1;
let y = 2;


// LONGER FORM
let temp = x;
x = y;
y = temp;


// SHORTHAND
[x, y] = [y, x];

6、将任何值转换为布尔值

!!true    // true
!!2       // true
!![]      // true
!!"Test"  // true


!!false   // false
!!0       // false
!!""      // false

7、扩展运算符
使用扩展运算符组合两个数组…：

const nums1 = [1, 2, 3];
const nums2 = [4, 5, 6];


// LONG FORM
let newArray = nums1.concat(nums2);


// SHORTHAND
newArray = [...nums1, ...nums2];

也可以使用此语法代替将值推送到数组：

let numbers = [1, 2, 3];


// LONGER FORM
numbers.push(4);
numbers.push(5);


// SHORTHAND
numbers = [...numbers, 4, 5];

8、传播解构
使用扩展运算符将剩余元素分配给变量：

const student = {
  name: "Matt",
  age: 23,
  city: "Helsinki",
  state: "Finland",
};


// LONGER FORM
const name = student.name;
const age = student.age;
const address = { city: student.city, state: student.state };


// SHORTHAND
const { name, age, ...address } = student;

9、 使用 && 进行短路评估
不必用if语句检查某事是否为真，你可以使用&&运算符：

var isReady = true;


function doSomething(){
  console.log("Yay!");
}


// LONGER FORM
if(isReady){
  doSomething();
}


// SHORTHAND
isReady && doSomething();

10、类固醇的字符串
通过将字符串包装在反引号内并${}用于嵌入值，从而在字符串之间插入变量。

const age = 41;
const sentence = `I'm ${age} years old`;


// result: I'm 41 years old

11、 从数组中查找特定元素
使用find()方法查找匹配特定条件的元素：

const fruits = [
  { type: "Banana", color: "Yellow" },
  { type: "Apple", color: "Green" }
];


// LONGER FORM
let yellowFruit;
for (let i = 0; i < fruits.length; ++i) {
  if (fruits[i].color === "Yellow") {
    yellowFruit = fruits[i];
  }
}


// SHORTHAND
yellowFruit = fruits.find((fruit) => fruit.color === "Yellow");

12、对象属性赋值

const name = "Luis", city = "Paris", age = 43, favoriteFood = "Spaghetti";


// LONGER FORM
const person = {
  name: name,
  city: city,
  age: age,
  favoriteFood: favoriteFood
};


// SHORTHAND
const person = { name, city, age, favoriteFood };

13、压缩 For 循环

const numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];


// LONGER FORM
for(let i = 0; i < numbers.length; i++){
  console.log(numbers[i]);
}


// SHORTHAND
numbers.forEach(number => console.log(number));

14、 默认功能参数
你可以为函数参数提供默认值：

// LONG FORM
function pickUp(fruit) {
  if(fruit === undefined){
    console.log("I picked up a Banana");
  } else {
    console.log(`I picked up a ${fruit}`);
  }
}


// SHORTHAND
function pickUp(fruit = "Banana") {
  console.log(`I picked up a ${fruit}`)
}


pickUp("Mango"); // -> I picked up a Mango
pickUp();        // -> I picked up a Banana

15、将对象的值收集到数组中
用于Object.values()将对象的所有值收集到一个新数组中：

const info = { name: "Matt", country: "Finland", age: 35 };


// LONGER FORM
let data = [];
for (let key in info) {
  data.push(info[key]);
}


// SHORTHAND
const data = Object.values(info);

16、检查一个项目是否存在于数组中

let numbers = [1, 2, 3];


// LONGER FORM
const hasNumber1 = numbers.indexOf(1) > -1 // -> True


// SHORTHAND/CLEANER APPROACH
const hasNumber1 = numbers.includes(1)     // -> True

17、压缩多个条件
避免使用长|| 检查多个条件链，你可以使用你刚刚在上一个技巧中学到的东西——即，使用 includes() 方法：

const num = 1;


// LONGER FORM
if(num == 1 || num == 2 || num == 3){
  console.log("Yay");
}


// SHORTHAND
if([1,2,3].includes(num)){
  console.log("Yay");
}

18、 指数运算符
你Math.pow()习惯把一个数字提高到一个幂吗？你知道你也可以使用**运算符吗？

// LONGER FORM
Math.pow(4,2); // 16
Math.pow(2,3); // 8


// SHORTHAND
4**2 // 16
2**3 // 8

19、 Math.floor() 简写
四舍五入Math.floor()并不是什么新鲜事。但是你知道你也可以使用~~运算符吗？

例如：

// LONG FORM
Math.floor(5.25) // -> 5.0


// SHORTHAND
~~5.25 // -> 5.0

20、 用一行代码分配多个值
使用解构语法在一行中分配多个值：

let num1, num2;


// LONGER FORM
num1 = 10;
num2 = 100;


// SHORTHAND
[num1, num2] = [10, 100];

这也适用于使用 JavaScript 对象：

student = {
  name: "Matt",
  age: 29,
};


// LONGER FORM
let name = student.name;
let age = student.age;


// SHORTHAND
let { name, age } = student;