浅谈Spring @Order注解的使用

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最新推荐文章于 2025-06-20 23:43:10 发布

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分类专栏：【spring系列】文章标签： @Order Bean Bean执行顺序 Ordered

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本文详细解析了Spring框架中@Order注解和Ordered接口的作用，它们用于定义Bean的执行顺序而非加载顺序，通过实例展示了如何调整执行优先级，并深入探讨了Spring容器加载组件的过程。

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注解@Order或者接口Ordered的作用是定义Spring IOC容器中Bean的执行顺序的优先级，而不是定义Bean的加载顺序，Bean的加载顺序不受@Order或Ordered接口的影响；

1.@Order的注解源码解读

@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Target({ElementType.TYPE, ElementType.METHOD, ElementType.FIELD})
@Documented
public @interface Order {

	/**
	 * 默认是最低优先级,值越小优先级越高
	 */
	int value() default Ordered.LOWEST_PRECEDENCE;

}

注解可以作用在类(接口、枚举)、方法、字段声明（包括枚举常量）；
注解有一个int类型的参数，可以不传，默认是最低优先级；
通过常量类的值我们可以推测参数值越小优先级越高；

2.Ordered接口类

package org.springframework.core;

public interface Ordered {
    int HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE = -2147483648;
    int LOWEST_PRECEDENCE = 2147483647;

    int getOrder();
}

3.创建BlackPersion、YellowPersion类，这两个类都实现CommandLineRunner

实现CommandLineRunner接口的类会在Spring IOC容器加载完毕后执行，适合预加载类及其它资源；也可以使用ApplicationRunner,使用方法及效果是一样的

package com.yaomy.common.order;

import org.springframework.boot.CommandLineRunner;
import org.springframework.core.annotation.Order;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

/**
 * @Description: Description
 * @ProjectName: spring-parent
 * @Version: 1.0
 */
@Component
@Order(1)
public class BlackPersion implements CommandLineRunner {
    @Override
    public void run(String... args) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("----BlackPersion----");
    }
}

package com.yaomy.common.order;

import org.springframework.boot.CommandLineRunner;
import org.springframework.core.annotation.Order;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

/**
 * @Description: Description
 * @ProjectName: spring-parent
 * @Version: 1.0
 */
@Component
@Order(0)
public class YellowPersion implements CommandLineRunner {
    @Override
    public void run(String... args) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("----YellowPersion----");
    }
}

4.启动应用程序打印出结果

----YellowPersion----
----BlackPersion----

我们可以通过调整@Order的值来调整类执行顺序的优先级，即执行的先后；当然也可以将@Order注解更换为Ordered接口，效果是一样的

5.到这里可能会疑惑IOC容器是如何根据优先级值来先后执行程序的，那接下来看容器是如何加载component的

看如下的启动main方法

@SpringBootApplication
public class CommonBootStrap {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(CommonBootStrap.class, args);
    }
}

这个不用过多的解释，进入run方法…


    public ConfigurableApplicationContext run(String... args) {
        StopWatch stopWatch = new StopWatch();
        stopWatch.start();
        ConfigurableApplicationContext context = null;
        Collection<SpringBootExceptionReporter> exceptionReporters = new ArrayList();
        this.configureHeadlessProperty();
        SpringApplicationRunListeners listeners = this.getRunListeners(args);
        listeners.starting();

        Collection exceptionReporters;
        try {
            ApplicationArguments applicationArguments = new DefaultApplicationArguments(args);
            ConfigurableEnvironment environment = this.prepareEnvironment(listeners, applicationArguments);
            this.configureIgnoreBeanInfo(environment);
            Banner printedBanner = this.printBanner(environment);
            context = this.createApplicationContext();
            exceptionReporters = this.getSpringFactoriesInstances(SpringBootExceptionReporter.class, new Class[]{ConfigurableApplicationContext.class}, context);
            this.prepareContext(context, environment, listeners, applicationArguments, printedBanner);
            this.refreshContext(context);
            this.afterRefresh(context, applicationArguments);
            stopWatch.stop();
            if (this.logStartupInfo) {
                (new StartupInfoLogger(this.mainApplicationClass)).logStarted(this.getApplicationLog(), stopWatch);
            }

            listeners.started(context);
            //这里是重点，调用具体的执行方法
            this.callRunners(context, applicationArguments);
        } catch (Throwable var10) {
            this.handleRunFailure(context, var10, exceptionReporters, listeners);
            throw new IllegalStateException(var10);
        }

        try {
            listeners.running(context);
            return context;
        } catch (Throwable var9) {
            this.handleRunFailure(context, var9, exceptionReporters, (SpringApplicationRunListeners)null);
            throw new IllegalStateException(var9);
        }
    }
   private void callRunners(ApplicationContext context, ApplicationArguments args) {
        List<Object> runners = new ArrayList();
        runners.addAll(context.getBeansOfType(ApplicationRunner.class).values());
        runners.addAll(context.getBeansOfType(CommandLineRunner.class).values());
        //重点来了，按照定义的优先级顺序排序
        AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.sort(runners);
        Iterator var4 = (new LinkedHashSet(runners)).iterator();
        //循环调用具体方法
        while(var4.hasNext()) {
            Object runner = var4.next();
            if (runner instanceof ApplicationRunner) {
                this.callRunner((ApplicationRunner)runner, args);
            }

            if (runner instanceof CommandLineRunner) {
                this.callRunner((CommandLineRunner)runner, args);
            }
        }

    }

    private void callRunner(ApplicationRunner runner, ApplicationArguments args) {
        try {
            //执行方法
            runner.run(args);
        } catch (Exception var4) {
            throw new IllegalStateException("Failed to execute ApplicationRunner", var4);
        }
    }

    private void callRunner(CommandLineRunner runner, ApplicationArguments args) {
        try {
            //执行方法
            runner.run(args.getSourceArgs());
        } catch (Exception var4) {
            throw new IllegalStateException("Failed to execute CommandLineRunner", var4);
        }
    }