Manish Thapa, Ph.D.

This encyclopaedia provides an authoritative guide intended for students of all levels of studies, offering multidisciplinary insight and analysis of over 500 headwords covering the main concepts of Security and Non-traditional Security, and their relation to other scholarly fields and aspects of real-world issues in the contemporary geopolitical world.

The end of the Cold War and fundamental changes taking places in international system has altered the nature of armed conflicts. Since the late 1980s, the main threat to regional and global peace has not come from major inter-state confrontations, but from another source: internal conflicts, conflicts occurring within the borders of states. These internal conflicts often involve ethnic and cultural tensions, religious and tribal rivalries, as well as domestic power struggles for governance… Show more

The end of the Cold War and fundamental changes taking places in international system has altered the nature of armed conflicts. Since the late 1980s, the main threat to regional and global peace has not come from major inter-state confrontations, but from another source: internal conflicts, conflicts occurring within the borders of states. These internal conflicts often involve ethnic and cultural tensions, religious and tribal rivalries, as well as domestic power struggles for governance. Internal conflicts reflect fundamental clashes between peoples of different ethnic groups, different cultures, and even different civilizations. Distorted images, excessive fear and distrust, fundamental divergences on political, economic and religious values, which are products of centuries, are all in play. Most of the time, the absence of a clear battlefield and the involvement of multiple parties with uneven force make these situations even more problematic. Therefore, internal conflicts are rather difficult to manage and resolve.

Internal armed conflict has been a pervasive and apparently intractable problem in many developing countries and continues to be a major threat to their prospects for economic and social development. We have witnessed numerous civil wars, armed insurgencies, coups d’état, regional rebellions, and revolutions. In all, millions of people have been killed in these conflicts and tens of millions of people have been displaced. It impact substantially on economic development and the living conditions of local populations at the time of the conflict and for many years thereafter. Moreover, the involvement of external power in a competitive manner (especially during de-colonization as well as cold war) in several of these conflicts had negative consequences for domestic and regional security.
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Devoting itself to the study of India and its relation with the contemporary world, this book compares the cultural paradigms of India and Europe, studies the dynamics of India–Pakistan relations and India’s trade negotiations with the European Union, and analyses its reactive relationship with another emerging economy, China.

The aim of this paper is to explore the rivalry between India and China and how it impacts Nepal in geo-strategic and geo-political terms both theoretically, conceptually and empirically. The foreign policy rivalry between India and China appears not only to influence investment and trade decisions but also to penetrate issues related to stability, governance and political institutions.

This volume aims to examine the challenges in post conflict peace building efforts and the difficulties in building a sustainable peace in societies recently destabilized by internal armed conflicts. Various issues in post-conflict peace building efforts such as human rights issues, reconciliation, DDR, security sector reforms, education, natural resource management, regional dynamics etc are analysed with case studies from African, Asian and Latin American countries ravaged by internal armed… Show more

This volume aims to examine the challenges in post conflict peace building efforts and the difficulties in building a sustainable peace in societies recently destabilized by internal armed conflicts. Various issues in post-conflict peace building efforts such as human rights issues, reconciliation, DDR, security sector reforms, education, natural resource management, regional dynamics etc are analysed with case studies from African, Asian and Latin American countries ravaged by internal armed conflicts.

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Mainstreaming Peace Education in South Asia
Learning and Recommendations from Afghanistan, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka