Spring中Bean自动装配的几种方式_spring自动装配bean有哪几种方式-CSDN博客

本文深入解析Spring框架3.0及以后版本中Bean的自动装配机制，包括byName、byType、constructor等方式，并通过实例演示了如何在XML配置文件中设置autowire属性，实现不同类型的自动装配。

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Spring3.0以后的版本中，Bean自动装配的有以下几种方式：

autowire参数

byName 根据id/name
byType 根据类名
constructor 根据构造参数
no 人工指定（默认）

autodetect方法在3.0版本以后已被遗弃

根据id/name自动装配

新建AutowiredBean包，新建NameBean类、WireByNameBean类

新建autowiredBean.xml

新建单元测试AutowiredBeanTest

NameBean类

package AutowiredBean;

import java.text.MessageFormat;

public class NameBean {
    public void run() {
        System.out.println(MessageFormat.format("这是类：{0}", this.getClass()));
    }
}

WireByNameBean类

package AutowiredBean;

public class WireByNameBean {

    private NameBean nameBean;

    public void setNameBean(NameBean nameBean) {
        this.nameBean = nameBean;
    }

    public NameBean getNameBean() {
        return nameBean;
    }

    public void run() {
        nameBean.run();
        System.out.println("通过name自动装配类");
    }
}

XML配置

    <bean id="wireByNameBean" class="AutowiredBean.WireByNameBean" autowire="byName"/>
    <bean id="nameBean" class="AutowiredBean.NameBean"/>

单元测试

    @Test
    public void wireByNameTest() {
        ApplicationContext applicationContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("autowiredBean.xml");

        WireByNameBean wireByNameBean = applicationContext.getBean("wireByNameBean", WireByNameBean.class);

        wireByNameBean.run();
    }

根据type自动装配

新建TypeBean类、WireByTypeBean类

TypeBean类

package AutowiredBean;

import java.text.MessageFormat;

public class TypeBean {
    public void run(){
        System.out.println(MessageFormat.format("这是类：{0}",this.getClass()));
    }
}

WireByTypeBean类

package AutowiredBean;

public class WireByTypeBean {
    private TypeBean typeBean;

    public void setTypeBean(TypeBean typeBean) {
        this.typeBean = typeBean;
    }

    public TypeBean getTypeBean() {
        return typeBean;
    }

    public void run(){
        typeBean.run();
        System.out.println("通过type自动装配类");
    }
}

XML配置

    <bean id="wireByTypeBean" class="AutowiredBean.WireByTypeBean" autowire="byType"/>
    <bean class="AutowiredBean.TypeBean"/>

单元测试

    @Test
    public void wireByTypeTest() {
        ApplicationContext applicationContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("autowiredBean.xml");

        WireByTypeBean wireByTypeBean = applicationContext.getBean("wireByTypeBean", WireByTypeBean.class);

        wireByTypeBean.run();
    }

根据构造参数自动装配

新建ConstructBean类、WireByConstructBean类

ConstructBean类

package AutowiredBean;

import java.text.MessageFormat;

public class ConstructBean {
    ConstructBean(){
        System.out.println(MessageFormat.format("这是类初始化：{0}",this.getClass()));
    }

    public void run(){
        System.out.println(MessageFormat.format("这是类：{0}",this.getClass()));
    }
}

WireByConstructBean类

package AutowiredBean;

import java.text.MessageFormat;

public class WireByConstructBean {
    WireByConstructBean(ConstructBean constructBean){
        System.out.println(MessageFormat.format("这是类初始化：{0}",this.getClass()));
    }

    public void run(){
        System.out.println(MessageFormat.format("这是类：{0}",this.getClass()));
    }
}

XML配置

    <bean id="wireByConstructBean" class="AutowiredBean.WireByConstructBean" autowire="constructor"/>
    <bean id="constructBean" class="AutowiredBean.ConstructBean"/>

单元测试

    @Test
    public void wireByConstructTest() {
        ApplicationContext applicationContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("autowiredBean.xml");

        WireByConstructBean wireByConstructBean = applicationContext.getBean("wireByConstructBean", WireByConstructBean.class);

        wireByConstructBean.run();
    }

人工指定

新建ManualWireBean类

ManualWireBean类

package AutowiredBean;

import java.text.MessageFormat;

public class ManualWireBean {
    private NameBean nameBean;

    public ManualWireBean(ConstructBean constructBean) {
        constructBean.run();
    }

    public NameBean getNameBean() {
        return nameBean;
    }

    public void setNameBean(NameBean nameBean) {
        this.nameBean = nameBean;
    }

    public void run() {

        nameBean.run();

        System.out.println(MessageFormat.format("这是类：{0}", this.getClass()));
    }
}

XML配置

    <bean id="manualWireBean" class="AutowiredBean.ManualWireBean" autowire="no">
        <property name="nameBean" ref="nameBean"/>
        <constructor-arg name="constructBean" ref="constructBean"/>
    </bean>

单元测试

    @Test
    public void manualWireTest() {
        ApplicationContext applicationContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("autowiredBean.xml");

        ManualWireBean manualBean = applicationContext.getBean("manualWireBean", ManualWireBean.class);

        manualBean.run();
    }

源码下载

git@github.com:Angryshark128/Practice.git