Spring Cloud Security 2.2.1 是 Spring Cloud 生态中用于处理安全认证和授权的组件

Spring Cloud Security 2.2.1 是 Spring Cloud 生态中用于处理安全认证和授权的组件，基于 Spring Security 和 OAuth2 构建，主要用于微服务架构中的安全控制。以下是关于它的核心信息和使用要点：

核心功能

1. 集中式认证授权
   集成 OAuth2 和 OpenID Connect 实现分布式系统中的统一认证，支持授权服务器（Authorization Server）、资源服务器（Resource Server）角色分离。

2. 微服务安全集成
   与 Spring Cloud 其他组件（如 Eureka、Zuul、Gateway 等）无缝集成，保护服务间通信和外部请求。

3. 令牌管理
   支持 JWT（JSON Web Token）等令牌格式，实现无状态认证，减少服务间会话依赖。

4. 安全配置简化
   通过自动配置简化安全策略配置，如跨域（CORS）、CSRF 防护、角色权限控制等。

主要组件

• Spring Cloud Security OAuth2：提供 OAuth2 协议支持，包括授权服务器和资源服务器的实现。
• Spring Cloud Security Config：与配置中心集成，集中管理安全相关配置。
• Spring Cloud Security Gateway：与网关组件结合，在入口层统一处理认证授权。

基本使用步骤

1. 引入依赖（Maven）

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-security</artifactId>
    <version>2.2.1.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-oauth2</artifactId>
    <version>2.2.1.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>

2. 配置授权服务器

创建授权服务器，负责发放令牌：

@Configuration
@EnableAuthorizationServer
public class AuthServerConfig extends AuthorizationServerConfigurerAdapter {

    @Autowired
    private AuthenticationManager authenticationManager;

    @Override
    public void configure(ClientDetailsServiceConfigurer clients) throws Exception {
        clients.inMemory()
            .withClient("client-id")
            .secret(passwordEncoder().encode("client-secret"))
            .authorizedGrantTypes("password", "refresh_token")
            .scopes("read", "write")
            .accessTokenValiditySeconds(3600)
            .refreshTokenValiditySeconds(86400);
    }

    @Override
    public void configure(AuthorizationServerEndpointsConfigurer endpoints) {
        endpoints.authenticationManager(authenticationManager);
    }

    @Bean
    public PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder() {
        return new BCryptPasswordEncoder();
    }
}

3. 配置资源服务器

保护 API 资源，验证令牌有效性：

@Configuration
@EnableResourceServer
public class ResourceServerConfig extends ResourceServerConfigurerAdapter {

    @Override
    public void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
        http.authorizeRequests()
            .antMatchers("/public/**").permitAll()
            .anyRequest().authenticated();
    }
}

4. 配置安全规则（Spring Security）

@Configuration
@EnableWebSecurity
public class WebSecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {

    @Override
    protected void configure(AuthenticationManagerBuilder auth) throws Exception {
        auth.inMemoryAuthentication()
            .withUser("user")
            .password(passwordEncoder().encode("password"))
            .roles("USER");
    }

    @Bean
    @Override
    public AuthenticationManager authenticationManagerBean() throws Exception {
        return super.authenticationManagerBean();
    }

    @Bean
    public PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder() {
        return new BCryptPasswordEncoder();
    }
}

注意事项

1. 版本兼容性
   Spring Cloud Security 2.2.1 对应 Spring Boot 2.2.x 版本，需注意与其他 Spring Cloud 组件（如 Hoxton 版本）的兼容性。

2. 安全风险

   • 生产环境需避免使用内存存储（inMemory()），应改用数据库或 Redis 存储客户端信息和令牌。
   • 确保 JWT 密钥（signingKey）的安全性，避免硬编码。

3. 替代方案
   该版本已停止维护，推荐升级到 Spring Cloud Security 最新版本，或迁移到 Spring Authorization Server（Spring 官方推荐的 OAuth2 服务器实现）。

如需更详细的配置（如集成网关、服务间认证等），可参考 官方文档。
Spring Cloud Security 2.2.1
Spring Cloud Security offers a set of primitives for building secure applications and services with minimum fuss. A declarative model which can be heavily configured externally (or centrally) lends itself to the implementation of large systems of co-operating, remote components, usually with a central indentity management service. It is also extremely easy to use in a service platform like Cloud Foundry. Building on Spring Boot and Spring Security OAuth2 we can quickly create systems that implement common patterns like single sign on, token relay and token exchange.
Features

Spring Cloud Security features:

Relay SSO tokens from a front end to a back end service in a Zuul proxy

Relay tokens between resource servers

An interceptor to make a Feign client behave like OAuth2RestTemplate (fetching tokens etc.)

Configure downstream authentication in a Zuul proxy

Getting Started

If your app also has a Spring Cloud Zuul embedded reverse proxy (using @EnableZuulProxy) then you can ask it to forward OAuth2 access tokens downstream to the services it is proxying. Thus the SSO app above can be enhanced simply like this:

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableOAuth2Sso
@EnableZuulProxy
class Application {

}

and it will (in addition to logging the user in and grabbing a token) pass the authentication token downstream to the /proxy/* services. If those services are implemented with @EnableResourceServer then they will get a valid token in the correct header.