Note
Go to the end to download the full example code.
Hyperparameter tuning with Ray Tune¶
Created On: Aug 31, 2020 | Last Updated: Jun 24, 2025 | Last Verified: Nov 05, 2024
Hyperparameter tuning can make the difference between an average model and a highly accurate one. Often simple things like choosing a different learning rate or changing a network layer size can have a dramatic impact on your model performance.
Fortunately, there are tools that help with finding the best combination of parameters. Ray Tune is an industry standard tool for distributed hyperparameter tuning. Ray Tune includes the latest hyperparameter search algorithms, integrates with various analysis libraries, and natively supports distributed training through Ray’s distributed machine learning engine.
In this tutorial, we will show you how to integrate Ray Tune into your PyTorch training workflow. We will extend this tutorial from the PyTorch documentation for training a CIFAR10 image classifier.
As you will see, we only need to add some slight modifications. In particular, we need to
wrap data loading and training in functions,
make some network parameters configurable,
add checkpointing (optional),
and define the search space for the model tuning
To run this tutorial, please make sure the following packages are installed:
ray[tune]: Distributed hyperparameter tuning librarytorchvision: For the data transformers
Setup / Imports¶
Let’s start with the imports:
from functools import partial
import os
import tempfile
from pathlib import Path
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
import torch.nn.functional as F
import torch.optim as optim
from torch.utils.data import random_split
import torchvision
import torchvision.transforms as transforms
from ray import tune
from ray import train
from ray.train import Checkpoint, get_checkpoint
from ray.tune.schedulers import ASHAScheduler
import ray.cloudpickle as pickle
Most of the imports are needed for building the PyTorch model. Only the last imports are for Ray Tune.
Data loaders¶
We wrap the data loaders in their own function and pass a global data directory. This way we can share a data directory between different trials.
def load_data(data_dir="./data"):
transform = transforms.Compose(
[transforms.ToTensor(), transforms.Normalize((0.5, 0.5, 0.5), (0.5, 0.5, 0.5))]
)
trainset = torchvision.datasets.CIFAR10(
root=data_dir, train=True, download=True, transform=transform
)
testset = torchvision.datasets.CIFAR10(
root=data_dir, train=False, download=True, transform=transform
)
return trainset, testset
Configurable neural network¶
We can only tune those parameters that are configurable. In this example, we can specify the layer sizes of the fully connected layers:
class Net(nn.Module):
def __init__(self, l1=120, l2=84):
super(Net, self).__init__()
self.conv1 = nn.Conv2d(3, 6, 5)
self.pool = nn.MaxPool2d(2, 2)
self.conv2 = nn.Conv2d(6, 16, 5)
self.fc1 = nn.Linear(16 * 5 * 5, l1)
self.fc2 = nn.Linear(l1, l2)
self.fc3 = nn.Linear(l2, 10)
def forward(self, x):
x = self.pool(F.relu(self.conv1(x)))
x = self.pool(F.relu(self.conv2(x)))
x = torch.flatten(x, 1) # flatten all dimensions except batch
x = F.relu(self.fc1(x))
x = F.relu(self.fc2(x))
x = self.fc3(x)
return x
The train function¶
Now it gets interesting, because we introduce some changes to the example from the PyTorch documentation.
We wrap the training script in a function train_cifar(config, data_dir=None).
The config parameter will receive the hyperparameters we would like to
train with. The data_dir specifies the directory where we load and store the data,
so that multiple runs can share the same data source.
We also load the model and optimizer state at the start of the run, if a checkpoint
is provided. Further down in this tutorial you will find information on how
to save the checkpoint and what it is used for.
net = Net(config["l1"], config["l2"])
checkpoint = get_checkpoint()
if checkpoint:
with checkpoint.as_directory() as checkpoint_dir:
data_path = Path(checkpoint_dir) / "data.pkl"
with open(data_path, "rb") as fp:
checkpoint_state = pickle.load(fp)
start_epoch = checkpoint_state["epoch"]
net.load_state_dict(checkpoint_state["net_state_dict"])
optimizer.load_state_dict(checkpoint_state["optimizer_state_dict"])
else:
start_epoch = 0
The learning rate of the optimizer is made configurable, too:
optimizer = optim.SGD(net.parameters(), lr=config["lr"], momentum=0.9)
We also split the training data into a training and validation subset. We thus train on 80% of the data and calculate the validation loss on the remaining 20%. The batch sizes with which we iterate through the training and test sets are configurable as well.
Adding (multi) GPU support with DataParallel¶
Image classification benefits largely from GPUs. Luckily, we can continue to use
PyTorch’s abstractions in Ray Tune. Thus, we can wrap our model in nn.DataParallel
to support data parallel training on multiple GPUs:
device = "cpu"
if torch.cuda.is_available():
device = "cuda:0"
if torch.cuda.device_count() > 1:
net = nn.DataParallel(net)
net.to(device)
By using a device variable we make sure that training also works when we have
no GPUs available. PyTorch requires us to send our data to the GPU memory explicitly,
like this:
for i, data in enumerate(trainloader, 0):
inputs, labels = data
inputs, labels = inputs.to(device), labels.to(device)
The code now supports training on CPUs, on a single GPU, and on multiple GPUs. Notably, Ray also supports fractional GPUs so we can share GPUs among trials, as long as the model still fits on the GPU memory. We’ll come back to that later.
Communicating with Ray Tune¶
The most interesting part is the communication with Ray Tune:
checkpoint_data = {
"epoch": epoch,
"net_state_dict": net.state_dict(),
"optimizer_state_dict": optimizer.state_dict(),
}
with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as checkpoint_dir:
data_path = Path(checkpoint_dir) / "data.pkl"
with open(data_path, "wb") as fp:
pickle.dump(checkpoint_data, fp)
checkpoint = Checkpoint.from_directory(checkpoint_dir)
train.report(
{"loss": val_loss / val_steps, "accuracy": correct / total},
checkpoint=checkpoint,
)
Here we first save a checkpoint and then report some metrics back to Ray Tune. Specifically, we send the validation loss and accuracy back to Ray Tune. Ray Tune can then use these metrics to decide which hyperparameter configuration lead to the best results. These metrics can also be used to stop bad performing trials early in order to avoid wasting resources on those trials.
The checkpoint saving is optional, however, it is necessary if we wanted to use advanced schedulers like Population Based Training. Also, by saving the checkpoint we can later load the trained models and validate them on a test set. Lastly, saving checkpoints is useful for fault tolerance, and it allows us to interrupt training and continue training later.
Full training function¶
The full code example looks like this:
def train_cifar(config, data_dir=None):
net = Net(config["l1"], config["l2"])
device = "cpu"
if torch.cuda.is_available():
device = "cuda:0"
if torch.cuda.device_count() > 1:
net = nn.DataParallel(net)
net.to(device)
criterion = nn.CrossEntropyLoss()
optimizer = optim.SGD(net.parameters(), lr=config["lr"], momentum=0.9)
checkpoint = get_checkpoint()
if checkpoint:
with checkpoint.as_directory() as checkpoint_dir:
data_path = Path(checkpoint_dir) / "data.pkl"
with open(data_path, "rb") as fp:
checkpoint_state = pickle.load(fp)
start_epoch = checkpoint_state["epoch"]
net.load_state_dict(checkpoint_state["net_state_dict"])
optimizer.load_state_dict(checkpoint_state["optimizer_state_dict"])
else:
start_epoch = 0
trainset, testset = load_data(data_dir)
test_abs = int(len(trainset) * 0.8)
train_subset, val_subset = random_split(
trainset, [test_abs, len(trainset) - test_abs]
)
trainloader = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(
train_subset, batch_size=int(config["batch_size"]), shuffle=True, num_workers=8
)
valloader = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(
val_subset, batch_size=int(config["batch_size"]), shuffle=True, num_workers=8
)
for epoch in range(start_epoch, 10): # loop over the dataset multiple times
running_loss = 0.0
epoch_steps = 0
for i, data in enumerate(trainloader, 0):
# get the inputs; data is a list of [inputs, labels]
inputs, labels = data
inputs, labels = inputs.to(device), labels.to(device)
# zero the parameter gradients
optimizer.zero_grad()
# forward + backward + optimize
outputs = net(inputs)
loss = criterion(outputs, labels)
loss.backward()
optimizer.step()
# print statistics
running_loss += loss.item()
epoch_steps += 1
if i % 2000 == 1999: # print every 2000 mini-batches
print(
"[%d, %5d] loss: %.3f"
% (epoch + 1, i + 1, running_loss / epoch_steps)
)
running_loss = 0.0
# Validation loss
val_loss = 0.0
val_steps = 0
total = 0
correct = 0
for i, data in enumerate(valloader, 0):
with torch.no_grad():
inputs, labels = data
inputs, labels = inputs.to(device), labels.to(device)
outputs = net(inputs)
_, predicted = torch.max(outputs.data, 1)
total += labels.size(0)
correct += (predicted == labels).sum().item()
loss = criterion(outputs, labels)
val_loss += loss.cpu().numpy()
val_steps += 1
checkpoint_data = {
"epoch": epoch,
"net_state_dict": net.state_dict(),
"optimizer_state_dict": optimizer.state_dict(),
}
with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as checkpoint_dir:
data_path = Path(checkpoint_dir) / "data.pkl"
with open(data_path, "wb") as fp:
pickle.dump(checkpoint_data, fp)
checkpoint = Checkpoint.from_directory(checkpoint_dir)
train.report(
{"loss": val_loss / val_steps, "accuracy": correct / total},
checkpoint=checkpoint,
)
print("Finished Training")
As you can see, most of the code is adapted directly from the original example.
Test set accuracy¶
Commonly the performance of a machine learning model is tested on a hold-out test set with data that has not been used for training the model. We also wrap this in a function:
def test_accuracy(net, device="cpu"):
trainset, testset = load_data()
testloader = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(
testset, batch_size=4, shuffle=False, num_workers=2
)
correct = 0
total = 0
with torch.no_grad():
for data in testloader:
images, labels = data
images, labels = images.to(device), labels.to(device)
outputs = net(images)
_, predicted = torch.max(outputs.data, 1)
total += labels.size(0)
correct += (predicted == labels).sum().item()
return correct / total
The function also expects a device parameter, so we can do the
test set validation on a GPU.
Configuring the search space¶
Lastly, we need to define Ray Tune’s search space. Here is an example:
config = {
"l1": tune.choice([2 ** i for i in range(9)]),
"l2": tune.choice([2 ** i for i in range(9)]),
"lr": tune.loguniform(1e-4, 1e-1),
"batch_size": tune.choice([2, 4, 8, 16])
}
The tune.choice() accepts a list of values that are uniformly sampled from.
In this example, the l1 and l2 parameters
should be powers of 2 between 4 and 256, so either 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, or 256.
The lr (learning rate) should be uniformly sampled between 0.0001 and 0.1. Lastly,
the batch size is a choice between 2, 4, 8, and 16.
At each trial, Ray Tune will now randomly sample a combination of parameters from these
search spaces. It will then train a number of models in parallel and find the best
performing one among these. We also use the ASHAScheduler which will terminate bad
performing trials early.
We wrap the train_cifar function with functools.partial to set the constant
data_dir parameter. We can also tell Ray Tune what resources should be
available for each trial:
gpus_per_trial = 2
# ...
result = tune.run(
partial(train_cifar, data_dir=data_dir),
resources_per_trial={"cpu": 8, "gpu": gpus_per_trial},
config=config,
num_samples=num_samples,
scheduler=scheduler,
checkpoint_at_end=True)
You can specify the number of CPUs, which are then available e.g.
to increase the num_workers of the PyTorch DataLoader instances. The selected
number of GPUs are made visible to PyTorch in each trial. Trials do not have access to
GPUs that haven’t been requested for them - so you don’t have to care about two trials
using the same set of resources.
Here we can also specify fractional GPUs, so something like gpus_per_trial=0.5 is
completely valid. The trials will then share GPUs among each other.
You just have to make sure that the models still fit in the GPU memory.
After training the models, we will find the best performing one and load the trained network from the checkpoint file. We then obtain the test set accuracy and report everything by printing.
The full main function looks like this:
def main(num_samples=10, max_num_epochs=10, gpus_per_trial=2):
data_dir = os.path.abspath("./data")
load_data(data_dir)
config = {
"l1": tune.choice([2**i for i in range(9)]),
"l2": tune.choice([2**i for i in range(9)]),
"lr": tune.loguniform(1e-4, 1e-1),
"batch_size": tune.choice([2, 4, 8, 16]),
}
scheduler = ASHAScheduler(
metric="loss",
mode="min",
max_t=max_num_epochs,
grace_period=1,
reduction_factor=2,
)
result = tune.run(
partial(train_cifar, data_dir=data_dir),
resources_per_trial={"cpu": 2, "gpu": gpus_per_trial},
config=config,
num_samples=num_samples,
scheduler=scheduler,
)
best_trial = result.get_best_trial("loss", "min", "last")
print(f"Best trial config: {best_trial.config}")
print(f"Best trial final validation loss: {best_trial.last_result['loss']}")
print(f"Best trial final validation accuracy: {best_trial.last_result['accuracy']}")
best_trained_model = Net(best_trial.config["l1"], best_trial.config["l2"])
device = "cpu"
if torch.cuda.is_available():
device = "cuda:0"
if gpus_per_trial > 1:
best_trained_model = nn.DataParallel(best_trained_model)
best_trained_model.to(device)
best_checkpoint = result.get_best_checkpoint(trial=best_trial, metric="accuracy", mode="max")
with best_checkpoint.as_directory() as checkpoint_dir:
data_path = Path(checkpoint_dir) / "data.pkl"
with open(data_path, "rb") as fp:
best_checkpoint_data = pickle.load(fp)
best_trained_model.load_state_dict(best_checkpoint_data["net_state_dict"])
test_acc = test_accuracy(best_trained_model, device)
print("Best trial test set accuracy: {}".format(test_acc))
if __name__ == "__main__":
# You can change the number of GPUs per trial here:
main(num_samples=10, max_num_epochs=10, gpus_per_trial=0)
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2025-07-11 15:39:40,691 WARNING services.py:1889 -- WARNING: The object store is using /tmp instead of /dev/shm because /dev/shm has only 2147467264 bytes available. This will harm performance! You may be able to free up space by deleting files in /dev/shm. If you are inside a Docker container, you can increase /dev/shm size by passing '--shm-size=10.24gb' to 'docker run' (or add it to the run_options list in a Ray cluster config). Make sure to set this to more than 30% of available RAM.
2025-07-11 15:39:40,851 INFO worker.py:1642 -- Started a local Ray instance.
2025-07-11 15:39:41,759 INFO tune.py:228 -- Initializing Ray automatically. For cluster usage or custom Ray initialization, call `ray.init(...)` before `tune.run(...)`.
2025-07-11 15:39:41,761 INFO tune.py:654 -- [output] This will use the new output engine with verbosity 2. To disable the new output and use the legacy output engine, set the environment variable RAY_AIR_NEW_OUTPUT=0. For more information, please see https://github.com/ray-project/ray/issues/36949
╭────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╮
│ Configuration for experiment train_cifar_2025-07-11_15-39-41 │
├────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ Search algorithm BasicVariantGenerator │
│ Scheduler AsyncHyperBandScheduler │
│ Number of trials 10 │
╰────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╯
View detailed results here: /var/lib/ci-user/ray_results/train_cifar_2025-07-11_15-39-41
To visualize your results with TensorBoard, run: `tensorboard --logdir /var/lib/ci-user/ray_results/train_cifar_2025-07-11_15-39-41`
Trial status: 10 PENDING
Current time: 2025-07-11 15:39:42. Total running time: 0s
Logical resource usage: 14.0/16 CPUs, 0/1 GPUs (0.0/1.0 accelerator_type:A10G)
╭───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╮
│ Trial name status l1 l2 lr batch_size │
├───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ train_cifar_430ba_00000 PENDING 128 8 0.0185876 16 │
│ train_cifar_430ba_00001 PENDING 128 4 0.00907074 16 │
│ train_cifar_430ba_00002 PENDING 16 16 0.0074324 2 │
│ train_cifar_430ba_00003 PENDING 2 2 0.00178519 8 │
│ train_cifar_430ba_00004 PENDING 256 16 0.00102393 8 │
│ train_cifar_430ba_00005 PENDING 128 32 0.00141121 16 │
│ train_cifar_430ba_00006 PENDING 8 4 0.00267683 2 │
│ train_cifar_430ba_00007 PENDING 1 256 0.00152993 2 │
│ train_cifar_430ba_00008 PENDING 128 32 0.000332704 4 │
│ train_cifar_430ba_00009 PENDING 128 256 0.0927044 8 │
╰───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╯
Trial train_cifar_430ba_00000 started with configuration:
╭──────────────────────────────────────────────────╮
│ Trial train_cifar_430ba_00000 config │
├──────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ batch_size 16 │
│ l1 128 │
│ l2 8 │
│ lr 0.01859 │
╰──────────────────────────────────────────────────╯
Trial train_cifar_430ba_00006 started with configuration:
╭──────────────────────────────────────────────────╮
│ Trial train_cifar_430ba_00006 config │
├──────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ batch_size 2 │
│ l1 8 │
│ l2 4 │
│ lr 0.00268 │
╰──────────────────────────────────────────────────╯
Trial train_cifar_430ba_00002 started with configuration:
╭──────────────────────────────────────────────────╮
│ Trial train_cifar_430ba_00002 config │
├──────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ batch_size 2 │
│ l1 16 │
│ l2 16 │
│ lr 0.00743 │
╰──────────────────────────────────────────────────╯
Trial train_cifar_430ba_00005 started with configuration:
╭──────────────────────────────────────────────────╮
│ Trial train_cifar_430ba_00005 config │
├──────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ batch_size 16 │
│ l1 128 │
│ l2 32 │
│ lr 0.00141 │
╰──────────────────────────────────────────────────╯
Trial train_cifar_430ba_00007 started with configuration:
╭──────────────────────────────────────────────────╮
│ Trial train_cifar_430ba_00007 config │
├──────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ batch_size 2 │
│ l1 1 │
│ l2 256 │
│ lr 0.00153 │
╰──────────────────────────────────────────────────╯
Trial train_cifar_430ba_00001 started with configuration:
╭──────────────────────────────────────────────────╮
│ Trial train_cifar_430ba_00001 config │
├──────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ batch_size 16 │
│ l1 128 │
│ l2 4 │
│ lr 0.00907 │
╰──────────────────────────────────────────────────╯
Trial train_cifar_430ba_00004 started with configuration:
╭──────────────────────────────────────────────────╮
│ Trial train_cifar_430ba_00004 config │
├──────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ batch_size 8 │
│ l1 256 │
│ l2 16 │
│ lr 0.00102 │
╰──────────────────────────────────────────────────╯
Trial train_cifar_430ba_00003 started with configuration:
╭──────────────────────────────────────────────────╮
│ Trial train_cifar_430ba_00003 config │
├──────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ batch_size 8 │
│ l1 2 │
│ l2 2 │
│ lr 0.00179 │
╰──────────────────────────────────────────────────╯
(func pid=4135) [1, 2000] loss: 2.221
Trial status: 8 RUNNING | 2 PENDING
Current time: 2025-07-11 15:40:12. Total running time: 30s
Logical resource usage: 16.0/16 CPUs, 0/1 GPUs (0.0/1.0 accelerator_type:A10G)
╭───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╮
│ Trial name status l1 l2 lr batch_size │
├───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ train_cifar_430ba_00000 RUNNING 128 8 0.0185876 16 │
│ train_cifar_430ba_00001 RUNNING 128 4 0.00907074 16 │
│ train_cifar_430ba_00002 RUNNING 16 16 0.0074324 2 │
│ train_cifar_430ba_00003 RUNNING 2 2 0.00178519 8 │
│ train_cifar_430ba_00004 RUNNING 256 16 0.00102393 8 │
│ train_cifar_430ba_00005 RUNNING 128 32 0.00141121 16 │
│ train_cifar_430ba_00006 RUNNING 8 4 0.00267683 2 │
│ train_cifar_430ba_00007 RUNNING 1 256 0.00152993 2 │
│ train_cifar_430ba_00008 PENDING 128 32 0.000332704 4 │
│ train_cifar_430ba_00009 PENDING 128 256 0.0927044 8 │
╰───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╯
(func pid=4135) [1, 4000] loss: 1.150 [repeated 8x across cluster] (Ray deduplicates logs by default. Set RAY_DEDUP_LOGS=0 to disable log deduplication, or see https://docs.ray.io/en/master/ray-observability/ray-logging.html#log-deduplication for more options.)
Trial train_cifar_430ba_00005 finished iteration 1 at 2025-07-11 15:40:13. Total running time: 31s
╭────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╮
│ Trial train_cifar_430ba_00005 result │
├────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ checkpoint_dir_name checkpoint_000000 │
│ time_this_iter_s 26.67855 │
│ time_total_s 26.67855 │
│ training_iteration 1 │
│ accuracy 0.3677 │
│ loss 1.69855 │
╰────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╯
Trial train_cifar_430ba_00005 saved a checkpoint for iteration 1 at: (local)/var/lib/ci-user/ray_results/train_cifar_2025-07-11_15-39-41/train_cifar_430ba_00005_5_batch_size=16,l1=128,l2=32,lr=0.0014_2025-07-11_15-39-41/checkpoint_000000
(func pid=4138) Checkpoint successfully created at: Checkpoint(filesystem=local, path=/var/lib/ci-user/ray_results/train_cifar_2025-07-11_15-39-41/train_cifar_430ba_00005_5_batch_size=16,l1=128,l2=32,lr=0.0014_2025-07-11_15-39-41/checkpoint_000000)
Trial train_cifar_430ba_00000 finished iteration 1 at 2025-07-11 15:40:13. Total running time: 31s
╭────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╮
│ Trial train_cifar_430ba_00000 result │
├────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ checkpoint_dir_name checkpoint_000000 │
│ time_this_iter_s 27.05197 │
│ time_total_s 27.05197 │
│ training_iteration 1 │
│ accuracy 0.3591 │
│ loss 1.70956 │
╰────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╯
Trial train_cifar_430ba_00000 saved a checkpoint for iteration 1 at: (local)/var/lib/ci-user/ray_results/train_cifar_2025-07-11_15-39-41/train_cifar_430ba_00000_0_batch_size=16,l1=128,l2=8,lr=0.0186_2025-07-11_15-39-41/checkpoint_000000
Trial train_cifar_430ba_00000 completed after 1 iterations at 2025-07-11 15:40:13. Total running time: 31s
Trial train_cifar_430ba_00008 started with configuration:
╭──────────────────────────────────────────────────╮
│ Trial train_cifar_430ba_00008 config │
├──────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ batch_size 4 │
│ l1 128 │
│ l2 32 │
│ lr 0.00033 │
╰──────────────────────────────────────────────────╯
Trial train_cifar_430ba_00001 finished iteration 1 at 2025-07-11 15:40:13. Total running time: 32s
╭────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╮
│ Trial train_cifar_430ba_00001 result │
├────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ checkpoint_dir_name checkpoint_000000 │
│ time_this_iter_s 27.06982 │
│ time_total_s 27.06982 │
│ training_iteration 1 │
│ accuracy 0.424 │
│ loss 1.54663 │
╰────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╯
Trial train_cifar_430ba_00001 saved a checkpoint for iteration 1 at: (local)/var/lib/ci-user/ray_results/train_cifar_2025-07-11_15-39-41/train_cifar_430ba_00001_1_batch_size=16,l1=128,l2=4,lr=0.0091_2025-07-11_15-39-41/checkpoint_000000
(func pid=4135) [1, 6000] loss: 0.771 [repeated 5x across cluster]
(func pid=4129) [1, 2000] loss: 2.304 [repeated 3x across cluster]
Trial train_cifar_430ba_00003 finished iteration 1 at 2025-07-11 15:40:30. Total running time: 48s
╭────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╮
│ Trial train_cifar_430ba_00003 result │
├────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ checkpoint_dir_name checkpoint_000000 │
│ time_this_iter_s 43.34769 │
│ time_total_s 43.34769 │
│ training_iteration 1 │
│ accuracy 0.2112 │
│ loss 1.98013 │
╰────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╯
Trial train_cifar_430ba_00003 saved a checkpoint for iteration 1 at: (local)/var/lib/ci-user/ray_results/train_cifar_2025-07-11_15-39-41/train_cifar_430ba_00003_3_batch_size=8,l1=2,l2=2,lr=0.0018_2025-07-11_15-39-41/checkpoint_000000
Trial train_cifar_430ba_00003 completed after 1 iterations at 2025-07-11 15:40:30. Total running time: 48s
(func pid=4136) Checkpoint successfully created at: Checkpoint(filesystem=local, path=/var/lib/ci-user/ray_results/train_cifar_2025-07-11_15-39-41/train_cifar_430ba_00003_3_batch_size=8,l1=2,l2=2,lr=0.0018_2025-07-11_15-39-41/checkpoint_000000) [repeated 3x across cluster]
Trial train_cifar_430ba_00009 started with configuration:
╭─────────────────────────────────────────────────╮
│ Trial train_cifar_430ba_00009 config │
├─────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ batch_size 8 │
│ l1 128 │
│ l2 256 │
│ lr 0.0927 │
╰─────────────────────────────────────────────────╯
Trial train_cifar_430ba_00004 finished iteration 1 at 2025-07-11 15:40:31. Total running time: 49s
╭────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╮
│ Trial train_cifar_430ba_00004 result │
├────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ checkpoint_dir_name checkpoint_000000 │
│ time_this_iter_s 44.36084 │
│ time_total_s 44.36084 │
│ training_iteration 1 │
│ accuracy 0.416 │
│ loss 1.57106 │
╰────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╯
Trial train_cifar_430ba_00004 saved a checkpoint for iteration 1 at: (local)/var/lib/ci-user/ray_results/train_cifar_2025-07-11_15-39-41/train_cifar_430ba_00004_4_batch_size=8,l1=256,l2=16,lr=0.0010_2025-07-11_15-39-41/checkpoint_000000
(func pid=4135) [1, 8000] loss: 0.577 [repeated 3x across cluster]
Trial train_cifar_430ba_00005 finished iteration 2 at 2025-07-11 15:40:36. Total running time: 54s
╭────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╮
│ Trial train_cifar_430ba_00005 result │
├────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ checkpoint_dir_name checkpoint_000001 │
│ time_this_iter_s 23.08139 │
│ time_total_s 49.75994 │
│ training_iteration 2 │
│ accuracy 0.4504 │
│ loss 1.48402 │
╰────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╯
Trial train_cifar_430ba_00005 saved a checkpoint for iteration 2 at: (local)/var/lib/ci-user/ray_results/train_cifar_2025-07-11_15-39-41/train_cifar_430ba_00005_5_batch_size=16,l1=128,l2=32,lr=0.0014_2025-07-11_15-39-41/checkpoint_000001
(func pid=4138) Checkpoint successfully created at: Checkpoint(filesystem=local, path=/var/lib/ci-user/ray_results/train_cifar_2025-07-11_15-39-41/train_cifar_430ba_00005_5_batch_size=16,l1=128,l2=32,lr=0.0014_2025-07-11_15-39-41/checkpoint_000001) [repeated 2x across cluster]
Trial train_cifar_430ba_00001 finished iteration 2 at 2025-07-11 15:40:37. Total running time: 56s
╭────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╮
│ Trial train_cifar_430ba_00001 result │
├────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ checkpoint_dir_name checkpoint_000001 │
│ time_this_iter_s 24.07788 │
│ time_total_s 51.1477 │
│ training_iteration 2 │
│ accuracy 0.454 │
│ loss 1.53968 │
╰────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╯
Trial train_cifar_430ba_00001 saved a checkpoint for iteration 2 at: (local)/var/lib/ci-user/ray_results/train_cifar_2025-07-11_15-39-41/train_cifar_430ba_00001_1_batch_size=16,l1=128,l2=4,lr=0.0091_2025-07-11_15-39-41/checkpoint_000001
Trial train_cifar_430ba_00001 completed after 2 iterations at 2025-07-11 15:40:37. Total running time: 56s
(func pid=4129) [1, 4000] loss: 1.140 [repeated 3x across cluster]
Trial status: 3 TERMINATED | 7 RUNNING
Current time: 2025-07-11 15:40:42. Total running time: 1min 0s
Logical resource usage: 14.0/16 CPUs, 0/1 GPUs (0.0/1.0 accelerator_type:A10G)
╭────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╮
│ Trial name status l1 l2 lr batch_size iter total time (s) loss accuracy │
├────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ train_cifar_430ba_00002 RUNNING 16 16 0.0074324 2 │
│ train_cifar_430ba_00004 RUNNING 256 16 0.00102393 8 1 44.3608 1.57106 0.416 │
│ train_cifar_430ba_00005 RUNNING 128 32 0.00141121 16 2 49.7599 1.48402 0.4504 │
│ train_cifar_430ba_00006 RUNNING 8 4 0.00267683 2 │
│ train_cifar_430ba_00007 RUNNING 1 256 0.00152993 2 │
│ train_cifar_430ba_00008 RUNNING 128 32 0.000332704 4 │
│ train_cifar_430ba_00009 RUNNING 128 256 0.0927044 8 │
│ train_cifar_430ba_00000 TERMINATED 128 8 0.0185876 16 1 27.052 1.70956 0.3591 │
│ train_cifar_430ba_00001 TERMINATED 128 4 0.00907074 16 2 51.1477 1.53968 0.454 │
│ train_cifar_430ba_00003 TERMINATED 2 2 0.00178519 8 1 43.3477 1.98013 0.2112 │
╰────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╯
(func pid=4137) [2, 2000] loss: 1.524 [repeated 4x across cluster]
(func pid=4138) [3, 2000] loss: 1.424 [repeated 3x across cluster]
(func pid=4137) [2, 4000] loss: 0.725 [repeated 4x across cluster]
Trial train_cifar_430ba_00005 finished iteration 3 at 2025-07-11 15:40:57. Total running time: 1min 15s
╭────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╮
│ Trial train_cifar_430ba_00005 result │
├────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ checkpoint_dir_name checkpoint_000002 │
│ time_this_iter_s 20.97663 │
│ time_total_s 70.73657 │
│ training_iteration 3 │
│ accuracy 0.5048 │
│ loss 1.3775 │
╰────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╯
Trial train_cifar_430ba_00005 saved a checkpoint for iteration 3 at: (local)/var/lib/ci-user/ray_results/train_cifar_2025-07-11_15-39-41/train_cifar_430ba_00005_5_batch_size=16,l1=128,l2=32,lr=0.0014_2025-07-11_15-39-41/checkpoint_000002
(func pid=4138) Checkpoint successfully created at: Checkpoint(filesystem=local, path=/var/lib/ci-user/ray_results/train_cifar_2025-07-11_15-39-41/train_cifar_430ba_00005_5_batch_size=16,l1=128,l2=32,lr=0.0014_2025-07-11_15-39-41/checkpoint_000002) [repeated 2x across cluster]
(func pid=4140) [1, 14000] loss: 0.296 [repeated 4x across cluster]
Trial train_cifar_430ba_00004 finished iteration 2 at 2025-07-11 15:41:08. Total running time: 1min 26s
╭────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╮
│ Trial train_cifar_430ba_00004 result │
├────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ checkpoint_dir_name checkpoint_000001 │
│ time_this_iter_s 37.22046 │
│ time_total_s 81.5813 │
│ training_iteration 2 │
│ accuracy 0.5206 │
│ loss 1.34881 │
╰────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╯
Trial train_cifar_430ba_00004 saved a checkpoint for iteration 2 at: (local)/var/lib/ci-user/ray_results/train_cifar_2025-07-11_15-39-41/train_cifar_430ba_00004_4_batch_size=8,l1=256,l2=16,lr=0.0010_2025-07-11_15-39-41/checkpoint_000001
(func pid=4137) Checkpoint successfully created at: Checkpoint(filesystem=local, path=/var/lib/ci-user/ray_results/train_cifar_2025-07-11_15-39-41/train_cifar_430ba_00004_4_batch_size=8,l1=256,l2=16,lr=0.0010_2025-07-11_15-39-41/checkpoint_000001)
Trial train_cifar_430ba_00009 finished iteration 1 at 2025-07-11 15:41:09. Total running time: 1min 27s
╭────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╮
│ Trial train_cifar_430ba_00009 result │
├────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ checkpoint_dir_name checkpoint_000000 │
│ time_this_iter_s 38.83908 │
│ time_total_s 38.83908 │
│ training_iteration 1 │
│ accuracy 0.0979 │
│ loss 2.33268 │
╰────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╯
Trial train_cifar_430ba_00009 saved a checkpoint for iteration 1 at: (local)/var/lib/ci-user/ray_results/train_cifar_2025-07-11_15-39-41/train_cifar_430ba_00009_9_batch_size=8,l1=128,l2=256,lr=0.0927_2025-07-11_15-39-41/checkpoint_000000
Trial train_cifar_430ba_00009 completed after 1 iterations at 2025-07-11 15:41:09. Total running time: 1min 27s
(func pid=4136) Checkpoint successfully created at: Checkpoint(filesystem=local, path=/var/lib/ci-user/ray_results/train_cifar_2025-07-11_15-39-41/train_cifar_430ba_00009_9_batch_size=8,l1=128,l2=256,lr=0.0927_2025-07-11_15-39-41/checkpoint_000000)
(func pid=4129) [1, 10000] loss: 0.351 [repeated 2x across cluster]
Trial status: 4 TERMINATED | 6 RUNNING
Current time: 2025-07-11 15:41:12. Total running time: 1min 30s
Logical resource usage: 12.0/16 CPUs, 0/1 GPUs (0.0/1.0 accelerator_type:A10G)
╭────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╮
│ Trial name status l1 l2 lr batch_size iter total time (s) loss accuracy │
├────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ train_cifar_430ba_00002 RUNNING 16 16 0.0074324 2 │
│ train_cifar_430ba_00004 RUNNING 256 16 0.00102393 8 2 81.5813 1.34881 0.5206 │
│ train_cifar_430ba_00005 RUNNING 128 32 0.00141121 16 3 70.7366 1.3775 0.5048 │
│ train_cifar_430ba_00006 RUNNING 8 4 0.00267683 2 │
│ train_cifar_430ba_00007 RUNNING 1 256 0.00152993 2 │
│ train_cifar_430ba_00008 RUNNING 128 32 0.000332704 4 │
│ train_cifar_430ba_00000 TERMINATED 128 8 0.0185876 16 1 27.052 1.70956 0.3591 │
│ train_cifar_430ba_00001 TERMINATED 128 4 0.00907074 16 2 51.1477 1.53968 0.454 │
│ train_cifar_430ba_00003 TERMINATED 2 2 0.00178519 8 1 43.3477 1.98013 0.2112 │
│ train_cifar_430ba_00009 TERMINATED 128 256 0.0927044 8 1 38.8391 2.33268 0.0979 │
╰────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╯
Trial train_cifar_430ba_00005 finished iteration 4 at 2025-07-11 15:41:16. Total running time: 1min 34s
╭────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╮
│ Trial train_cifar_430ba_00005 result │
├────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ checkpoint_dir_name checkpoint_000003 │
│ time_this_iter_s 18.8916 │
│ time_total_s 89.62817 │
│ training_iteration 4 │
│ accuracy 0.5276 │
│ loss 1.33823 │
╰────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╯
Trial train_cifar_430ba_00005 saved a checkpoint for iteration 4 at: (local)/var/lib/ci-user/ray_results/train_cifar_2025-07-11_15-39-41/train_cifar_430ba_00005_5_batch_size=16,l1=128,l2=32,lr=0.0014_2025-07-11_15-39-41/checkpoint_000003
(func pid=4138) Checkpoint successfully created at: Checkpoint(filesystem=local, path=/var/lib/ci-user/ray_results/train_cifar_2025-07-11_15-39-41/train_cifar_430ba_00005_5_batch_size=16,l1=128,l2=32,lr=0.0014_2025-07-11_15-39-41/checkpoint_000003)
(func pid=4135) [1, 18000] loss: 0.257 [repeated 5x across cluster]
Trial train_cifar_430ba_00008 finished iteration 1 at 2025-07-11 15:41:19. Total running time: 1min 37s
╭────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╮
│ Trial train_cifar_430ba_00008 result │
├────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ checkpoint_dir_name checkpoint_000000 │
│ time_this_iter_s 65.81642 │
│ time_total_s 65.81642 │
│ training_iteration 1 │
│ accuracy 0.3552 │
│ loss 1.7506 │
╰────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╯
Trial train_cifar_430ba_00008 saved a checkpoint for iteration 1 at: (local)/var/lib/ci-user/ray_results/train_cifar_2025-07-11_15-39-41/train_cifar_430ba_00008_8_batch_size=4,l1=128,l2=32,lr=0.0003_2025-07-11_15-39-41/checkpoint_000000
Trial train_cifar_430ba_00008 completed after 1 iterations at 2025-07-11 15:41:19. Total running time: 1min 37s
(func pid=4129) Checkpoint successfully created at: Checkpoint(filesystem=local, path=/var/lib/ci-user/ray_results/train_cifar_2025-07-11_15-39-41/train_cifar_430ba_00008_8_batch_size=4,l1=128,l2=32,lr=0.0003_2025-07-11_15-39-41/checkpoint_000000)
(func pid=4135) [1, 20000] loss: 0.231 [repeated 4x across cluster]
Trial train_cifar_430ba_00005 finished iteration 5 at 2025-07-11 15:41:32. Total running time: 1min 50s
╭────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╮
│ Trial train_cifar_430ba_00005 result │
├────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ checkpoint_dir_name checkpoint_000004 │
│ time_this_iter_s 16.22784 │
│ time_total_s 105.85601 │
│ training_iteration 5 │
│ accuracy 0.5713 │
│ loss 1.21133 │
╰────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╯
Trial train_cifar_430ba_00005 saved a checkpoint for iteration 5 at: (local)/var/lib/ci-user/ray_results/train_cifar_2025-07-11_15-39-41/train_cifar_430ba_00005_5_batch_size=16,l1=128,l2=32,lr=0.0014_2025-07-11_15-39-41/checkpoint_000004
(func pid=4138) Checkpoint successfully created at: Checkpoint(filesystem=local, path=/var/lib/ci-user/ray_results/train_cifar_2025-07-11_15-39-41/train_cifar_430ba_00005_5_batch_size=16,l1=128,l2=32,lr=0.0014_2025-07-11_15-39-41/checkpoint_000004)
Trial train_cifar_430ba_00004 finished iteration 3 at 2025-07-11 15:41:37. Total running time: 1min 56s
╭────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╮
│ Trial train_cifar_430ba_00004 result │
├────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ checkpoint_dir_name checkpoint_000002 │
│ time_this_iter_s 29.34997 │
│ time_total_s 110.93126 │
│ training_iteration 3 │
│ accuracy 0.5471 │
│ loss 1.28229 │
╰────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╯
Trial train_cifar_430ba_00004 saved a checkpoint for iteration 3 at: (local)/var/lib/ci-user/ray_results/train_cifar_2025-07-11_15-39-41/train_cifar_430ba_00004_4_batch_size=8,l1=256,l2=16,lr=0.0010_2025-07-11_15-39-41/checkpoint_000002
(func pid=4137) Checkpoint successfully created at: Checkpoint(filesystem=local, path=/var/lib/ci-user/ray_results/train_cifar_2025-07-11_15-39-41/train_cifar_430ba_00004_4_batch_size=8,l1=256,l2=16,lr=0.0010_2025-07-11_15-39-41/checkpoint_000002)
Trial train_cifar_430ba_00002 finished iteration 1 at 2025-07-11 15:41:38. Total running time: 1min 57s
╭────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╮
│ Trial train_cifar_430ba_00002 result │
├────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ checkpoint_dir_name checkpoint_000000 │
│ time_this_iter_s 112.28322 │
│ time_total_s 112.28322 │
│ training_iteration 1 │
│ accuracy 0.1014 │
│ loss 2.31595 │
╰────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╯
Trial train_cifar_430ba_00002 saved a checkpoint for iteration 1 at: (local)/var/lib/ci-user/ray_results/train_cifar_2025-07-11_15-39-41/train_cifar_430ba_00002_2_batch_size=2,l1=16,l2=16,lr=0.0074_2025-07-11_15-39-41/checkpoint_000000
Trial train_cifar_430ba_00002 completed after 1 iterations at 2025-07-11 15:41:38. Total running time: 1min 57s
Trial train_cifar_430ba_00007 finished iteration 1 at 2025-07-11 15:41:40. Total running time: 1min 58s
╭────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╮
│ Trial train_cifar_430ba_00007 result │
├────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ checkpoint_dir_name checkpoint_000000 │
│ time_this_iter_s 113.67856 │
│ time_total_s 113.67856 │
│ training_iteration 1 │
│ accuracy 0.1826 │
│ loss 2.01512 │
╰────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╯
Trial train_cifar_430ba_00007 saved a checkpoint for iteration 1 at: (local)/var/lib/ci-user/ray_results/train_cifar_2025-07-11_15-39-41/train_cifar_430ba_00007_7_batch_size=2,l1=1,l2=256,lr=0.0015_2025-07-11_15-39-41/checkpoint_000000
Trial train_cifar_430ba_00007 completed after 1 iterations at 2025-07-11 15:41:40. Total running time: 1min 58s
Trial train_cifar_430ba_00006 finished iteration 1 at 2025-07-11 15:41:40. Total running time: 1min 59s
╭────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╮
│ Trial train_cifar_430ba_00006 result │
├────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ checkpoint_dir_name checkpoint_000000 │
│ time_this_iter_s 114.1923 │
│ time_total_s 114.1923 │
│ training_iteration 1 │
│ accuracy 0.2556 │
│ loss 1.86478 │
╰────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╯
Trial train_cifar_430ba_00006 saved a checkpoint for iteration 1 at: (local)/var/lib/ci-user/ray_results/train_cifar_2025-07-11_15-39-41/train_cifar_430ba_00006_6_batch_size=2,l1=8,l2=4,lr=0.0027_2025-07-11_15-39-41/checkpoint_000000
Trial train_cifar_430ba_00006 completed after 1 iterations at 2025-07-11 15:41:40. Total running time: 1min 59s
Trial status: 8 TERMINATED | 2 RUNNING
Current time: 2025-07-11 15:41:42. Total running time: 2min 0s
Logical resource usage: 4.0/16 CPUs, 0/1 GPUs (0.0/1.0 accelerator_type:A10G)
╭────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╮
│ Trial name status l1 l2 lr batch_size iter total time (s) loss accuracy │
├────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ train_cifar_430ba_00004 RUNNING 256 16 0.00102393 8 3 110.931 1.28229 0.5471 │
│ train_cifar_430ba_00005 RUNNING 128 32 0.00141121 16 5 105.856 1.21133 0.5713 │
│ train_cifar_430ba_00000 TERMINATED 128 8 0.0185876 16 1 27.052 1.70956 0.3591 │
│ train_cifar_430ba_00001 TERMINATED 128 4 0.00907074 16 2 51.1477 1.53968 0.454 │
│ train_cifar_430ba_00002 TERMINATED 16 16 0.0074324 2 1 112.283 2.31595 0.1014 │
│ train_cifar_430ba_00003 TERMINATED 2 2 0.00178519 8 1 43.3477 1.98013 0.2112 │
│ train_cifar_430ba_00006 TERMINATED 8 4 0.00267683 2 1 114.192 1.86478 0.2556 │
│ train_cifar_430ba_00007 TERMINATED 1 256 0.00152993 2 1 113.679 2.01512 0.1826 │
│ train_cifar_430ba_00008 TERMINATED 128 32 0.000332704 4 1 65.8164 1.7506 0.3552 │
│ train_cifar_430ba_00009 TERMINATED 128 256 0.0927044 8 1 38.8391 2.33268 0.0979 │
╰────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╯
(func pid=4138) [6, 2000] loss: 1.150 [repeated 5x across cluster]
Trial train_cifar_430ba_00005 finished iteration 6 at 2025-07-11 15:41:47. Total running time: 2min 5s
╭────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╮
│ Trial train_cifar_430ba_00005 result │
├────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ checkpoint_dir_name checkpoint_000005 │
│ time_this_iter_s 14.92334 │
│ time_total_s 120.77935 │
│ training_iteration 6 │
│ accuracy 0.5844 │
│ loss 1.17647 │
╰────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╯
Trial train_cifar_430ba_00005 saved a checkpoint for iteration 6 at: (local)/var/lib/ci-user/ray_results/train_cifar_2025-07-11_15-39-41/train_cifar_430ba_00005_5_batch_size=16,l1=128,l2=32,lr=0.0014_2025-07-11_15-39-41/checkpoint_000005
(func pid=4138) Checkpoint successfully created at: Checkpoint(filesystem=local, path=/var/lib/ci-user/ray_results/train_cifar_2025-07-11_15-39-41/train_cifar_430ba_00005_5_batch_size=16,l1=128,l2=32,lr=0.0014_2025-07-11_15-39-41/checkpoint_000005) [repeated 4x across cluster]
(func pid=4137) [4, 4000] loss: 0.590 [repeated 2x across cluster]
Trial train_cifar_430ba_00005 finished iteration 7 at 2025-07-11 15:41:59. Total running time: 2min 17s
╭────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╮
│ Trial train_cifar_430ba_00005 result │
├────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ checkpoint_dir_name checkpoint_000006 │
│ time_this_iter_s 12.25767 │
│ time_total_s 133.03702 │
│ training_iteration 7 │
│ accuracy 0.5942 │
│ loss 1.15883 │
╰────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╯
Trial train_cifar_430ba_00005 saved a checkpoint for iteration 7 at: (local)/var/lib/ci-user/ray_results/train_cifar_2025-07-11_15-39-41/train_cifar_430ba_00005_5_batch_size=16,l1=128,l2=32,lr=0.0014_2025-07-11_15-39-41/checkpoint_000006
(func pid=4138) Checkpoint successfully created at: Checkpoint(filesystem=local, path=/var/lib/ci-user/ray_results/train_cifar_2025-07-11_15-39-41/train_cifar_430ba_00005_5_batch_size=16,l1=128,l2=32,lr=0.0014_2025-07-11_15-39-41/checkpoint_000006)
Trial train_cifar_430ba_00004 finished iteration 4 at 2025-07-11 15:42:00. Total running time: 2min 18s
╭────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╮
│ Trial train_cifar_430ba_00004 result │
├────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ checkpoint_dir_name checkpoint_000003 │
│ time_this_iter_s 22.22106 │
│ time_total_s 133.15232 │
│ training_iteration 4 │
│ accuracy 0.598 │
│ loss 1.16012 │
╰────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╯
Trial train_cifar_430ba_00004 saved a checkpoint for iteration 4 at: (local)/var/lib/ci-user/ray_results/train_cifar_2025-07-11_15-39-41/train_cifar_430ba_00004_4_batch_size=8,l1=256,l2=16,lr=0.0010_2025-07-11_15-39-41/checkpoint_000003
(func pid=4137) Checkpoint successfully created at: Checkpoint(filesystem=local, path=/var/lib/ci-user/ray_results/train_cifar_2025-07-11_15-39-41/train_cifar_430ba_00004_4_batch_size=8,l1=256,l2=16,lr=0.0010_2025-07-11_15-39-41/checkpoint_000003)
(func pid=4137) [5, 2000] loss: 1.104 [repeated 2x across cluster]
Trial train_cifar_430ba_00005 finished iteration 8 at 2025-07-11 15:42:12. Total running time: 2min 30s
╭────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╮
│ Trial train_cifar_430ba_00005 result │
├────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ checkpoint_dir_name checkpoint_000007 │
│ time_this_iter_s 12.60926 │
│ time_total_s 145.64629 │
│ training_iteration 8 │
│ accuracy 0.574 │
│ loss 1.23949 │
╰────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╯
Trial status: 8 TERMINATED | 2 RUNNING
Current time: 2025-07-11 15:42:12. Total running time: 2min 30s
Logical resource usage: 4.0/16 CPUs, 0/1 GPUs (0.0/1.0 accelerator_type:A10G)
╭────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╮
│ Trial name status l1 l2 lr batch_size iter total time (s) loss accuracy │
├────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ train_cifar_430ba_00004 RUNNING 256 16 0.00102393 8 4 133.152 1.16012 0.598 │
│ train_cifar_430ba_00005 RUNNING 128 32 0.00141121 16 8 145.646 1.23949 0.574 │
│ train_cifar_430ba_00000 TERMINATED 128 8 0.0185876 16 1 27.052 1.70956 0.3591 │
│ train_cifar_430ba_00001 TERMINATED 128 4 0.00907074 16 2 51.1477 1.53968 0.454 │
│ train_cifar_430ba_00002 TERMINATED 16 16 0.0074324 2 1 112.283 2.31595 0.1014 │
│ train_cifar_430ba_00003 TERMINATED 2 2 0.00178519 8 1 43.3477 1.98013 0.2112 │
│ train_cifar_430ba_00006 TERMINATED 8 4 0.00267683 2 1 114.192 1.86478 0.2556 │
│ train_cifar_430ba_00007 TERMINATED 1 256 0.00152993 2 1 113.679 2.01512 0.1826 │
│ train_cifar_430ba_00008 TERMINATED 128 32 0.000332704 4 1 65.8164 1.7506 0.3552 │
│ train_cifar_430ba_00009 TERMINATED 128 256 0.0927044 8 1 38.8391 2.33268 0.0979 │
╰────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╯
Trial train_cifar_430ba_00005 saved a checkpoint for iteration 8 at: (local)/var/lib/ci-user/ray_results/train_cifar_2025-07-11_15-39-41/train_cifar_430ba_00005_5_batch_size=16,l1=128,l2=32,lr=0.0014_2025-07-11_15-39-41/checkpoint_000007
(func pid=4138) Checkpoint successfully created at: Checkpoint(filesystem=local, path=/var/lib/ci-user/ray_results/train_cifar_2025-07-11_15-39-41/train_cifar_430ba_00005_5_batch_size=16,l1=128,l2=32,lr=0.0014_2025-07-11_15-39-41/checkpoint_000007)
(func pid=4137) [5, 4000] loss: 0.546 [repeated 2x across cluster]
Trial train_cifar_430ba_00004 finished iteration 5 at 2025-07-11 15:42:20. Total running time: 2min 39s
╭────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╮
│ Trial train_cifar_430ba_00004 result │
├────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ checkpoint_dir_name checkpoint_000004 │
│ time_this_iter_s 20.76536 │
│ time_total_s 153.91767 │
│ training_iteration 5 │
│ accuracy 0.5959 │
│ loss 1.15201 │
╰────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╯
Trial train_cifar_430ba_00004 saved a checkpoint for iteration 5 at: (local)/var/lib/ci-user/ray_results/train_cifar_2025-07-11_15-39-41/train_cifar_430ba_00004_4_batch_size=8,l1=256,l2=16,lr=0.0010_2025-07-11_15-39-41/checkpoint_000004
(func pid=4137) Checkpoint successfully created at: Checkpoint(filesystem=local, path=/var/lib/ci-user/ray_results/train_cifar_2025-07-11_15-39-41/train_cifar_430ba_00004_4_batch_size=8,l1=256,l2=16,lr=0.0010_2025-07-11_15-39-41/checkpoint_000004)
(func pid=4138) [9, 2000] loss: 0.976
Trial train_cifar_430ba_00005 finished iteration 9 at 2025-07-11 15:42:25. Total running time: 2min 43s
╭────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╮
│ Trial train_cifar_430ba_00005 result │
├────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ checkpoint_dir_name checkpoint_000008 │
│ time_this_iter_s 13.15031 │
│ time_total_s 158.7966 │
│ training_iteration 9 │
│ accuracy 0.6119 │
│ loss 1.11411 │
╰────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╯
Trial train_cifar_430ba_00005 saved a checkpoint for iteration 9 at: (local)/var/lib/ci-user/ray_results/train_cifar_2025-07-11_15-39-41/train_cifar_430ba_00005_5_batch_size=16,l1=128,l2=32,lr=0.0014_2025-07-11_15-39-41/checkpoint_000008
(func pid=4137) [6, 2000] loss: 1.024
(func pid=4138) [10, 2000] loss: 0.936
(func pid=4137) [6, 4000] loss: 0.505
Trial train_cifar_430ba_00005 finished iteration 10 at 2025-07-11 15:42:37. Total running time: 2min 55s
╭────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╮
│ Trial train_cifar_430ba_00005 result │
├────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ checkpoint_dir_name checkpoint_000009 │
│ time_this_iter_s 11.98899 │
│ time_total_s 170.78558 │
│ training_iteration 10 │
│ accuracy 0.6103 │
│ loss 1.10886 │
╰────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╯
Trial train_cifar_430ba_00005 saved a checkpoint for iteration 10 at: (local)/var/lib/ci-user/ray_results/train_cifar_2025-07-11_15-39-41/train_cifar_430ba_00005_5_batch_size=16,l1=128,l2=32,lr=0.0014_2025-07-11_15-39-41/checkpoint_000009
Trial train_cifar_430ba_00005 completed after 10 iterations at 2025-07-11 15:42:37. Total running time: 2min 55s
(func pid=4138) Checkpoint successfully created at: Checkpoint(filesystem=local, path=/var/lib/ci-user/ray_results/train_cifar_2025-07-11_15-39-41/train_cifar_430ba_00005_5_batch_size=16,l1=128,l2=32,lr=0.0014_2025-07-11_15-39-41/checkpoint_000009) [repeated 2x across cluster]
Trial train_cifar_430ba_00004 finished iteration 6 at 2025-07-11 15:42:41. Total running time: 2min 59s
╭────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╮
│ Trial train_cifar_430ba_00004 result │
├────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ checkpoint_dir_name checkpoint_000005 │
│ time_this_iter_s 20.33953 │
│ time_total_s 174.2572 │
│ training_iteration 6 │
│ accuracy 0.6235 │
│ loss 1.0965 │
╰────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╯
Trial train_cifar_430ba_00004 saved a checkpoint for iteration 6 at: (local)/var/lib/ci-user/ray_results/train_cifar_2025-07-11_15-39-41/train_cifar_430ba_00004_4_batch_size=8,l1=256,l2=16,lr=0.0010_2025-07-11_15-39-41/checkpoint_000005
Trial status: 9 TERMINATED | 1 RUNNING
Current time: 2025-07-11 15:42:42. Total running time: 3min 0s
Logical resource usage: 2.0/16 CPUs, 0/1 GPUs (0.0/1.0 accelerator_type:A10G)
╭────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╮
│ Trial name status l1 l2 lr batch_size iter total time (s) loss accuracy │
├────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ train_cifar_430ba_00004 RUNNING 256 16 0.00102393 8 6 174.257 1.0965 0.6235 │
│ train_cifar_430ba_00000 TERMINATED 128 8 0.0185876 16 1 27.052 1.70956 0.3591 │
│ train_cifar_430ba_00001 TERMINATED 128 4 0.00907074 16 2 51.1477 1.53968 0.454 │
│ train_cifar_430ba_00002 TERMINATED 16 16 0.0074324 2 1 112.283 2.31595 0.1014 │
│ train_cifar_430ba_00003 TERMINATED 2 2 0.00178519 8 1 43.3477 1.98013 0.2112 │
│ train_cifar_430ba_00005 TERMINATED 128 32 0.00141121 16 10 170.786 1.10886 0.6103 │
│ train_cifar_430ba_00006 TERMINATED 8 4 0.00267683 2 1 114.192 1.86478 0.2556 │
│ train_cifar_430ba_00007 TERMINATED 1 256 0.00152993 2 1 113.679 2.01512 0.1826 │
│ train_cifar_430ba_00008 TERMINATED 128 32 0.000332704 4 1 65.8164 1.7506 0.3552 │
│ train_cifar_430ba_00009 TERMINATED 128 256 0.0927044 8 1 38.8391 2.33268 0.0979 │
╰────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╯
(func pid=4137) [7, 2000] loss: 0.939
(func pid=4137) [7, 4000] loss: 0.475
Trial train_cifar_430ba_00004 finished iteration 7 at 2025-07-11 15:43:00. Total running time: 3min 19s
╭────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╮
│ Trial train_cifar_430ba_00004 result │
├────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ checkpoint_dir_name checkpoint_000006 │
│ time_this_iter_s 19.56436 │
│ time_total_s 193.82156 │
│ training_iteration 7 │
│ accuracy 0.6366 │
│ loss 1.08636 │
╰────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╯
Trial train_cifar_430ba_00004 saved a checkpoint for iteration 7 at: (local)/var/lib/ci-user/ray_results/train_cifar_2025-07-11_15-39-41/train_cifar_430ba_00004_4_batch_size=8,l1=256,l2=16,lr=0.0010_2025-07-11_15-39-41/checkpoint_000006
(func pid=4137) Checkpoint successfully created at: Checkpoint(filesystem=local, path=/var/lib/ci-user/ray_results/train_cifar_2025-07-11_15-39-41/train_cifar_430ba_00004_4_batch_size=8,l1=256,l2=16,lr=0.0010_2025-07-11_15-39-41/checkpoint_000006) [repeated 2x across cluster]
(func pid=4137) [8, 2000] loss: 0.877
Trial status: 9 TERMINATED | 1 RUNNING
Current time: 2025-07-11 15:43:12. Total running time: 3min 30s
Logical resource usage: 2.0/16 CPUs, 0/1 GPUs (0.0/1.0 accelerator_type:A10G)
╭────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╮
│ Trial name status l1 l2 lr batch_size iter total time (s) loss accuracy │
├────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ train_cifar_430ba_00004 RUNNING 256 16 0.00102393 8 7 193.822 1.08636 0.6366 │
│ train_cifar_430ba_00000 TERMINATED 128 8 0.0185876 16 1 27.052 1.70956 0.3591 │
│ train_cifar_430ba_00001 TERMINATED 128 4 0.00907074 16 2 51.1477 1.53968 0.454 │
│ train_cifar_430ba_00002 TERMINATED 16 16 0.0074324 2 1 112.283 2.31595 0.1014 │
│ train_cifar_430ba_00003 TERMINATED 2 2 0.00178519 8 1 43.3477 1.98013 0.2112 │
│ train_cifar_430ba_00005 TERMINATED 128 32 0.00141121 16 10 170.786 1.10886 0.6103 │
│ train_cifar_430ba_00006 TERMINATED 8 4 0.00267683 2 1 114.192 1.86478 0.2556 │
│ train_cifar_430ba_00007 TERMINATED 1 256 0.00152993 2 1 113.679 2.01512 0.1826 │
│ train_cifar_430ba_00008 TERMINATED 128 32 0.000332704 4 1 65.8164 1.7506 0.3552 │
│ train_cifar_430ba_00009 TERMINATED 128 256 0.0927044 8 1 38.8391 2.33268 0.0979 │
╰────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╯
(func pid=4137) [8, 4000] loss: 0.440
Trial train_cifar_430ba_00004 finished iteration 8 at 2025-07-11 15:43:20. Total running time: 3min 38s
╭────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╮
│ Trial train_cifar_430ba_00004 result │
├────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ checkpoint_dir_name checkpoint_000007 │
│ time_this_iter_s 19.21145 │
│ time_total_s 213.03301 │
│ training_iteration 8 │
│ accuracy 0.6289 │
│ loss 1.10908 │
╰────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╯
Trial train_cifar_430ba_00004 saved a checkpoint for iteration 8 at: (local)/var/lib/ci-user/ray_results/train_cifar_2025-07-11_15-39-41/train_cifar_430ba_00004_4_batch_size=8,l1=256,l2=16,lr=0.0010_2025-07-11_15-39-41/checkpoint_000007
(func pid=4137) Checkpoint successfully created at: Checkpoint(filesystem=local, path=/var/lib/ci-user/ray_results/train_cifar_2025-07-11_15-39-41/train_cifar_430ba_00004_4_batch_size=8,l1=256,l2=16,lr=0.0010_2025-07-11_15-39-41/checkpoint_000007)
(func pid=4137) [9, 2000] loss: 0.792
(func pid=4137) [9, 4000] loss: 0.421
Trial train_cifar_430ba_00004 finished iteration 9 at 2025-07-11 15:43:39. Total running time: 3min 57s
╭────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╮
│ Trial train_cifar_430ba_00004 result │
├────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ checkpoint_dir_name checkpoint_000008 │
│ time_this_iter_s 19.18762 │
│ time_total_s 232.22063 │
│ training_iteration 9 │
│ accuracy 0.6229 │
│ loss 1.12514 │
╰────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╯
Trial train_cifar_430ba_00004 saved a checkpoint for iteration 9 at: (local)/var/lib/ci-user/ray_results/train_cifar_2025-07-11_15-39-41/train_cifar_430ba_00004_4_batch_size=8,l1=256,l2=16,lr=0.0010_2025-07-11_15-39-41/checkpoint_000008
(func pid=4137) Checkpoint successfully created at: Checkpoint(filesystem=local, path=/var/lib/ci-user/ray_results/train_cifar_2025-07-11_15-39-41/train_cifar_430ba_00004_4_batch_size=8,l1=256,l2=16,lr=0.0010_2025-07-11_15-39-41/checkpoint_000008)
Trial status: 9 TERMINATED | 1 RUNNING
Current time: 2025-07-11 15:43:42. Total running time: 4min 0s
Logical resource usage: 2.0/16 CPUs, 0/1 GPUs (0.0/1.0 accelerator_type:A10G)
╭────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╮
│ Trial name status l1 l2 lr batch_size iter total time (s) loss accuracy │
├────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ train_cifar_430ba_00004 RUNNING 256 16 0.00102393 8 9 232.221 1.12514 0.6229 │
│ train_cifar_430ba_00000 TERMINATED 128 8 0.0185876 16 1 27.052 1.70956 0.3591 │
│ train_cifar_430ba_00001 TERMINATED 128 4 0.00907074 16 2 51.1477 1.53968 0.454 │
│ train_cifar_430ba_00002 TERMINATED 16 16 0.0074324 2 1 112.283 2.31595 0.1014 │
│ train_cifar_430ba_00003 TERMINATED 2 2 0.00178519 8 1 43.3477 1.98013 0.2112 │
│ train_cifar_430ba_00005 TERMINATED 128 32 0.00141121 16 10 170.786 1.10886 0.6103 │
│ train_cifar_430ba_00006 TERMINATED 8 4 0.00267683 2 1 114.192 1.86478 0.2556 │
│ train_cifar_430ba_00007 TERMINATED 1 256 0.00152993 2 1 113.679 2.01512 0.1826 │
│ train_cifar_430ba_00008 TERMINATED 128 32 0.000332704 4 1 65.8164 1.7506 0.3552 │
│ train_cifar_430ba_00009 TERMINATED 128 256 0.0927044 8 1 38.8391 2.33268 0.0979 │
╰────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╯
(func pid=4137) [10, 2000] loss: 0.738
(func pid=4137) [10, 4000] loss: 0.395
Trial train_cifar_430ba_00004 finished iteration 10 at 2025-07-11 15:43:58. Total running time: 4min 16s
╭────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╮
│ Trial train_cifar_430ba_00004 result │
├────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ checkpoint_dir_name checkpoint_000009 │
│ time_this_iter_s 19.41571 │
│ time_total_s 251.63634 │
│ training_iteration 10 │
│ accuracy 0.628 │
│ loss 1.13117 │
╰────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╯
Trial train_cifar_430ba_00004 saved a checkpoint for iteration 10 at: (local)/var/lib/ci-user/ray_results/train_cifar_2025-07-11_15-39-41/train_cifar_430ba_00004_4_batch_size=8,l1=256,l2=16,lr=0.0010_2025-07-11_15-39-41/checkpoint_000009
Trial train_cifar_430ba_00004 completed after 10 iterations at 2025-07-11 15:43:58. Total running time: 4min 16s
Trial status: 10 TERMINATED
Current time: 2025-07-11 15:43:58. Total running time: 4min 16s
Logical resource usage: 2.0/16 CPUs, 0/1 GPUs (0.0/1.0 accelerator_type:A10G)
╭────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╮
│ Trial name status l1 l2 lr batch_size iter total time (s) loss accuracy │
├────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ train_cifar_430ba_00000 TERMINATED 128 8 0.0185876 16 1 27.052 1.70956 0.3591 │
│ train_cifar_430ba_00001 TERMINATED 128 4 0.00907074 16 2 51.1477 1.53968 0.454 │
│ train_cifar_430ba_00002 TERMINATED 16 16 0.0074324 2 1 112.283 2.31595 0.1014 │
│ train_cifar_430ba_00003 TERMINATED 2 2 0.00178519 8 1 43.3477 1.98013 0.2112 │
│ train_cifar_430ba_00004 TERMINATED 256 16 0.00102393 8 10 251.636 1.13117 0.628 │
│ train_cifar_430ba_00005 TERMINATED 128 32 0.00141121 16 10 170.786 1.10886 0.6103 │
│ train_cifar_430ba_00006 TERMINATED 8 4 0.00267683 2 1 114.192 1.86478 0.2556 │
│ train_cifar_430ba_00007 TERMINATED 1 256 0.00152993 2 1 113.679 2.01512 0.1826 │
│ train_cifar_430ba_00008 TERMINATED 128 32 0.000332704 4 1 65.8164 1.7506 0.3552 │
│ train_cifar_430ba_00009 TERMINATED 128 256 0.0927044 8 1 38.8391 2.33268 0.0979 │
╰────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╯
Best trial config: {'l1': 128, 'l2': 32, 'lr': 0.001411210185919721, 'batch_size': 16}
Best trial final validation loss: 1.1088576287269591
Best trial final validation accuracy: 0.6103
(func pid=4137) Checkpoint successfully created at: Checkpoint(filesystem=local, path=/var/lib/ci-user/ray_results/train_cifar_2025-07-11_15-39-41/train_cifar_430ba_00004_4_batch_size=8,l1=256,l2=16,lr=0.0010_2025-07-11_15-39-41/checkpoint_000009)
Best trial test set accuracy: 0.6157
If you run the code, an example output could look like this:
Number of trials: 10/10 (10 TERMINATED)
+-----+--------------+------+------+-------------+--------+---------+------------+
| ... | batch_size | l1 | l2 | lr | iter | loss | accuracy |
|-----+--------------+------+------+-------------+--------+---------+------------|
| ... | 2 | 1 | 256 | 0.000668163 | 1 | 2.31479 | 0.0977 |
| ... | 4 | 64 | 8 | 0.0331514 | 1 | 2.31605 | 0.0983 |
| ... | 4 | 2 | 1 | 0.000150295 | 1 | 2.30755 | 0.1023 |
| ... | 16 | 32 | 32 | 0.0128248 | 10 | 1.66912 | 0.4391 |
| ... | 4 | 8 | 128 | 0.00464561 | 2 | 1.7316 | 0.3463 |
| ... | 8 | 256 | 8 | 0.00031556 | 1 | 2.19409 | 0.1736 |
| ... | 4 | 16 | 256 | 0.00574329 | 2 | 1.85679 | 0.3368 |
| ... | 8 | 2 | 2 | 0.00325652 | 1 | 2.30272 | 0.0984 |
| ... | 2 | 2 | 2 | 0.000342987 | 2 | 1.76044 | 0.292 |
| ... | 4 | 64 | 32 | 0.003734 | 8 | 1.53101 | 0.4761 |
+-----+--------------+------+------+-------------+--------+---------+------------+
Best trial config: {'l1': 64, 'l2': 32, 'lr': 0.0037339984519545164, 'batch_size': 4}
Best trial final validation loss: 1.5310075663924216
Best trial final validation accuracy: 0.4761
Best trial test set accuracy: 0.4737
Most trials have been stopped early in order to avoid wasting resources. The best performing trial achieved a validation accuracy of about 47%, which could be confirmed on the test set.
So that’s it! You can now tune the parameters of your PyTorch models.
Total running time of the script: (4 minutes 32.414 seconds)
