SpringCloud基础知识

最新推荐文章于 2022-02-12 11:56:28 发布

原创最新推荐文章于 2022-02-12 11:56:28 发布 · 186 阅读

0 ·

CC 4.0 BY-SA版权

Java 专栏收录该内容

165 篇文章

订阅专栏

本文详细介绍SpringBoot环境下，如何构建微服务架构，包括服务发现、负载均衡、服务调用、容错处理、网关设置等关键技术。通过具体示例，讲解了Eureka服务注册与发现、使用Ribbon实现负载均衡、Feign简化服务调用、Hystrix容错机制以及Zuul网关的配置方法。

摘要生成于 C知道，由 DeepSeek-R1 满血版支持，前往体验 >

以下所有配置仅保证SpringBoot版本为2以上可成功运行

1. 发现服务 EurekaClient

<!--SpringBoot版本为  2.1.2.RELEASE -->

<!--客户端 -->
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--服务端 -->
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-server</artifactId>
</dependency>

通过服务名获取服务的地址

@Autowired
private EurekaClient eurekaClient;
	
@GetMapping("/getServiceUrl")
public String getServiceUrl() {
    InstanceInfo instanceInfo = eurekaClient.getNextServerFromEureka("springcloud-client-1",false);
    return instanceInfo.getHomePageUrl();
}

2. 调用服务 RestTemplate

@Autowired
private RestTemplate restTemplate;	

@GetMapping("/getOtherService")
public String info1() {
    return restTemplate.getForObject("http://localhost:9002/getUser", String.class);
}

3. 负载均衡 ribbon

注解版

@Bean
@LoadBalanced
public RestTemplate getRestTemplate() {
	return new RestTemplate();
}

随机算法轮训

@RibbonClient(name="springcloud-client-1",configuration=RibbonConfig.class)
@EnableEurekaClient
@SpringBootApplication
public class SpringCloudApp {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		SpringApplication.run(SpringCloudApp.class, args);
	}

}

---------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
 *  这个类不能被@SpringBootApplication和@ComponentScan 扫描到
 */
@Configuration
public class RibbonConfig {
	
	@Autowired
	private IClientConfig clientConfig;

	@Bean
	public IRule getRibbonRule(IClientConfig clientConfig) {
		//返回随机算法
		return new RandomRule();
	}
}

yml 配置版

#给指定的服务配置轮训算法
springcloud-client-1: 
  ribbon:
    NFLoadBalancerRuleClassName: com.netflix.loadbalancer.RandomRule

4.Eureka的高可用

服务之间互相注册用，分割

 defaultZone: http://localhost:9002/eureka/,http://localhost:9003/eureka/

5. 服务调用 feign

<!-- SpringBoot版本 2.1.2.RELEASE -->
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
</dependency>

/**
 * 主程序
 */
@EnableFeignClients
@EnableEurekaClient
@SpringBootApplication
public class SpringCloudApp {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		SpringApplication.run(SpringCloudApp.class, args);
	}
}

----------------------------------------------------------
/**
 * 创建一个接口  访问路径与服务提供者一致
 */
@FeignClient("springcloud-client-1")
public interface UserFeign {

	@GetMapping("/getUser")
	public String getUser();
	
}

----------------------------------------------------------

/**
 * 服务调用
 */
@RestController
public class OrderController {
	
	@Autowired
	private UserFeign userFeign;
	
	@GetMapping("/getUserByFeign")
	public String getUserByFeign() {
		return userFeign.getUser();
	}
}

6. hystrix容错

6.1 基于feign

1.加入依赖

<!--SpringBoot版本 2.1.2 -->
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix</artifactId>
</dependency>

2.开启hystrix

feign:
  hystrix:
    enabled: true

3. 在feign中加入fallback 即容错类此接口的实现类并把当且接口标为bean

@Component
@FeignClient(name="springcloud-client-1",fallback=UserFeignHystrix.class)
public interface UserFeign {

	@GetMapping("/getUser")
	public String getUser();
}

4.写实现类标为bean 重写的方法就是出现错误时调用的方法

@Component
public class UserFeignHystrix implements UserFeign{
    @Override
    public String getUser() {
        return " i am hystrix , i made a mistake...";
    }
}

7. Zuul网关

@EnableEurekaClient
@EnableZuulProxy
@SpringBootApplication
public class SpringCloudApp {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		SpringApplication.run(SpringCloudApp.class, args);
	}
}

server:
  port: 9007
  
spring:
  application:
    name: springcloud-zuul
    
eureka:
  client:
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://516:sx516@localhost:9001/eureka