Best Programming Languages for Cloud - Page 2
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Compare the Top Programming Languages for Cloud as of June 2025 - Page 2
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1
Markdown
Markdown
Markdown allows you to write using an easy-to-read, easy-to-write plain text format, then convert it to structurally valid XHTML (or HTML). Thus, “Markdown” is two things: (1) a plain text formatting syntax; and (2) a software tool, written in Perl, that converts the plain text formatting to HTML. See the Syntax page for details pertaining to Markdown’s formatting syntax. You can try it out, right now, using the online Dingus. The overriding design goal for Markdown’s formatting syntax is to make it as readable as possible. The idea is that a Markdown-formatted document should be publishable as-is, as plain text, without looking like it’s been marked up with tags or formatting instructions. While Markdown’s syntax has been influenced by several existing text-to-HTML filters, the single biggest source of inspiration for Markdown’s syntax is the format of plain text email.Starting Price: Free -
2
LaTeX
LaTeX
LaTeX, which is pronounced «Lah-tech» or «Lay-tech» (to rhyme with «blech» or «Bertolt Brecht»), is a document preparation system for high-quality typesetting. It is most often used for medium-to-large technical or scientific documents but it can be used for almost any form of publishing. LaTeX is not a word processor! Instead, LaTeX encourages authors not to worry too much about the appearance of their documents but to concentrate on getting the right content. To produce this in most typesetting or word-processing systems, the author would have to decide what layout to use, so would select (say) 18pt Times Roman for the title, 12pt Times Italic for the name, and so on. This has two results: authors wasting their time with designs; and a lot of badly designed documents! LaTeX is based on the idea that it is better to leave document design to document designers, and to let authors get on with writing documents.Starting Price: Free -
3
OCaml
OCaml
OCaml is a general-purpose, industrial-strength programming language with an emphasis on expressiveness and safety. OCaml’s powerful type system means more bugs are caught at compile time, and large, complex codebases are easier to maintain. This makes it a good language for running critical code. At the same time, sophisticated inference makes the type system unobtrusive, creating a smooth developer experience. One is a bytecode compiler which generates small, portable executables and is very fast. The other is a native code compiler that produces more efficient machine code; its performance matches the highest standards of modern compilers. OCaml has great support for the most popular editors. VS Code is recommended for beginners, and for power users there is deep integration with Vim and Emacs. OCaml has a rich and dynamic community and best-in-class tooling.Starting Price: Free -
4
QBasic
QBasic
QBasic as well as QuickBasic is an easy-to-learn programming language (and therefore ideal for beginners), based on DOS operating system, but also executable on Windows. QBasic is the slimmed-down version of QuickBasic. Compared to QuickBasic, QBasic is limited as it lacks a compiler. Therefore QBasic cannot be used to produce executables (.exe files). The source code (usual files with .bas extension) can only be executed immediately by the built-in QBasic interpreter. Furthermore, QuickBasic has a more extensive command set than QBasic. The best way to learn to program is to start with a lightweight programming language and a simple compiler. Qbasic (short: QB) has great advantages for pros and beginners that other compilers can't offer. Back then, when DOS was the most widely used operating system, QB IDE enjoyed great popularity. On current Windows systems, QBasic/QuickBASIC requires a DOS emulator, e.g. DOSBox.Starting Price: Free -
5
Roy
Roy
Roy is an experimental programming language that targets JavaScript. It tries to meld JavaScript semantics with some features common in static functional languages.Starting Price: Free -
6
APL
APL
APL is an array-oriented programming language that will change the way you think about problems and data. With a powerful, concise syntax, it lets you develop shorter programs that enable you to think more about the problem you're trying to solve than how to express it to a computer.Starting Price: Free -
7
Unlambda
Unlambda
Unlambda is a programming language. Nothing remarkable there. The originality of Unlambda is that it stands as the unexpected intersection of two marginal families of languages. Functional programming languages, of which the canonical representative is Scheme (a Lisp dialect). This means that the basic object manipulated by the language (and indeed the only one as far as Unlambda is concerned) is the function. Rather, Unlambda uses a functional approach to programming: the only form of objects it manipulates are functions. Each function takes a function as an argument and returns a function. Apart from a binary “apply” operation, Unlambda provides several built-in functions (the most important ones being the K and S combinators). User-defined functions can be created, but not saved or named, because Unlambda does not have any variables.Starting Price: Free -
8
Pine Script
TradingView
Pine Script® is TradingView’s programming language. It allows traders to create their own trading tools and run them on our servers. We designed Pine Script® as a lightweight, yet powerful, language for developing indicators and strategies that you can then backtest. Most of TradingView’s built-in indicators are written in Pine Script®, and our thriving community of Pine Script® programmers has published more than 100,000 community scripts. It’s our explicit goal to keep Pine Script® accessible and easy to understand for the broadest possible audience. Pine Script® is cloud-based and therefore different from client-side programming languages. While we likely won’t develop Pine Script® into a full-fledged language, we do constantly improve it and are always happy to consider requests for new features. Because each script uses computational resources in the cloud, we must impose limits in order to share these resources fairly among our users.Starting Price: Free -
9
NoSQL
NoSQL
NoSQL is a domain-specific programming language used for accessing, managing, and manipulating non-tabular databases. A NoSQL (originally referring to "non-SQL" or "non-relational") database provides a mechanism for storage and retrieval of data that is modeled in means other than the tabular relations used in relational databases. Such databases have existed since the late 1960s, but the name "NoSQL" was only coined in the early 21st century, triggered by the needs of Web 2.0 companies. NoSQL databases are increasingly used in big data and real-time web applications.NoSQL systems are also sometimes called Not only SQL to emphasize that they may support SQL-like query languages or sit alongside SQL databases in polyglot-persistent architectures. Many NoSQL stores compromise consistency (in the sense of the CAP theorem) in favor of availability, partition tolerance, and speed. Barriers to the greater adoption of NoSQL stores include the use of low-level query languages. -
10
C#
Microsoft
C# (also known as C Sharp, pronounced "See Sharp") is a modern, object-oriented, and type-safe programming language. C# enables developers to build many types of secure and robust applications that run in .NET. C# has its roots in the C family of languages and will be immediately familiar to C, C++, Java, and JavaScript programmers. This tour provides an overview of the major components of the language in C# 8 and earlier. C# is an object-oriented, component-oriented programming language. C# provides language constructs to directly support these concepts, making C# a natural language in which to create and use software components. Since its origin, C# has added features to support new workloads and emerging software design practices. At its core, C# is an object-oriented language. You define types and their behavior.Starting Price: Free -
11
C++/CLI
Microsoft
In Visual Studio 2022, the default target framework for .NET Core projects is 6.0. For .NET Frameworks projects, the default is 4.7.2. The .NET Framework version selector is on the configure your new project page of the create a new project dialog. C++/CLI itself isn't installed by default when you install a Visual Studio C++ workload. To install the component after Visual Studio is installed, open the Visual Studio Installer by selecting the Windows Start menu and searching for visual studio installer. Choose the modify button next to your installed version of Visual Studio. Select the Individual components tab. Scroll down to the compilers, build tools, and runtimes section, and select C++/CLI support for v143 build tools (Latest). Select modify to download the necessary files and update Visual Studio. By using C++/CLI you can create C++ programs that use .NET classes as well as native C++ types. C++/CLI is intended for use in console applications.Starting Price: Free -
12
Clojure
Clojure
Clojure is a robust, practical, and fast programming language with a set of useful features that together form a simple, coherent, and powerful tool. Clojure is a dynamic, general-purpose programming language, combining the approachability and interactive development of a scripting language with an efficient and robust infrastructure for multithreaded programming. Clojure is a compiled language, yet remains completely dynamic, every feature supported by Clojure is supported at runtime. Clojure provides easy access to the Java frameworks, with optional type hints and type inference, to ensure that calls to Java can avoid reflection. Clojure is a dialect of Lisp, and shares with Lisp the code-as-data philosophy and a powerful macro system. Clojure is predominantly a functional programming language and features a rich set of immutable, persistent data structures. When a mutable state is needed, Clojure offers a software transactional memory system and reactive Agent system.Starting Price: Free -
13
YAML
YAML
YAML: YAML Ain't Markup Language. YAML is a human-friendly data serialization language for all programming languages.Starting Price: Free -
14
D
D Language Foundation
D is a general-purpose programming language with static typing, systems-level access, and C-like syntax. With the D Programming Language, write fast, read fast, and run fast. D is made possible through the hard work and dedication of many volunteers, with the coordination and outreach of the D Language Foundation, a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization. You can help further the development of the D language and help grow our community by supporting the Foundation. Discuss D on the forums, join the IRC channel, read our official Blog, or follow us on Twitter. Browse the wiki, where among other things you can find the high-level vision of the D Language Foundation. Refer to the language specification and the documentation of Phobos, D's standard library. The DMD manual tells you how to use the compiler. Read various articles to deepen your understanding.Starting Price: Free -
15
Solidity
Solidity
Solidity is a statically-typed curly-braces programming language designed for developing smart contracts that run on Ethereum. As a relatively young language, Solidity is advancing at a rapid speed. We aim for a regular (non-breaking) release every month, with approximately one breaking release per year. You can follow the implementation status of new features in the Solidity Github project. You can see the upcoming changes for the next breaking release by switching from the default branch (`develop`) to the `breaking branch`. You can actively shape Solidity by providing your input and participating in the language design.Starting Price: Free -
16
Mojo
Modular
Mojo 🔥 — a new programming language for all AI developers. Mojo combines the usability of Python with the performance of C, unlocking unparalleled programmability of AI hardware and extensibility of AI models. Write Python or scale all the way down to the metal. Program the multitude of low-level AI hardware. No C++ or CUDA required. Utilize the full power of the hardware, including multiple cores, vector units, and exotic accelerator units, with the world's most advanced compiler and heterogenous runtime. Achieve performance on par with C++ and CUDA without the complexity.Starting Price: Free -
17
Cedar
Amazon
Cedar is an open source policy language and evaluation engine developed by AWS to facilitate fine-grained access control in applications. It enables developers to define clear and concise authorization policies, decoupling access control from application logic. Cedar supports common authorization models, including role-based access control and attribute-based access control, allowing for expressive and analyzable policy definitions. Its design emphasizes readability and performance, ensuring that policies are both easy to understand and efficient to enforce. By integrating Cedar, applications can make precise authorization decisions, enhancing security and maintainability. The policy structure is designed to be indexed for quick retrieval and to support fast and scalable real-time evaluation, with bounded latency. It enables analyzer tools capable of optimizing your policies and proving that your security model is what you believe it is.Starting Price: Free -
18
BoxLang
BoxLang
BoxLang is a modern, dynamically and loosely typed scripting language for the Java Virtual Machine (JVM) that supports Object-Oriented (OO) and Functional Programming (FP) constructs. It can be deployed on multiple platforms and all operating systems, web servers, Java application servers, AWS Lambda, WebAssembly, and more. BoxLang combines many features from different programming languages to provide developers with a modern, fluent, and expressive syntax. BoxLang has been designed to be a highly modular and dynamic language that takes advantage of all the modern features of the JVM. It is dynamically typed, which means there's no need to declare types. It can perform type inference, auto-casting, and promotions between different types. The language adjusts to its deployed runtime and can add, remove, or modify methods and properties at runtime. -
19
JavaScript
JavaScript
JavaScript is a scripting language and programming language for the web that enables developers to build dynamic elements on the web. Over 97% of the websites in the world use client-side JavaScript. JavaScript is one of the most important scripting languages on the web. Strings in JavaScript are contained within a pair of either single quotation marks '' or double quotation marks "". Both quotes represent Strings but be sure to choose one and STICK WITH IT. If you start with a single quote, you need to end with a single quote. There are pros and cons to using both IE single quotes tend to make it easier to write HTML within Javascript as you don’t have to escape the line with a double quote. Let’s say you’re trying to use quotation marks inside a string. You’ll need to use opposite quotation marks inside and outside of JavaScript single or double quotes. -
20
SQL
SQL
SQL is a domain-specific programming language used for accessing, managing, and manipulating relational databases and relational database management systems. -
21
Pascal
Pascal
Pascal is a procedural and imperative programming language. Pascal is a simple and efficient programming language designed for developers that want to build applications in structured ways. Free Pascal is a mature, versatile, open source Pascal compiler. It can target many processor architectures: Intel x86 (16 and 32 bit), AMD64/x86-64, PowerPC, PowerPC64, SPARC, SPARC64, ARM, AArch64, MIPS, Motorola 68k, AVR, and the JVM. Supported operating systems include Windows (16/32/64 bit, CE, and native NT), Linux, Mac OS X/iOS/iPhoneSimulator/Darwin, FreeBSD and other BSD flavors, DOS (16 bit, or 32 bit DPMI), OS/2, AIX, Android, Haiku, Nintendo GBA/DS/Wii, AmigaOS, MorphOS, AROS, Atari TOS, and various embedded platforms. Additionally, support for RISC-V (32/64), Xtensa, and Z80 architectures, and for the LLVM compiler infrastructure is available in the development version. Additionally, the Free Pascal team maintains a transpiler for pascal to Javascript called pas2js. -
22
Objective-C
Objective-C
Objective-C is the primary programming language you use when writing software for OS X and iOS. It’s a superset of the C programming language and provides object-oriented capabilities and a dynamic runtime. Objective-C inherits the syntax, primitive types, and flow control statements of C and adds syntax for defining classes and methods. It also adds language-level support for object graph management and object literals while providing dynamic typing and binding, deferring many responsibilities until runtime. When building apps for OS X or iOS, you’ll spend most of your time working with objects. Those objects are instances of Objective-C classes, some of which are provided for you by Cocoa or Cocoa Touch and some of which you’ll write yourself. -
23
Ada
AdaCore
Ada is a state-of-the-art programming language that development teams worldwide are using for critical software, from microkernels and small-footprint, real-time embedded systems to large-scale enterprise applications, and everything in between. Why use Ada? In short, because you want to write reliable and efficient code, with confidence that it works, and not waste time and effort in the process. Ada is unique among languages in how it helps you detect and eliminate bugs early in the software life cycle when they are least expensive to correct. And as evidenced by the many successfully fielded applications that need to meet a hard time or space constraints, Ada helps you build software that is reliable, safe, and secure without sacrificing performance. At the technical level, Ada has everything you might expect in a modern language. Concurrent programming features, including support for multicore. -
24
C++
C++
C++ is a simple and clear language in its expressions. It is true that a piece of code written with C++ may be seen by a stranger of programming a bit more cryptic than some other languages due to the intensive use of special characters ({}[]*&!|...), but once one knows the meaning of such characters it can be even more schematic and clear than other languages that rely more on English words. Also, the simplification of the input/output interface of C++ in comparison to C and the incorporation of the standard template library in the language, makes the communication and manipulation of data in a program written in C++ as simple as in other languages, without losing the power it offers. It is a programming model that treats programming from a perspective where each component is considered an object, with its own properties and methods, replacing or complementing structured programming paradigm, where the focus was on procedures and parameters.Starting Price: Free -
25
Dart
Dart Language
Mature and complete async-await for user interfaces containing event-driven code, paired with isolate-based concurrency. A programming language optimized for building user interfaces with features such as sound null safety, the spread operator for expanding collections, and collection if for customizing UI for each platform. Write code using a flexible type system with rich static analysis and powerful, configurable tooling. Target the web with complete, mature, fast compilers for JavaScript. Run backend code supporting your app, written using a single programming language. This collection is not exhaustive—it’s just a brief introduction to the language for people who like to learn by example. You might also want to check out the language and library tours, or the Dart cheatsheet codelab. -
26
Kaboom
Kaboom
Kaboom is a Javascript game programming library that helps you make games fast and fun. Game Object is the basic unit of entity in a kaboom world. Everything is a game object, the player, a butterfly, a tree, or even a piece of text. -
27
FLooP
Ziring
FLooP was a very simple recursive block structured language invented by Douglas Hofstadter for his book Godel, Escher, Bach. It features a simple subroutine structure, very simple number and boolean handling, and recursion. Unlike its cousin BLooP, FLooP does support unbounded loops. This allows it to possess the full power of a Turing machine, thus making it fair game for various undecidability theorums. The syntax of FLooP is rather verbose but simple in structure. Though Hofstadter doesn't mention it in GEB, FLooP is similar to early exercises in exploring the computational model of "Random Access Machines". Note the use of 'CELL(0) <= 2' and similar constructs. Though FLooP was never intended to be more than an academic exercise, an implementation of FLooP in Perl was made. Unfortunately, I can't seem to find it. S - block-structured language type. -
28
Silq
Silq
Silq is a new high-level programming language for quantum computing with a strong static type system, developed at ETH Zürich. Silq was originally published at PLDI'20. -
29
ABAP
SAP PRESS
ABAP (Advanced Business Application Programming) is SAP’s proprietary fourth‑generation programming language, purpose‑built for mass data processing in SAP business applications. Utilized within SAP NetWeaver, it enables companies running SAP ERP and S/4 HANA to tailor systems precisely to their needs. ABAP is a multi‑paradigm language that supports procedural, object‑oriented, and other programming styles. It can seamlessly interoperate with languages such as Java, JavaScript, and SAPUI5. ABAP embraced object orientation with release 4.6C (2000) and saw even greater efficiency gains in ABAP 7.4/7.5, cutting code length by up to 50% via richer syntax, enhanced Open SQL, ABAP Managed Database Procedures, and Core Data Services (CDS) Views. The arrival of SAP HANA in 2011 shifted much processing into the in‑memory database layer, enabling real‑time operations and unlocking powerful new programming possibilities. -
30
COBOL
COBOL
COBOL is a programming language created for businesses. COBOL has been in use much longer than most other programming languages, having been created in 1959. COBOL is a procedural, imperative, and object-oriented programming language.