选题三:基于 FPGA 的多功能协议调试器 设计要求: 使用高云 FPGA 设计一个多功能数字信号调试器(推荐使用 ACG525 或 ACG720),能够实现对各种数字信号的分析和调试功能 基础要求: 1、 串行协议转换:基于 CDC 串口驱动的 USB 转 SPI、I2C、UART、多路 PWM 输出 2、 数字信号测量:能够测量周期性数字信号的频率、占空比、高低电平时间 3、 模拟信号采集:能够驱动高速 ADC(并口或 LVDS 接口,采样率不低于 10Msps)实现高速模拟信号的采集,存储和传输, 4、 模拟信号发生器:能够驱动高速 DAC(并口或 LVDS 接口,采样率不低于 10Msps)实现高速模拟信号输出,支持含正弦波、方波、三角波、锯齿波等不低于 5 种波形输出 给出每个模块的详细代码和设计思路
时间: 2025-09-02 22:21:16 AIGC 浏览: 27
### 设计思路
#### 串行协议转换模块
串行协议转换模块用于在不同串行通信协议之间进行数据转换,如UART转SPI。其核心思路是解析输入协议的数据帧,提取有效数据,然后按照目标协议的格式重新封装并发送。首先,根据输入协议的特点设计接收逻辑,将接收到的串行数据转换为并行数据。接着,对并行数据进行处理,可能包括数据校验、格式转换等。最后,根据目标协议的时序要求,将处理后的数据转换为串行数据发送出去。
#### 数字信号测量模块
数字信号测量模块主要用于测量数字信号的频率、占空比等参数。通过计数器对信号的上升沿和下降沿进行计数,结合时钟信号的周期,可以计算出信号的频率和占空比。在FPGA中,可以使用硬件计数器和状态机来实现这一功能。状态机用于控制测量过程的各个阶段,如信号的捕获、计数和结果计算。
#### 模拟信号采集模块
模拟信号采集模块通过ADC(模拟 - 数字转换器)将模拟信号转换为数字信号。FPGA需要控制ADC的采样时序,确保ADC按照设定的采样频率进行采样。同时,FPGA还需要接收并处理ADC输出的数字数据,可能包括数据滤波、校准等操作。
#### 模拟信号发生器模块
模拟信号发生器模块通过DAC(数字 - 模拟转换器)将数字信号转换为模拟信号。FPGA需要生成特定波形的数字信号,如正弦波、方波等。可以使用查找表(LUT)来存储波形数据,通过不断读取LUT中的数据并输出到DAC,实现模拟信号的生成。
### 代码示例
#### 串行协议转换模块(UART转SPI示例)
```verilog
// UART接收模块
module uart_receiver (
input wire clk,
input wire rst_n,
input wire uart_rx,
output reg [7:0] data_out,
output reg data_valid
);
// 波特率计数器
reg [15:0] baud_count;
// 状态机状态
reg [3:0] state;
// 数据位计数器
reg [2:0] bit_count;
// 状态机定义
localparam IDLE = 4'b0000;
localparam START = 4'b0001;
localparam DATA = 4'b0010;
localparam STOP = 4'b0011;
always @(posedge clk or negedge rst_n) begin
if (!rst_n) begin
baud_count <= 16'd0;
state <= IDLE;
bit_count <= 3'd0;
data_out <= 8'd0;
data_valid <= 1'b0;
end else begin
case (state)
IDLE: begin
if (!uart_rx) begin
state <= START;
baud_count <= 16'd0;
end
end
START: begin
if (baud_count == 16'd16) begin
state <= DATA;
baud_count <= 16'd0;
bit_count <= 3'd0;
end else begin
baud_count <= baud_count + 16'd1;
end
end
DATA: begin
if (baud_count == 16'd32) begin
data_out[bit_count] <= uart_rx;
bit_count <= bit_count + 3'd1;
baud_count <= 16'd0;
if (bit_count == 3'd7) begin
state <= STOP;
end
end else begin
baud_count <= baud_count + 16'd1;
end
end
STOP: begin
if (baud_count == 16'd32) begin
state <= IDLE;
data_valid <= 1'b1;
baud_count <= 16'd0;
end else begin
baud_count <= baud_count + 16'd1;
data_valid <= 1'b0;
end
end
endcase
end
end
endmodule
// SPI发送模块
module spi_transmitter (
input wire clk,
input wire rst_n,
input wire [7:0] data_in,
input wire data_valid,
output reg spi_sck,
output reg spi_mosi
);
// 位计数器
reg [2:0] bit_count;
// 状态机状态
reg [1:0] state;
// 状态机定义
localparam IDLE = 2'b00;
localparam TRANSFER = 2'b01;
always @(posedge clk or negedge rst_n) begin
if (!rst_n) begin
bit_count <= 3'd0;
state <= IDLE;
spi_sck <= 1'b0;
spi_mosi <= 1'b0;
end else begin
case (state)
IDLE: begin
if (data_valid) begin
state <= TRANSFER;
bit_count <= 3'd7;
spi_mosi <= data_in[bit_count];
end
end
TRANSFER: begin
if (bit_count == 3'd0) begin
state <= IDLE;
spi_sck <= 1'b0;
end else begin
spi_sck <= ~spi_sck;
if (spi_sck) begin
bit_count <= bit_count - 3'd1;
spi_mosi <= data_in[bit_count];
end
end
end
endcase
end
end
endmodule
// 顶层模块
module uart_to_spi (
input wire clk,
input wire rst_n,
input wire uart_rx,
output wire spi_sck,
output wire spi_mosi
);
wire [7:0] data_out;
wire data_valid;
uart_receiver uart_rx_inst (
.clk(clk),
.rst_n(rst_n),
.uart_rx(uart_rx),
.data_out(data_out),
.data_valid(data_valid)
);
spi_transmitter spi_tx_inst (
.clk(clk),
.rst_n(rst_n),
.data_in(data_out),
.data_valid(data_valid),
.spi_sck(spi_sck),
.spi_mosi(spi_mosi)
);
endmodule
```
#### 数字信号测量模块
```verilog
module digital_signal_measurement (
input wire clk,
input wire rst_n,
input wire signal_in,
output reg [31:0] frequency,
output reg [31:0] duty_cycle
);
// 上升沿计数器
reg [31:0] rising_count;
// 下降沿计数器
reg [31:0] falling_count;
// 时钟周期计数器
reg [31:0] clk_count;
// 状态机状态
reg [1:0] state;
// 状态机定义
localparam IDLE = 2'b00;
localparam COUNT_RISING = 2'b01;
localparam COUNT_FALLING = 2'b10;
always @(posedge clk or negedge rst_n) begin
if (!rst_n) begin
rising_count <= 32'd0;
falling_count <= 32'd0;
clk_count <= 32'd0;
state <= IDLE;
frequency <= 32'd0;
duty_cycle <= 32'd0;
end else begin
case (state)
IDLE: begin
if (signal_in) begin
state <= COUNT_RISING;
rising_count <= 32'd0;
falling_count <= 32'd0;
clk_count <= 32'd0;
end
end
COUNT_RISING: begin
clk_count <= clk_count + 32'd1;
if (!signal_in) begin
state <= COUNT_FALLING;
falling_count <= 32'd0;
end else begin
rising_count <= rising_count + 32'd1;
end
end
COUNT_FALLING: begin
clk_count <= clk_count + 32'd1;
if (signal_in) begin
state <= COUNT_RISING;
// 计算频率
frequency <= clk_count / (rising_count + falling_count);
// 计算占空比
duty_cycle <= (rising_count * 100) / (rising_count + falling_count);
rising_count <= 32'd0;
falling_count <= 32'd0;
end else begin
falling_count <= falling_count + 32'd1;
end
end
endcase
end
end
endmodule
```
#### 模拟信号采集模块(假设使用简单的ADC接口)
```verilog
module analog_signal_acquisition (
input wire clk,
input wire rst_n,
input wire adc_cs_n,
input wire adc_sck,
input wire adc_miso,
output reg [11:0] adc_data
);
// 数据位计数器
reg [3:0] bit_count;
// 状态机状态
reg [1:0] state;
// 状态机定义
localparam IDLE = 2'b00;
localparam READ_DATA = 2'b01;
always @(posedge clk or negedge rst_n) begin
if (!rst_n) begin
bit_count <= 4'd0;
state <= IDLE;
adc_data <= 12'd0;
end else begin
case (state)
IDLE: begin
if (!adc_cs_n) begin
state <= READ_DATA;
bit_count <= 4'd0;
end
end
READ_DATA: begin
if (adc_sck) begin
adc_data[11 - bit_count] <= adc_miso;
bit_count <= bit_count + 4'd1;
if (bit_count == 4'd11) begin
state <= IDLE;
end
end
end
endcase
end
end
endmodule
```
#### 模拟信号发生器模块(正弦波发生器示例)
```verilog
module analog_signal_generator (
input wire clk,
input wire rst_n,
output reg [11:0] dac_data
);
// 相位计数器
reg [15:0] phase_count;
// 查找表地址
reg [7:0] lut_addr;
// 正弦波查找表
reg [11:0] sine_lut [255:0];
// 初始化正弦波查找表
initial begin
integer i;
for (i = 0; i < 256; i = i + 1) begin
sine_lut[i] = 12'd2048 + 12'd2047 * $sin(2 * 3.14159 * i / 256);
end
end
always @(posedge clk or negedge rst_n) begin
if (!rst_n) begin
phase_count <= 16'd0;
lut_addr <= 8'd0;
dac_data <= 12'd0;
end else begin
phase_count <= phase_count + 16'd1;
lut_addr <= phase_count[15:8];
dac_data <= sine_lut[lut_addr];
end
end
endmodule
```
###
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