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时间: 2025-01-25 10:08:07 浏览: 126
### 解决 `findfont: Font family 'SimHei' not found` 错误 当遇到 `findfont: Font family 'SimHei' not found` 的错误提示时,这通常意味着 Matplotlib 无法找到指定的字体文件。为了有效解决问题,可以从以下几个方面入手: #### 1. 安装缺失的字体 如果本地环境中确实缺少所需的 SimHei 字体,则需要先下载并安装该字体。对于 Linux 用户来说,可以通过包管理器来完成这一操作;而对于 Windows 和 macOS 用户而言,可以直接从互联网上获取官方发布的 TTF 文件,并将其放置于系统的字体目录下。 #### 2. 更新配置文件路径设置 有时即使已经正确安装了字体,Matplotlib 可能仍然会报告找不到相应字体的情况。此时可以尝试更新 Matplotlib 配置中的字体路径列表,确保其包含了新添加的字体位置[^1]。 ```python import matplotlib.font_manager as fm # 手动添加自定义字体路径到搜索范围 fm.fontManager.addfont('/path/to/SimHei.ttf') ``` #### 3. 设置默认字体属性 为了避免每次绘图都需要单独设定字体名称,在初始化阶段就可以通过修改 rcParams 参数的方式一次性为整个项目指定期望使用的中文字体[^3]。 ```python from matplotlib import pyplot as plt plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['SimHei'] plt.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False # 正常显示负号 ``` #### 4. 检查已加载字体清单 利用 Python 脚本动态查询当前可用的所有字体名及其对应的物理文件地址,以此确认目标字体是否已被成功识别并加入到了渲染引擎的支持范围内[^2]。 ```python for i in sorted([f.name for f in fm.fontManager.ttflist]): print(i) ``` 以上方法能够帮助排查和修复由于缺乏适当字体而导致的各种异常现象。值得注意的是,不同操作系统平台之间可能存在细微差异,因此具体实施过程中还需参照各自环境的特点灵活调整策略。
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import pandas as pd import numpy as np import matplotlib.pyplot as plt from scipy.signal import savgol_filter # 修正函数名称 from sklearn.decomposition import PCA from sklearn.cluster import KMeans from sklearn.preprocessing import StandardScaler import seaborn as sns from matplotlib.ticker import MaxNLocator # 设置中文显示 plt.rcParams["font.family"] = ["SimHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Heiti TC"] plt.rcParams["axes.unicode_minus"] = False # 解决负号显示问题 # 1. 读取数据 - 请将此处路径修改为你的文件实际路径 df = pd.read_excel('附件 1_预处理后.xlsx') # 修改为本地文件路径 # 提取光谱数据(排除No列) spectra_data = df.iloc[:, 1:].values # 所有样本的光谱数据 wavelengths = df.columns[1:].astype(int) # 波数 sample_ids = df['No'].values # 样本编号 # 2. SG平滑与一阶导数处理(使用论文问题一参数) window_length = 11 # 窗口大小 poly_order = 2 # 多项式阶数 # SG平滑 - 使用修正后的函数名称 sg_smoothed = savgol_filter(spectra_data, window_length, poly_order, axis=1) # 一阶导数 sg_first_deriv = np.gradient(sg_smoothed, axis=1) # 3. 数据标准化 scaler = StandardScaler() scaled_data = scaler.fit_transform(sg_first_deriv) # 4. PCA降维(根据论文问题一,SG一阶导数需要12个主成分) pca = PCA(n_components=12) pca_result = pca.fit_transform(scaled_data) # 5. K-means聚类(分为6个类别) kmeans = KMeans(n_clusters=6, random_state=42, n_init=10) clusters = kmeans.fit_predict(pca_result) # 6. 保存聚类结果 cluster_results = pd.DataFrame({ '样本编号': sample_ids, '聚类类别': clusters + 1 # 类别从1开始 }) cluster_results.to_excel('聚类结果.xlsx', index=False) print("聚类结果已保存至'聚类结果.xlsx'") # 7. 可视化聚类结果(图9SG风格) # 7.1 各类别中心光谱一阶导数曲线 plt.figure(figsize=(12, 8)) for cluster_id in range(6): # 获取该类别的所有样本 cluster_samples = sg_first_deriv[clusters == cluster_id] # 计算均值曲线 mean_curve = np.mean(cluster_samples, axis=0) # 绘制曲线 plt.plot(wavelengths, mean_curve, label=f'类别{cluster_id + 1}', linewidth=2) plt.xlabel('波数 (cm⁻¹)') plt.ylabel('SG一阶导数') plt.title('各类别SG一阶平滑导数平均曲线') plt.legend(loc='best') plt.grid(alpha=0.3) plt.tight_layout() plt.savefig('各类别SG一阶导数平均曲线.png', dpi=300) plt.show() # 7.2 PCA降维可视化(前2个主成分) plt.figure(figsize=(10, 8)) scatter = plt.scatter(pca_result[:, 0], pca_result[:, 1], c=clusters, cmap='tab10', alpha=0.7, s=50) plt.xlabel(f'主成分1 (贡献率: {pca.explained_variance_ratio_[0]:.2%})') plt.ylabel(f'主成分2 (贡献率: {pca.explained_variance_ratio_[1]:.2%})') plt.title('PCA降维聚类散点图 (前2个主成分)') plt.colorbar(scatter, label='聚类类别') plt.grid(alpha=0.3) plt.tight_layout() plt.savefig('PCA降维聚类散点图.png', dpi=300) plt.show() # 7.3 聚类类别数量统计 plt.figure(figsize=(8, 6)) sns.countplot(x=clusters + 1) plt.xlabel('聚类类别') plt.ylabel('样本数量') plt.title('各类别样本数量分布') plt.xticks(range(6), [f'类别{i+1}' for i in range(6)]) plt.gca().yaxis.set_major_locator(MaxNLocator(integer=True)) # 确保y轴为整数 plt.grid(axis='y', alpha=0.3) plt.tight_layout() plt.savefig('各类别样本数量分布.png', dpi=300) plt.show() # 8. 输出聚类中心的主成分值 cluster_centers = pd.DataFrame( kmeans.cluster_centers_, columns=[f'主成分{i+1}' for i in range(12)] ) cluster_centers.index.name = '聚类类别' cluster_centers.index += 1 # 类别从1开始 print("\n聚类中心的主成分值:") print(cluster_centers) 代码如上 报错内容如下 E:\Anaconda\python.exe "C:\Users\cheny\Desktop\PythonProject2\图 9SG 一阶平滑导数聚类特征类别.py" E:\Anaconda\Lib\site-packages\sklearn\cluster\_kmeans.py:1429: UserWarning: KMeans is known to have a memory leak on Windows with MKL, when there are less chunks than available threads. You can avoid it by setting the environment variable OMP_NUM_THREADS=2. warnings.warn( 聚类结果已保存至'聚类结果.xlsx' findfont: Font family 'WenQuanYi Micro Hei' not found. findfont: Font family 'Heiti TC' not found. findfont: Font family 'WenQuanYi Micro Hei' not found. findfont: Font family 'Heiti TC' not found. findfont: Font family 'WenQuanYi Micro Hei' not found. findfont: Font family 'Heiti TC' not found. findfont: Font family 'WenQuanYi Micro Hei' not found. findfont: Font family 'Heiti TC' not found. findfont: Font family 'WenQuanYi Micro Hei' not found. findfont: Font family 'Heiti TC' not found. findfont: Font family 'WenQuanYi Micro Hei' not found. findfont: Font family 'Heiti TC' not found. findfont: Font family 'WenQuanYi Micro Hei' not found. findfont: Font family 'Heiti TC' not found. findfont: Font family 'WenQuanYi Micro Hei' not found. findfont: Font family 'Heiti TC' not found. findfont: Font family 'WenQuanYi Micro Hei' not found. findfont: Font family 'Heiti TC' not found. findfont: Font family 'WenQuanYi Micro Hei' not found. findfont: Font family 'Heiti TC' not found. C:\Users\cheny\Desktop\PythonProject2\图 9SG 一阶平滑导数聚类特征类别.py:66: UserWarning: Glyph 8315 (\N{SUPERSCRIPT MINUS}) missing from font(s) SimHei. plt.tight_layout() C:\Users\cheny\Desktop\PythonProject2\图 9SG 一阶平滑导数聚类特征类别.py:66: UserWarning: Glyph 185 (\N{SUPERSCRIPT ONE}) missing from font(s) SimHei. plt.tight_layout() findfont: Font family 'WenQuanYi Micro Hei' not found. findfont: Font family 'Heiti TC' not found. findfont: Font family 'WenQuanYi Micro Hei' not found. findfont: Font family 'Heiti TC' not found. findfont: Font family 'WenQuanYi Micro Hei' not found. findfont: Font family 'Heiti TC' not found. findfont: Font family 'WenQuanYi Micro Hei' not found. findfont: Font family 'Heiti TC' not found. findfont: Font family 'WenQuanYi Micro Hei' not found. findfont: Font family 'Heiti TC' not found. findfont: Font family 'WenQuanYi Micro Hei' not found. findfont: Font family 'Heiti TC' not found. findfont: Font family 'WenQuanYi Micro Hei' not found. findfont: Font family 'Heiti TC' not found. findfont: Font family 'WenQuanYi Micro Hei' not found. findfont: Font family 'Heiti TC' not found. findfont: Font family 'WenQuanYi Micro Hei' not found. findfont: Font family 'Heiti TC' not found. findfont: Font family 'WenQuanYi Micro Hei' not found. findfont: Font family 'Heiti TC' not found. findfont: Font family 'WenQuanYi Micro Hei' not found. findfont: Font family 'Heiti TC' not found. findfont: Font family 'WenQuanYi Micro Hei' not found. findfont: Font family 'Heiti TC' not found. findfont: Font family 'WenQuanYi Micro Hei' not found. findfont: Font family 'Heiti TC' not found. findfont: Font family 'WenQuanYi Micro Hei' not found. findfont: Font family 'Heiti TC' not found. findfont: Font family 'WenQuanYi Micro Hei' not found. findfont: Font family 'Heiti TC' not found. findfont: Font family 'WenQuanYi Micro Hei' not found. findfont: Font family 'Heiti TC' not found. findfont: Font family 'WenQuanYi Micro Hei' not found. findfont: Font family 'Heiti TC' not found. findfont: Font family 'WenQuanYi Micro Hei' not found. findfont: Font family 'Heiti TC' not found. findfont: Font family 'WenQuanYi Micro Hei' not found. findfont: Font family 'Heiti TC' not found. findfont: Font family 'WenQuanYi Micro Hei' not found. findfont: Font family 'Heiti TC' not found. findfont: Font family 'WenQuanYi Micro Hei' not found. findfont: Font family 'Heiti TC' not found. findfont: Font family 'WenQuanYi Micro Hei' not found. findfont: Font family 'Heiti TC' not found. findfont: Font family 'WenQuanYi Micro Hei' not found. findfont: Font family 'Heiti TC' not found. findfont: Font family 'WenQuanYi Micro Hei' not found. findfont: Font family 'Heiti TC' not found. findfont: Font family 'WenQuanYi Micro Hei' not found. findfont: Font family 'Heiti TC' not found. findfont: Font family 'WenQuanYi Micro Hei' not found. findfont: Font family 'Heiti TC' not found. findfont: Font family 'WenQuanYi Micro Hei' not found. findfont: Font family 'Heiti TC' not found. findfont: Font family 'WenQuanYi Micro Hei' not found. findfont: Font family 'Heiti TC' not found. findfont: Font family 'WenQuanYi Micro Hei' not found. findfont: Font family 'Heiti TC' not found. findfont: Font family 'WenQuanYi Micro Hei' not found. findfont: Font family 'Heiti TC' not found. findfont: Font family 'WenQuanYi Micro Hei' not found. findfont: Font family 'Heiti TC' not found. findfont: Font family 'WenQuanYi Micro Hei' not found. findfont: Font family 'Heiti TC' not found. findfont: Font family 'WenQuanYi Micro Hei' not found. findfont: Font family 'Heiti TC' not found. findfont: Font family 'WenQuanYi Micro Hei' not found. findfont: Font family 'Heiti TC' not found. findfont: Font family 'WenQuanYi Micro Hei' not found. findfont: Font family 'Heiti TC' not found. findfont: Font family 'WenQuanYi Micro Hei' not found. findfont: Font family 'Heiti TC' not found. findfont: Font family 'WenQuanYi Micro Hei' not found. findfont: Font family 'Heiti TC' not found. findfont: Font family 'WenQuanYi Micro Hei' not found. findfont: Font family 'Heiti TC' not found. findfont: Font family 'WenQuanYi Micro Hei' not found. findfont: Font family 'Heiti TC' not found. findfont: Font family 'WenQuanYi Micro Hei' not found. findfont: Font family 'Heiti TC' not found. C:\Users\cheny\Desktop\PythonProject2\图 9SG 一阶平滑导数聚类特征类别.py:67: UserWarning: Glyph 8315 (\N{SUPERSCRIPT MINUS}) missing from font(s) SimHei. plt.savefig('各类别SG一阶导数平均曲线.png', dpi=300) C:\Users\cheny\Desktop\PythonProject2\图 9SG 一阶平滑导数聚类特征类别.py:67: UserWarning: Glyph 185 (\N{SUPERSCRIPT ONE}) missing from font(s) SimHei. plt.savefig('各类别SG一阶导数平均曲线.png', dpi=300) findfont: Font family 'WenQuanYi Micro Hei' not found. findfont: Font family 'Heiti TC' not found. findfont: Font family 'WenQuanYi Micro Hei' not found. findfont: Font family 'Heiti TC' not found. findfont: Font family 'WenQuanYi Micro Hei' not found. findfont: Font family 'Heiti TC' not found. findfont: Font family 'WenQuanYi Micro Hei' not found. findfont: Font family 'Heiti TC' not found. findfont: Font family 'WenQuanYi Micro Hei' not found. findfont: Font family 'Heiti TC' not found. findfont: Font family 'WenQuanYi Micro Hei' not found. findfont: Font family 'Heiti TC' not found. findfont: Font family 'WenQuanYi Micro Hei' 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Micro Hei' not found. findfont: Font family 'Heiti TC' not found. findfont: Font family 'WenQuanYi Micro Hei' not found. findfont: Font family 'Heiti TC' not found. findfont: Font family 'WenQuanYi Micro Hei' not found. findfont: Font family 'Heiti TC' not found. findfont: Font family 'WenQuanYi Micro Hei' not found. findfont: Font family 'Heiti TC' not found. findfont: Font family 'WenQuanYi Micro Hei' not found. findfont: Font family 'Heiti TC' not found. findfont: Font family 'WenQuanYi Micro Hei' not found. findfont: Font family 'Heiti TC' not found. findfont: Font family 'WenQuanYi Micro Hei' not found. findfont: Font family 'Heiti TC' not found. findfont: Font family 'WenQuanYi Micro Hei' not found. findfont: Font family 'Heiti TC' not found. findfont: Font family 'WenQuanYi Micro Hei' not found. findfont: Font family 'Heiti TC' not found. C:\Users\cheny\Desktop\PythonProject2\图 9SG 一阶平滑导数聚类特征类别.py:68: UserWarning: Glyph 8315 (\N{SUPERSCRIPT MINUS}) missing from font(s) SimHei. plt.show() C:\Users\cheny\Desktop\PythonProject2\图 9SG 一阶平滑导数聚类特征类别.py:68: UserWarning: Glyph 185 (\N{SUPERSCRIPT ONE}) missing from font(s) SimHei. plt.show() findfont: Font family 'WenQuanYi Micro Hei' not found. findfont: Font family 'Heiti TC' not found. findfont: Font family 'WenQuanYi Micro Hei' not found. findfont: Font family 'Heiti TC' not found. findfont: Font family 'WenQuanYi Micro Hei' not found. findfont: Font family 'Heiti TC' not found. findfont: Font family 'WenQuanYi Micro Hei' not found. findfont: Font family 'Heiti TC' not found. findfont: Font family 'WenQuanYi Micro Hei' not found. findfont: Font family 'Heiti TC' not found. findfont: Font family 'WenQuanYi Micro Hei' not found. findfont: Font family 'Heiti TC' not found. findfont: Font family 'WenQuanYi Micro Hei' not found. findfont: Font family 'Heiti TC' not found. findfont: Font family 'WenQuanYi Micro Hei' not found. findfont: Font family 'Heiti TC' not found. findfont: Font family 'WenQuanYi Micro Hei' not found. findfont: Font family 'Heiti TC' not found. findfont: Font family 'WenQuanYi Micro Hei' not found. findfont: Font family 'Heiti TC' not found. findfont: Font family 'WenQuanYi Micro Hei' not found. findfont: Font family 'Heiti TC' not found. findfont: Font family 'WenQuanYi Micro Hei' not found. findfont: Font family 'Heiti TC' not found. findfont: Font family 'WenQuanYi Micro Hei' not found. findfont: Font family 'Heiti TC' not found. findfont: Font family 'WenQuanYi Micro Hei' not found. findfont: Font family 'Heiti TC' not found. findfont: Font family 'WenQuanYi Micro Hei' not found. findfont: Font family 'Heiti TC' not found. findfont: Font family 'WenQuanYi Micro Hei' not found. findfont: Font family 'Heiti TC' not found. findfont: Font family 'WenQuanYi Micro Hei' not found. findfont: Font family 'Heiti TC' not found. findfont: 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family 'WenQuanYi Micro Hei' not found. findfont: Font family 'Heiti TC' not found. findfont: Font family 'WenQuanYi Micro Hei' not found. findfont: Font family 'Heiti TC' not found. findfont: Font family 'WenQuanYi Micro Hei' not found. findfont: Font family 'Heiti TC' not found. findfont: Font family 'WenQuanYi Micro Hei' not found. findfont: Font family 'Heiti TC' not found. findfont: Font family 'WenQuanYi Micro Hei' not found. findfont: Font family 'Heiti TC' not found. findfont: Font family 'WenQuanYi Micro Hei' not found. findfont: Font family 'Heiti TC' not found. findfont: Font family 'WenQuanYi Micro Hei' not found. findfont: Font family 'Heiti TC' not found. findfont: Font family 'WenQuanYi Micro Hei' not found. findfont: Font family 'Heiti TC' not found. findfont: Font family 'WenQuanYi Micro Hei' not found. findfont: Font family 'Heiti TC' not found. findfont: Font family 'WenQuanYi Micro Hei' not found. findfont: Font family 'Heiti TC' not found. findfont: Font family 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Micro Hei' not found. findfont: Font family 'Heiti TC' not found. findfont: Font family 'WenQuanYi Micro Hei' not found. findfont: Font family 'Heiti TC' not found. findfont: Font family 'WenQuanYi Micro Hei' not found. findfont: Font family 'Heiti TC' not found. findfont: Font family 'WenQuanYi Micro Hei' not found. findfont: Font family 'Heiti TC' not found.

import pandas as pd import matplotlib.pyplot as plt import numpy as np from sklearn.decomposition import PCA from sklearn.preprocessing import StandardScaler # 设置文件路径(请替换为你的实际文件路径) file_path = "附件 1_预处理后.xlsx" # 请确保路径正确 # 读取数据 df = pd.read_excel(file_path, index_col='No') # 数据标准化(PCA前通常需要标准化处理) scaler = StandardScaler() scaled_data = scaler.fit_transform(df) # 执行主成分分析 pca = PCA() pca.fit(scaled_data) # 获取各主成分的贡献率 explained_variance_ratio = pca.explained_variance_ratio_ cumulative_variance_ratio = np.cumsum(explained_variance_ratio) # 设置中文字体 plt.rcParams["font.family"] = ["SimHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Heiti TC"] plt.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False # 创建图形 plt.figure(figsize=(12, 6)) # 绘制单个主成分的贡献率(柱状图) plt.bar(range(1, len(explained_variance_ratio) + 1), explained_variance_ratio, alpha=0.7, label='单个贡献率') # 绘制累积贡献率(折线图) plt.plot(range(1, len(cumulative_variance_ratio) + 1), cumulative_variance_ratio, 'r-', marker='o', label='累积贡献率') # 添加参考线(通常选择累积贡献率达到95%的点) threshold = 0.95 n_components = np.argmax(cumulative_variance_ratio >= threshold) + 1 plt.axhline(y=threshold, color='g', linestyle='--', label=f'95%阈值') plt.axvline(x=n_components, color='g', linestyle='--') # 添加标签和标题 plt.title('图4 原始贡献率', fontsize=15) plt.xlabel('主成分数量', fontsize=12) plt.ylabel('贡献率', fontsize=12) plt.xlim(0, min(20, len(explained_variance_ratio))) # 限制显示前20个主成分,避免过于拥挤 plt.ylim(0, 1.05) plt.legend() plt.grid(axis='y', linestyle='--', alpha=0.5) # 调整布局 plt.tight_layout() # 显示图形 plt.show() 代码内容如上| 报错内容如下 E:\Anaconda\python.exe C:\Users\cheny\Desktop\PythonProject2\图4原始贡献率.py findfont: Font family 'WenQuanYi Micro Hei' not found. findfont: Font family 'Heiti TC' not found. findfont: Font family 'WenQuanYi Micro Hei' not found. findfont: Font family 'Heiti TC' not found. findfont: Font family 'WenQuanYi Micro Hei' not found. findfont: Font family 'Heiti TC' not found. findfont: Font family 'WenQuanYi Micro Hei' not found. findfont: Font family 'Heiti TC' not found. findfont: Font family 'WenQuanYi Micro Hei' not found. findfont: Font family 'Heiti TC' not found. findfont: Font family 'WenQuanYi Micro Hei' not found. findfont: Font family 'Heiti TC' not found. findfont: Font family 'WenQuanYi Micro Hei' not found. findfont: Font family 'Heiti TC' not found. findfont: Font family 'WenQuanYi Micro Hei' not found. findfont: Font family 'Heiti TC' not found. findfont: Font family 'WenQuanYi Micro Hei' not found. findfont: Font family 'Heiti TC' not found. findfont: Font family 'WenQuanYi Micro Hei' not found. findfont: Font family 'Heiti TC' not found. findfont: Font family 'WenQuanYi Micro Hei' not found. findfont: Font family 'Heiti TC' not found. findfont: Font family 'WenQuanYi Micro Hei' not found. findfont: Font family 'Heiti TC' not found. findfont: Font family 'WenQuanYi Micro Hei' not found. findfont: Font family 'Heiti TC' not found. findfont: Font family 'WenQuanYi Micro Hei' not found. findfont: Font family 'Heiti TC' not found. findfont: Font family 'WenQuanYi 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