where 位r is the loss incurred for choosing the (c + 1)-th action (rejection
时间: 2024-01-09 16:02:13 浏览: 163
在选择第(c+1)个行动(拒绝)时所产生的损失位r在于,拒绝可能导致错过一些潜在的机会或者带来一些不利影响。在实际决策中,拒绝通常被视为一种保守的选项,因为它可能会减少可能的收益,但同时也可以避免一些潜在的风险或损失。
对于某些决策问题而言,拒绝可能会导致错失一些机会,特别是在涉及到时效性或者竞争性的决策中。在这种情况下,拒绝所带来的损失可能会显得更加重要,因为这可能会导致失去某种优势地位或者前进的机会。
另一方面,拒绝也可以作为一种预防性的决策,帮助我们避免一些潜在的损失或者风险。在一些不确定的情况下,拒绝可以帮助我们避免可能的负面影响,保持现有的利益或者避免陷入一些潜在的风险。
因此,对于拒绝所带来的损失位r,需要在具体的决策情境中进行权衡和评估,在考虑潜在的收益和风险的基础上作出相应的决策。拒绝可以被看作是一种权衡利弊,需要综合考虑多方面的因素才能做出合适的决策。
相关问题
机器翻译International Sale and Purchase Contract 1. This Agreement is made on [date]. 2. This Agreement is made between [full name of party A] of [address of party A], a/an [description and nationality of party A] ("Seller"), and full name of party B] of [address of party B], a/an [description and nationality of party B] ("Buyer"). 3. SALE AND PURCHASE OF GOODS. The Seller agrees to sell to the Buyer, and the Buyer agrees to purchase from the Seller, goods (the "Goods") that are [specify either as described in the attached Exhibit A, which is incorporated into this Agreement or of the following type for the price and quantity stated: Model Number: Description: Quantity: Price: Total Price:] 4. TERMS OF PAYMENT. The Buyer will pay the purchase price [specify, e.g., on or before (date) or not later than (number) days before the Delivery Date]. The payment must be remitted to the Seller at [the address stated above or specify other address]. The payment must be made in [currency] by means of [instrument of transfer]. 5. COSTS AND CHARGES. The buyer is responsible for the following costs and charges incurred in the sale and transport of the goods: [list]. The seller is responsible for the following costs and charges incurred in the sale and transport of the goods: [list]. 6. PACKAGING ARRANGEMENTS. The Seller has discretion in packaging the goods, provided that the packaging must withstand transportation, prevent damage to the goods during transport, and comply with the following requirements: [specify, e.g., product warning and origin marking laws of the Buyer's country, as set forth in Exhibit A annexed to this Agreement]. The Seller will endeavor to complete all packaging within time for the Delivery Date. If there is any delay, the Seller will immediately notify the Buyer of the delay, the expected time for completion, and the reason for the delay. The Buyer will then have the option to renegotiate with the Seller for a new Delivery Date, which the parties will confirm
<think>好的,我需要帮助用户翻译一份国际销售和采购合同,包含协议细节、货物描述、付款条款、费用分配、包装安排等部分。首先,用户可能希望得到准确且专业的翻译,因为合同涉及法律条款,必须严谨。
用户提到使用机器翻译,我需要推荐合适的工具。谷歌翻译和DeepL是常见选择,但DeepL在专业文档上表现更好,准确度更高,适合法律文本。需要提醒用户机器翻译的局限性,建议后期由法律专业人士审校。
接下来,各部分的具体翻译需要注意术语的准确性。例如,“Agreement Details”应译为“协议细节”,“Payment Terms”是“付款条款”。可能需要举例说明关键条款的翻译,比如分批付款的条款,使用正确的法律术语。
费用分配部分,比如“Costs Distribution”,需明确各方承担的费用,如关税、运输保险等,翻译时要保持清晰的结构。包装安排要具体说明材料、标识等,确保译文符合行业标准。
最后,强调合同翻译的注意事项,比如保持一致性、注意法律差异,以及保密性。用户可能需要了解整个流程,从机器翻译到人工审核的步骤,确保合同的法律效力。
相关问题部分,用户可能关心如何选择翻译工具、法律审校的重要性、合同条款的注意事项等,需要生成相关问题引导进一步学习。</think>### 国际销售与采购合同机器翻译指南
#### 一、推荐工具
1. **DeepL翻译**(专业文档首选)
- 支持32种语言互译
- 专业术语库可预加载法律词汇表
- 提供$PDF$文档直接翻译功能[^2]
2. **Google Translate**(基础需求)
- 实时网页翻译插件
- 支持108种语言
- 免费版每日10,000字符限制
#### 二、核心条款翻译示例
$$ \text{Payment Terms} = \begin{cases}
30\% \text{预付款} & \text{合同签署后}7\text{日} \\
70\% \text{见提单副本} & \text{货装船后}24\text{小时}
\end{cases} $$
**费用分配条款**:
```
The Buyer shall bear all import duties and taxes (Article 6.2)
需方承担全部进口关税及税费(第6.2条)
```
#### 三、注意事项
1. **法律效力保障**
- 翻译后需经持证法律翻译公证($50-120\text{美元}/\text{页}$)
- 建议使用$Trados$等CAT工具保持术语一致性[^3]
2. **包装条款特殊要求
- 防潮标识:$\uparrow$+$\text{保持干燥}$(双语标注)
- 危险品需符合$IMO 6.1\text{类包装标准}$
#### 四、典型错误规避
- 错误:"Force Majeure"直译为"巨大力量"
- 正确:"不可抗力(Force Majeure)"
- 依据:$CISG Article 79$[^4]
% OPMODE denotes the operation mode of the decoder. Choices are: % 'trunc' : The encoder is assumed to have started at the all-zeros state. % The decoder traces back from the state with the best metric. % 'term' : The encoder is assumed to have both started and ended at the % all-zeros state. The decoder traces back from the all-zeros % state. % 'cont' : The encoder is assumed to have started at the all-zeros state. % The decoder traces back from the state with the best metric. A % delay equal to TBLEN symbols is incurred.
这是一段MATLAB程序的注释,描述了一个语音编解码器的操作模式。OPMODE是一个变量,用来指定解码器的操作模式,可以取三个值:'trunc','term'和'cont'。'trunc'模式下,解码器假设编码器从零状态开始工作,从最佳度量状态进行回溯;'term'模式下,解码器假设编码器从零状态开始且在零状态结束,从零状态进行回溯;'cont'模式下,解码器假设编码器从零状态开始工作,从最佳度量状态进行回溯,并且需要延迟TBLEN个符号的时间。这三种模式可以用于不同的解码应用场景,以满足对不同语音数据的解码需求。
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