springboot发送邮件发送方多个

### Spring Boot 配置多个邮件发送方的解决方案 为了支持在 Spring Boot 中配置并切换多个电子邮件发送者，可以通过自定义 `JavaMailSender` 实现动态设置发件人地址。以下是详细的实现方法： #### 1. 添加依赖项 确保项目中的 `pom.xml` 文件包含以下 Maven 依赖项以启用邮件功能[^2]： ```xml <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-mail</artifactId> </dependency> ``` #### 2. 定义多邮箱配置属性 创建一个类用于加载不同的邮件服务器配置。可以将这些配置存储在 `application.properties` 或 `application.yml` 文件中。 ##### application.yml 示例 ```yaml mail: sender1: host: smtp.sender1.com port: 587 username: [email protected] password: pass1 protocol: smtp properties: mail.smtp.auth: true mail.smtp.starttls.enable: true sender2: host: smtp.sender2.com port: 465 username: [email protected] password: pass2 protocol: smtp properties: mail.smtp.ssl.enable: true ``` #### 3. 创建配置类读取属性 编写一个 Java 类来映射上述 YAML 属性到对象结构中[^3]。 ```java import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; @Component @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "mail") public class MailConfigurations { private Sender sender1; private Sender sender2; public static class Sender { private String host; private int port; private String username; private String password; private String protocol; private Properties properties; // Getters and Setters public String getHost() { return host; } public void setHost(String host) { this.host = host; } public int getPort() { return port; } public void setPort(int port) { this.port = port; } public String getUsername() { return username; } public void setUsername(String username) { this.username = username; } public String getPassword() { return password; } public void setPassword(String password) { this.password = password; } public String getProtocol() { return protocol; } public void setProtocol(String protocol) { this.protocol = protocol; } public java.util.Properties getProperties() { return properties; } public void setProperties(java.util.Properties properties) { this.properties = properties; } } // Getters and Setters for sender1, sender2 } ``` #### 4. 动态配置 `JavaMailSender` 通过工厂模式或条件注入的方式，在运行时选择合适的 `JavaMailSender` 实例。 ##### 工厂类示例 ```java import org.springframework.mail.javamail.JavaMailSenderImpl; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Primary; import org.springframework.stereotype.Service; @Service public class EmailSenderFactory { @Autowired private MailConfigurations mailConfigurations; public JavaMailSenderImpl createEmailSender(String senderKey) { MailConfigurations.Sender sender = null; switch (senderKey.toLowerCase()) { case "sender1": sender = mailConfigurations.getSender1(); break; case "sender2": sender = mailConfigurations.getSender2(); break; default: throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid sender key"); } JavaMailSenderImpl mailSender = new JavaMailSenderImpl(); mailSender.setHost(sender.getHost()); mailSender.setPort(sender.getPort()); mailSender.setUsername(sender.getUsername()); mailSender.setPassword(sender.getPassword()); mailSender.setDefaultEncoding("UTF-8"); java.util.Properties props = mailSender.getJavaMailProperties(); props.putAll(sender.getProperties()); return mailSender; } } ``` #### 5. 使用服务层调用不同发送器 在业务逻辑中根据需求动态选择发送方。 ```java import org.springframework.mail.SimpleMailMessage; import org.springframework.mail.javamail.JavaMailSender; import org.springframework.stereotype.Service; @Service public class EmailService { private final EmailSenderFactory emailSenderFactory; public EmailService(EmailSenderFactory emailSenderFactory) { this.emailSenderFactory = emailSenderFactory; } public void sendEmail(String senderKey, String recipient, String subject, String content) { JavaMailSender mailSender = emailSenderFactory.createEmailSender(senderKey); SimpleMailMessage message = new SimpleMailMessage(); message.setTo(recipient); message.setSubject(subject); message.setText(content); mailSender.send(message); } } ``` #### 6. 测试代码 测试以上实现是否能够正常工作。 ```java @SpringBootTest class EmailTest { @Autowired private EmailService emailService; @Test void testSendWithSender1() { emailService.sendEmail("sender1", "[email protected]", "Test Subject", "This is a test."); } @Test void testSendWithSender2() { emailService.sendEmail("sender2", "[email protected]", "Another Test", "Testing with second sender."); } } ``` --- ### 总结 此方案允许应用程序灵活地管理多个邮件发送者的配置，并能够在运行时动态切换它们。通过封装 `JavaMailSender` 的实例化过程，使代码更加模块化和可维护。