用socket实现windows进程间通信

### 使用 Socket 实现 Windows 平台上的进程间通信 在 Windows 平台上，可以通过使用 **TCP/IP 协议栈中的套接字（Socket）** 来实现进程间的通信。这种 IPC 方法允许在同一主机上运行的多个进程通过网络协议进行数据交换。尽管通常认为 Socket 是一种跨机器通信的方式，但在本地环境中也可以利用回环地址 `127.0.0.1` 或 UNIX 域套接字（如果支持的话），从而高效地完成进程间通信。 以下是具体方法以及示例代码： #### 服务器端代码 服务器负责监听来自客户端的连接请求并处理传入的数据流。 ```c #include <winsock2.h> #include <ws2tcpip.h> #include <stdio.h> #pragma comment(lib, "Ws2_32.lib") #define PORT 8080 #define MAX_BUFFER_SIZE 1024 int main() { WSADATA wsaData; int iResult = WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2, 2), &wsaData); if (iResult != NO_ERROR) { printf("WSAStartup failed with error: %d\n", iResult); return 1; } struct addrinfo hints, *res; ZeroMemory(&hints, sizeof(hints)); hints.ai_family = AF_INET; // IPv4 hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_STREAM; // TCP Stream hints.ai_protocol = IPPROTO_TCP; iResult = getaddrinfo(NULL, "8080", &hints, &res); if (iResult != 0) { printf("getaddrinfo failed with error: %d\n", iResult); WSACleanup(); return 1; } SOCKET ListenSocket = socket(res->ai_family, res->ai_socktype, res->ai_protocol); if (ListenSocket == INVALID_SOCKET) { freeaddrinfo(res); printf("Error at socket(): %ld\n", WSAGetLastError()); WSACleanup(); return 1; } iResult = bind(ListenSocket, res->ai_addr, (int)res->ai_addrlen); if (iResult == SOCKET_ERROR) { freeaddrinfo(res); closesocket(ListenSocket); printf("bind failed with error: %d\n", WSAGetLastError()); WSACleanup(); return 1; } freeaddrinfo(res); iResult = listen(ListenSocket, SOMAXCONN); // Start listening for client connections. if (iResult == SOCKET_ERROR) { printf("listen failed with error: %ld\n", WSAGetLastError()); closesocket(ListenSocket); WSACleanup(); return 1; } SOCKET ClientSocket = accept(ListenSocket, NULL, NULL); if (ClientSocket == INVALID_SOCKET) { printf("accept failed: %ld\n", WSAGetLastError()); closesocket(ListenSocket); WSACleanup(); return 1; } char recvbuf[MAX_BUFFER_SIZE]; int bytesReceived = recv(ClientSocket, recvbuf, MAX_BUFFER_SIZE, 0); if (bytesReceived > 0) { recvbuf[bytesReceived] = '\0'; printf("Bytes received from client: %s\n", recvbuf); } else { printf("recv failed: %ld\n", WSAGetLastError()); } closesocket(ClientSocket); closesocket(ListenSocket); WSACleanup(); return 0; } ``` #### 客户端代码 客户端发起与服务器的连接，并向其发送消息。 ```c #include <winsock2.h> #include <ws2tcpip.h> #include <stdio.h> #pragma comment(lib, "Ws2_32.lib") #define SERVER_IP "127.0.0.1" #define PORT 8080 int main() { WSADATA wsaData; int iResult = WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2, 2), &wsaData); if (iResult != NO_ERROR) { printf("WSAStartup failed with error: %d\n", iResult); return 1; } struct addrinfo hints, *res; ZeroMemory(&hints, sizeof(hints)); hints.ai_family = AF_UNSPEC; hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_STREAM; hints.ai_protocol = IPPROTO_TCP; iResult = getaddrinfo(SERVER_IP, "8080", &hints, &res); if (iResult != 0) { printf("getaddrinfo failed with error: %d\n", iResult); WSACleanup(); return 1; } SOCKET ConnectSocket = socket(res->ai_family, res->ai_socktype, res->ai_protocol); if (ConnectSocket == INVALID_SOCKET) { freeaddrinfo(res); printf("Error at socket(): %ld\n", WSAGetLastError()); WSACleanup(); return 1; } iResult = connect(ConnectSocket, res->ai_addr, (int)res->ai_addrlen); if (iResult == SOCKET_ERROR) { freeaddrinfo(res); closesocket(ConnectSocket); printf("connect failed: %ld\n", WSAGetLastError()); WSACleanup(); return 1; } freeaddrinfo(res); const char* sendbuf = "Hello Server!"; iResult = send(ConnectSocket, sendbuf, strlen(sendbuf), 0); if (iResult == SOCKET_ERROR) { printf("send failed: %ld\n", WSAGetLastError()); closesocket(ConnectSocket); WSACleanup(); return 1; } printf("Message sent to server.\n"); closesocket(ConnectSocket); WSACleanup(); return 0; } ``` 上述代码展示了如何基于 WinSock API 构建简单的客户端-服务器模型[^1]。需要注意的是，在实际应用中可能还需要考虑错误处理、超时设置以及其他高级功能以增强健壮性。 对于更高效的本地通信方案，可以探索 **Unix Domain Sockets 的替代品——命名管道（Named Pipes）或共享内存（Shared Memory）** 等技术，这些更适合于单机环境下的高性能需求场景[^4]。