PS D:\bert> pip install transformers==4.28.1 -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple Looking in indexes: https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple Collecting transformers==4.28.1 Downloading https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/packages/d8/a7/a6ff727fd5d96d6625f4658944a2ae230f0c75743a9a117fbda013b03d3d/transformers-4.28.1-py3-none-any.whl (7.0 MB) ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 7.0/7.0 MB 2.4 MB/s 0:00:03 Requirement already satisfied: filelock in d:\python\lib\site-packages (from transformers==4.28.1) (3.19.1) Requirement already satisfied: huggingface-hub<1.0,>=0.11.0 in d:\python\lib\site-packages (from transformers==4.28.1) (0.34.4) Requirement already satisfied: numpy>=1.17 in d:\python\lib\site-packages (from transformers==4.28.1) (2.3.2) Requirement already satisfied: packaging>=20.0 in d:\python\lib\site-packages (from transformers==4.28.1) (25.0) Requirement already satisfied: pyyaml>=5.1 in d:\python\lib\site-packages (from transformers==4.28.1) (6.0.2) Requirement already satisfied: regex!=2019.12.17 in d:\python\lib\site-packages (from transformers==4.28.1) (2025.9.1) Requirement already satisfied: requests in d:\python\lib\site-packages (from transformers==4.28.1) (2.32.5) Collecting tokenizers!=0.11.3,<0.14,>=0.11.1 (from transformers==4.28.1) Downloading https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/packages/29/9c/936ebad6dd963616189d6362f4c2c03a0314cf2a221ba15e48dd714d29cf/tokenizers-0.13.3.tar.gz (314 kB) Installing build dependencies ... done Getting requirements to build wheel ... done Preparing metadata (pyproject.toml) ... done Requirement already satisfied: tqdm>=4.27 in d:\python\lib\site-packages (from transformers==4.28.1) (4.67.1) Requirement already satisfied: fsspec>=2023.5.0 in d:\python\lib\site-packages (from huggingface-hub<1.0,>=0.11.0->transformers==4.28.1) (2025.9.0) Requirement already satisfied: typing-extensions>=3.7.4.3 in d:\python\lib\site-packages (from huggingface-hub<1.0,>=0.11.0->transformers==4.28.1) (4.15.0) Requirement already satisfied: colorama in d:\python\lib\site-packages (from tqdm>=4.27->transformers==4.28.1) (0.4.6) Requirement already satisfied: charset_normalizer<4,>=2 in d:\python\lib\site-packages (from requests->transformers==4.28.1) (3.4.3) Requirement already satisfied: idna<4,>=2.5 in d:\python\lib\site-packages (from requests->transformers==4.28.1) (3.10) Requirement already satisfied: urllib3<3,>=1.21.1 in d:\python\lib\site-packages (from requests->transformers==4.28.1) (2.5.0) Requirement already satisfied: certifi>=2017.4.17 in d:\python\lib\site-packages (from requests->transformers==4.28.1) (2025.8.3) Building wheels for collected packages: tokenizers Building wheel for tokenizers (pyproject.toml) ... -

<think> 我们正在解决安装transformers 4.28.1时构建tokenizers库轮子失败的问题。tokenizers库是一个高性能的文本标记化库，通常需要从源代码构建，因为它包含Rust编写的部分。构建轮子失败可能是因为缺少构建依赖或环境问题。 常见原因及解决方案： 1. Rust编译器未安装或版本过低：tokenizers需要Rust来编译。请确保已安装Rust并更新到最新稳定版。 安装Rust: 使用命令 `curl --proto '=https' --tlsv1.2 -sSf https://sh.rustup.rs | sh` 或从官网下载。 更新Rust: `rustup update stable` 2. Python开发头文件缺失：在某些Linux系统上，需要安装python-dev或python3-dev包。 Ubuntu/Debian: `sudo apt-get install python3-dev` CentOS/RHEL: `sudo yum install python3-devel` 3. 构建工具缺失：如gcc, g++, make等。确保这些构建工具已安装。 Ubuntu/Debian: `sudo apt-get install build-essential` CentOS/RHEL: `sudo yum groupinstall "Development Tools"` 4. 使用预编译轮子：如果不想从源代码构建，可以尝试安装预编译的轮子。但transformers 4.28.1对应的tokenizers版本可能没有为你的平台提供预编译轮子。可以尝试指定tokenizers的版本，或者使用PyPI上提供的二进制包。 例如：`pip install tokenizers==0.13.3 --no-binary=:all:` 可能会强制从源代码构建，但如果遇到问题，可以尝试去掉`--no-binary`来安装预编译版本（如果有的话）。 5. 升级pip和setuptools：旧版本的pip和setuptools可能不支持构建某些包。 `pip install --upgrade pip setuptools wheel` 6. 使用虚拟环境：避免系统环境混乱，建议在虚拟环境中安装。 `python -m venv myenv` `source myenv/bin/activate` (Linux/macOS) 或 `myenv\Scripts\activate` (Windows) 7. 操作系统兼容性：如果是Windows系统，可能需要安装Visual Studio Build Tools（包含C++构建工具），并确保安装时选择了“使用C++的桌面开发”工作负载。 8. 如果你仍然遇到问题，可以尝试直接从transformers的预构建轮子安装，但是transformers 4.28.1版本可能要求特定版本的tokenizers。你可以尝试先安装tokenizers再安装transformers: `pip install tokenizers==0.13.3` `pip install transformers==4.28.1` 9. 查看完整的错误日志：运行pip install时添加`-v`选项以获取详细输出，有助于诊断问题。 如果上述步骤都不能解决问题，请提供具体的错误信息。 相关问题： 1. 如何检查Rust是否安装成功？ 2. 在Windows上安装Rust编译器有哪些注意事项？ 3. 如何为transformers库指定tokenizers的版本？ 4. 为什么需要Python开发头文件？ 5. 如何创建和激活Python虚拟环境？ </think> 在安装transformers 4.28.1时构建tokenizers轮子失败的常见解决方案如下，这些问题通常源于Rust编译环境或系统依赖缺失： ### 1. 安装/更新Rust编译器（必需） tokenizers库依赖Rust编译，执行以下命令： ```bash # 安装或更新Rust curl --proto '=https' --tlsv1.2 -sSf https://sh.rustup.rs | sh source $HOME/.cargo/env rustup update ``` ### 2. 安装系统构建依赖 根据操作系统选择： - **Ubuntu/Debian**: ```bash sudo apt-get install python3-dev build-essential cmake ``` - **Windows**： 安装[Microsoft C++ Build Tools](https://visualstudio.microsoft.com/visual-cpp-build-tools/)，勾选"C++桌面开发"组件 - **macOS**: ```bash xcode-select --install # 安装Xcode命令行工具 ``` ### 3. 升级构建工具链 ```bash pip install --upgrade pip setuptools wheel ``` ### 4. 指定安装方式（关键步骤） 尝试强制使用预编译轮子或源码构建： ```bash # 方案A：尝试预编译轮子 pip install transformers==4.28.1 --only-binary=tokenizers # 方案B：显式安装tokenizers pip install tokenizers==0.13.3 # transformers 4.28.1的兼容版本 pip install transformers==4.28.1 ``` ### 5. 环境隔离建议 使用虚拟环境避免冲突： ```bash python -m venv .env source .env/bin/activate # Linux/macOS .env\Scripts\activate # Windows ``` ### 6. 验证安装 ```python from transformers import pipeline; print(pipeline('sentiment-analysis')('I love this!')) ``` > **典型错误处理**： > - **`error: can't find Rust compiler`** → 确认Rust安装后执行 `rustc --version` > - **`Microsoft Visual C++ 14.0 required`** → 安装[VC++ 2015-2022 Redistributable](https://aka.ms/vs/17/release/vc_redist.x64.exe) > - **`failed to run custom build command for tokenizers`** → 升级Rust：`rustup update nightly && cargo update`