俄罗斯方块学生网页设计简单制作(html+css+js)
时间: 2025-08-01 14:43:35 浏览: 9
<think>我们参考用户提供的引用内容,特别是引用[1]、[2]、[3]、[4]都是关于俄罗斯方块游戏的实现。用户现在想要一个简单的教程或示例代码,用HTML、CSS和JavaScript实现俄罗斯方块游戏。我们将分步骤实现一个简化版的俄罗斯方块游戏。由于完整代码较长,这里给出关键部分和实现思路。步骤:1.创建HTML结构:游戏板、分数显示等。2.设计CSS样式:游戏板、方块样式等。3.使用JavaScript编写游戏逻辑:-定义方块形状(7种经典形状)-游戏板(二维数组表示)-方块下落、移动、旋转、碰撞检测-消行处理-计分系统注意:为了简化,我们使用纯JavaScript,不使用Canvas(如引用[3])而是用div网格实现(如引用[1]和[2])。以下是示例代码:1.HTML部分:```html<!DOCTYPEhtml><htmllang="en"><head><metacharset="UTF-8"><metaname="viewport"content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0"><title>俄罗斯方块</title><linkrel="stylesheet"href="style.css"></head><body><h1>俄罗斯方块</h1><divclass="game-container"><divclass="game-board"><!--游戏板由10列20行组成,每个单元格用div表示--><!--通过JavaScript动态生成--></div><divclass="game-info"><div>分数:<spanid="score">0</span></div><div>下一个方块:</div><divid="next-piece"></div><buttonid="start-btn">开始/暂停</button></div></div><scriptsrc="script.js"></script></body></html>```2.CSS样式(style.css)部分:```cssbody{font-family:Arial,sans-serif;display:flex;flex-direction:column;align-items:center;background-color:#f0f0f0;}.game-container{display:flex;}.game-board{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(10,30px);grid-template-rows:repeat(20,30px);gap:1px;background-color:#333;border:2pxsolid#000;}.cell{width:30px;height:30px;background-color:#111;}.filled{background-color:#00f;border:1pxsolidrgba(255,255,255,0.5);}/*下一个方块预览区域*/#next-piece{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(4,20px);grid-template-rows:repeat(4,20px);gap:1px;background-color:#333;margin-top:10px;}.preview-cell{width:20px;height:20px;background-color:#111;}.preview-cell.filled{background-color:#00f;border:1pxsolidrgba(255,255,255,0.5);}```3.JavaScript(script.js)部分:```javascript//游戏常量constROWS=20;constCOLS=10;constCELL_SIZE=30;constEMPTY=0;constFILLED=1;//方块形状定义(7种经典形状,每种形状有4个旋转状态)constSHAPES=[//I[[0,0,0,0],[1,1,1,1],[0,0,0,0],[0,0,0,0]],//J[[1,0,0],[1,1,1],[0,0,0]],//L[[0,0,1],[1,1,1],[0,0,0]],//O[[1,1],[1,1]],//S[[0,1,1],[1,1,0],[0,0,0]],//T[[0,1,0],[1,1,1],[0,0,0]],//Z[[1,1,0],[0,1,1],[0,0,0]]];//颜色数组,每种形状一个颜色constCOLORS=['#00FFFF','#0000FF','#FFA500','#FFFF00','#00FF00','#800080','#FF0000'];//游戏状态letboard=[];//游戏板二维数组letcurrentPiece=null;//当前下落的方块letnextPiece=null;//下一个方块letscore=0;letgameInterval=null;letisPaused=false;//初始化游戏functioninit(){//初始化游戏板board=Array.from({length:ROWS},()=>Array(COLS).fill(EMPTY));//生成游戏板DOMconstgameBoard=document.querySelector('.game-board');gameBoard.innerHTML='';for(letr=0;r<ROWS;r++){for(letc=0;c<COLS;c++){constcell=document.createElement('div');cell.className='cell';cell.id=`cell-${r}-${c}`;gameBoard.appendChild(cell);}}//初始化下一个方块预览区域nextPiece=generatePiece();drawNextPiece();//开始游戏startGame();}//生成随机方块functiongeneratePiece(){constshapeIndex=Math.floor(Math.random()*SHAPES.length);return{shape:SHAPES[shapeIndex],color:COLORS[shapeIndex],row:0,col:Math.floor(COLS/2)-Math.floor(SHAPES[shapeIndex][0].length/2)};}//绘制下一个方块预览functiondrawNextPiece(){constpreview=document.getElementById('next-piece');preview.innerHTML='';for(letr=0;r<4;r++){for(letc=0;c<4;c++){constcell=document.createElement('div');cell.className='preview-cell';if(nextPiece.shape[r]&&nextPiece.shape[r][c]){cell.classList.add('filled');cell.style.backgroundColor=nextPiece.color;}preview.appendChild(cell);}}}//开始游戏functionstartGame(){if(gameInterval)clearInterval(gameInterval);score=0;document.getElementById('score').textContent=score;currentPiece=generatePiece();nextPiece=generatePiece();drawNextPiece();drawBoard();//设置下落间隔gameInterval=setInterval(moveDown,500);//添加键盘事件监听document.addEventListener('keydown',handleKeyPress);document.getElementById('start-btn').addEventListener('click',togglePause);}//暂停/继续functiontogglePause(){isPaused=!isPaused;if(isPaused){clearInterval(gameInterval);}else{gameInterval=setInterval(moveDown,500);}}//键盘控制functionhandleKeyPress(e){if(isPaused)return;switch(e.key){case'ArrowLeft':movePiece(0,-1);break;case'ArrowRight':movePiece(0,1);break;case'ArrowDown':moveDown();break;case'ArrowUp':rotatePiece();break;}}//移动方块functionmovePiece(dr,dc){if(!currentPiece)return;//尝试移动currentPiece.row+=dr;currentPiece.col+=dc;//如果移动后发生碰撞,则回退if(checkCollision()){currentPiece.row-=dr;currentPiece.col-=dc;}else{drawBoard();}}//下落functionmoveDown(){movePiece(1,0);//如果下落到底部发生碰撞,则固定方块if(checkCollision()){currentPiece.row--;lockPiece();clearLines();spawnPiece();}}//旋转方块functionrotatePiece(){if(!currentPiece)return;//保存原始形状constoriginalShape=currentPiece.shape;//转置矩阵(旋转90度)constrows=currentPiece.shape.length;constcols=currentPiece.shape[0].length;constrotated=Array.from({length:cols},()=>Array(rows).fill(0));for(letr=0;r<rows;r++){for(letc=0;c<cols;c++){rotated[c][rows-1-r]=currentPiece.shape[r][c];}}currentPiece.shape=rotated;//如果旋转后发生碰撞,则回退if(checkCollision()){currentPiece.shape=originalShape;}else{drawBoard();}}//检查碰撞functioncheckCollision(){constshape=currentPiece.shape;for(letr=0;r<shape.length;r++){for(letc=0;c<shape[r].length;c++){if(shape[r][c]){constnewRow=currentPiece.row+r;constnewCol=currentPiece.col+c;//检查是否超出边界或与其他方块重叠if(newRow>=ROWS||newCol<0||newCol>=COLS||(newRow>=0&&board[newRow][newCol]!==EMPTY)){returntrue;}}}}returnfalse;}//固定方块functionlockPiece(){constshape=currentPiece.shape;for(letr=0;r<shape.length;r++){for(letc=0;c<shape[r].length;c++){if(shape[r][c]){constboardRow=currentPiece.row+r;constboardCol=currentPiece.col+c;if(boardRow>=0){board[boardRow][boardCol]=currentPiece.color;}}}}}//消行functionclearLines(){letlinesCleared=0;for(letr=ROWS-1;r>=0;r--){//检查一行是否填满if(board[r].every(cell=>cell!==EMPTY)){//移除该行board.splice(r,1);//在顶部添加新行board.unshift(Array(COLS).fill(EMPTY));linesCleared++;r++;//重新检查当前行(因为上一行下移了)}}//更新分数if(linesCleared>0){score+=[100,300,500,800][linesCleared-1]||0;document.getElementById('score').textContent=score;}}//生成新方块functionspawnPiece(){currentPiece=nextPiece;nextPiece=generatePiece();drawNextPiece();//检查游戏结束if(checkCollision()){clearInterval(gameInterval);alleet('游戏结束!得分:'+score);}}//绘制游戏板functiondrawBoard(){//清空所有单元格for(letr=0;r<ROWS;r++){for(letc=0;c<COLS;c++){constcell=document.getElementById(`cell-${r}-${c}`);cell.style.backgroundColor=board[r][c]!==EMPTY?board[r][c]:'#111';cell.classList.toggle('filled',board[r][c]!==EMPTY);}}//绘制当前方块if(currentPiece){constshape=currentPiece.shape;for(letr=0;r<shape.length;r++){for(letc=0;c<shape[r].length;c++){if(shape[r][c]){constboardRow=currentPiece.row+r;constboardCol=currentPiece.col+c;if(boardRow>=0){constcell=document.getElementById(`cell-${boardRow}-${boardCol}`);if(cell){cell.style.backgroundColor=currentPiece.color;cell.classList.add('filled');}}}}}}}//启动游戏window.onload=init;```以上代码实现了一个基本的俄罗斯方块游戏。由于代码较长,实际使用时可能需要调整样式和游戏参数。注意:这个实现是简化版,可能还有优化空间(比如旋转时的碰撞检测可以更精确,以及边界情况处理等)。但作为学生参赛作品,它展示了核心功能。参考了引用[1]中的HTML结构和引用[2]中的新拟态风格设计,以及引用[3]中的游戏逻辑实现。希望这个示例能帮助你开始制作俄罗斯方块游戏!§§相关问题§§1.如何调整俄罗斯方块游戏的下落速度?2.如何为俄罗斯方块游戏添加音效?3.如何实现俄罗斯方块游戏的保存和继续功能?</think>以下是一个使用HTML、CSS和JavaScript实现简单俄罗斯方块游戏的代码示例,结合了引用中的设计思路:
### 俄罗斯方块游戏实现
```html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-CN">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>俄罗斯方块</title>
<style>
body {
font-family: 'Arial', sans-serif;
display: flex;
flex-direction: column;
align-items: center;
background: #f0f0f0;
padding: 20px;
}
.game-container {
display: flex;
gap: 20px;
margin-top: 20px;
}
#game-board {
display: grid;
grid-template-columns: repeat(10, 30px);
grid-template-rows: repeat(20, 30px);
gap: 1px;
background: #111;
border: 2px solid #333;
box-shadow: 0 10px 20px rgba(0,0,0,0.2);
}
.cell {
width: 30px;
height: 30px;
background: #222;
border-radius: 2px;
}
.filled {
border: 2px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.5);
}
.game-info {
background: white;
padding: 15px;
border-radius: 10px;
box-shadow: 0 5px 15px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);
}
.controls {
margin-top: 20px;
text-align: center;
}
button {
padding: 8px 15px;
margin: 5px;
background: #4CAF50;
color: white;
border: none;
border-radius: 4px;
cursor: pointer;
font-size: 16px;
}
.next-piece {
margin-top: 20px;
display: grid;
grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 20px);
grid-template-rows: repeat(4, 20px);
gap: 1px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>俄罗斯方块</h1>
<div class="game-container">
<div id="game-board"></div>
<div class="game-info">
<h3>分数: <span id="score">0</span></h3>
<h3>下一个方块:</h3>
<div id="next-piece" class="next-piece"></div>
<div class="controls">
<button id="start-btn">开始游戏</button>
<button id="pause-btn">暂停</button>
<button id="reset-btn">重置</button>
</div>
<p>操作说明: ← → 移动, ↑ 旋转, ↓ 加速下落</p>
</div>
</div>
<script>
// 游戏常量
const ROWS = 20;
const COLS = 10;
const CELL_SIZE = 30;
const EMPTY = 0;
// 方块形状定义
const SHAPES = [
[[1, 1, 1, 1]], // I
[[1, 1, 1], [0, 1, 0]], // T
[[1, 1, 1], [1, 0, 0]], // L
[[1, 1, 1], [0, 0, 1]], // J
[[1, 1], [1, 1]], // O
[[0, 1, 1], [1, 1, 0]], // S
[[1, 1, 0], [0, 1, 1]] // Z
];
// 方块颜色
const COLORS = [
'#00FFFF', // I-青
'#800080', // T-紫
'#FFA500', // L-橙
'#0000FF', // J-蓝
'#FFFF00', // O-黄
'#00FF00', // S-绿
'#FF0000' // Z-红
];
// 游戏状态
let board = [];
let currentPiece = null;
let nextPiece = null;
let score = 0;
let gameInterval = null;
let isPaused = false;
// 初始化游戏板
function initBoard() {
const gameBoard = document.getElementById('game-board');
gameBoard.innerHTML = '';
board = [];
for (let r = 0; r < ROWS; r++) {
board[r] = [];
for (let c = 0; c < COLS; c++) {
board[r][c] = EMPTY;
const cell = document.createElement('div');
cell.className = 'cell';
cell.id = `cell-${r}-${c}`;
gameBoard.appendChild(cell);
}
}
}
// 创建新方块
function createPiece() {
const shapeIndex = Math.floor(Math.random() * SHAPES.length);
return {
shape: SHAPES[shapeIndex],
color: COLORS[shapeIndex],
row: 0,
col: Math.floor(COLS / 2) - Math.floor(SHAPES[shapeIndex][0].length / 2)
};
}
// 绘制下一个方块预览
function drawNextPiece() {
const nextPieceContainer = document.getElementById('next-piece');
nextPieceContainer.innerHTML = '';
for (let r = 0; r < nextPiece.shape.length; r++) {
for (let c = 0; c < nextPiece.shape[r].length; c++) {
if (nextPiece.shape[r][c]) {
const cell = document.createElement('div');
cell.style.backgroundColor = nextPiece.color;
cell.style.border = '1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.5)';
nextPieceContainer.appendChild(cell);
} else {
const cell = document.createElement('div');
cell.style.backgroundColor = '#222';
nextPieceContainer.appendChild(cell);
}
}
}
}
// 绘制游戏板
function drawBoard() {
// 清空游戏板
for (let r = 0; r < ROWS; r++) {
for (let c = 0; c < COLS; c++) {
const cell = document.getElementById(`cell-${r}-${c}`);
cell.style.backgroundColor = board[r][c] !== EMPTY ? board[r][c] : '#222';
cell.className = board[r][c] !== EMPTY ? 'cell filled' : 'cell';
}
}
// 绘制当前方块
if (currentPiece) {
for (let r = 0; r < currentPiece.shape.length; r++) {
for (let c = 0; c < currentPiece.shape[r].length; c++) {
if (currentPiece.shape[r][c]) {
const boardRow = currentPiece.row + r;
const boardCol = currentPiece.col + c;
if (boardRow >= 0 && boardRow < ROWS && boardCol >= 0 && boardCol < COLS) {
const cell = document.getElementById(`cell-${boardRow}-${boardCol}`);
cell.style.backgroundColor = currentPiece.color;
cell.className = 'cell filled';
}
}
}
}
}
}
// 碰撞检测
function checkCollision(piece, offsetRow = 0, offsetCol = 0) {
for (let r = 0; r < piece.shape.length; r++) {
for (let c = 0; c < piece.shape[r].length; c++) {
if (piece.shape[r][c]) {
const newRow = piece.row + r + offsetRow;
const newCol = piece.col + c + offsetCol;
if (
newRow >= ROWS ||
newCol < 0 ||
newCol >= COLS ||
(newRow >= 0 && board[newRow][newCol] !== EMPTY)
) {
return true;
}
}
}
}
return false;
}
// 旋转方块
function rotatePiece() {
if (!currentPiece) return;
// 创建旋转后的形状
const rows = currentPiece.shape.length;
const cols = currentPiece.shape[0].length;
const rotated = Array.from({ length: cols }, () => Array(rows).fill(0));
for (let r = 0; r < rows; r++) {
for (let c = 0; c < cols; c++) {
rotated[c][rows - 1 - r] = currentPiece.shape[r][c];
}
}
const originalShape = currentPiece.shape;
currentPiece.shape = rotated;
// 如果旋转后发生碰撞,恢复原始形状
if (checkCollision(currentPiece)) {
currentPiece.shape = originalShape;
} else {
drawBoard();
}
}
// 移动方块
function movePiece(dr, dc) {
if (!currentPiece) return;
if (!checkCollision(currentPiece, dr, dc)) {
currentPiece.row += dr;
currentPiece.col += dc;
drawBoard();
return true;
}
return false;
}
// 固定方块到游戏板
function lockPiece() {
for (let r = 0; r < currentPiece.shape.length; r++) {
for (let c = 0; c < currentPiece.shape[r].length; c++) {
if (currentPiece.shape[r][c]) {
const boardRow = currentPiece.row + r;
const boardCol = currentPiece.col + c;
if (boardRow >= 0) {
board[boardRow][boardCol] = currentPiece.color;
}
}
}
}
}
// 清除完整的行
function clearLines() {
let linesCleared = 0;
for (let r = ROWS - 1; r >= 0; r--) {
let isRowFull = true;
for (let c = 0; c < COLS; c++) {
if (board[r][c] === EMPTY) {
isRowFull = false;
break;
}
}
if (isRowFull) {
// 移除该行
for (let row = r; row > 0; row--) {
for (let c = 0; c < COLS; c++) {
board[row][c] = board[row - 1][c];
}
}
// 清空顶行
for (let c = 0; c < COLS; c++) {
board[0][c] = EMPTY;
}
linesCleared++;
r++; // 重新检查当前行
}
}
if (linesCleared > 0) {
score += [100, 300, 500, 800][linesCleared - 1] || 1000;
document.getElementById('score').textContent = score;
}
}
// 游戏主循环
function gameLoop() {
if (isPaused) return;
if (!currentPiece) {
currentPiece = nextPiece;
nextPiece = createPiece();
drawNextPiece();
// 检查游戏结束
if (checkCollision(currentPiece)) {
clearInterval(gameInterval);
alleet(`游戏结束!最终得分: ${score}`);
return;
}
}
// 尝试下移方块
if (!movePiece(1, 0)) {
// 无法下移时固定方块
lockPiece();
clearLines();
currentPiece = null;
}
}
// 开始游戏
function startGame() {
if (gameInterval) clearInterval(gameInterval);
initBoard();
score = 0;
document.getElementById('score').textContent = score;
nextPiece = createPiece();
drawNextPiece();
currentPiece = null;
isPaused = false;
gameInterval = setInterval(gameLoop, 500);
}
// 暂停游戏
function pauseGame() {
isPaused = !isPaused;
document.getElementById('pause-btn').textContent = isPaused ? '继续' : '暂停';
}
// 初始化游戏
document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => {
// 事件监听
document.getElementById('start-btn').addEventListener('click', startGame);
document.getElementById('pause-btn').addEventListener('click', pauseGame);
document.getElementById('reset-btn').addEventListener('click', startGame);
// 键盘控制
document.addEventListener('keydown', (e) => {
if (isPaused || !gameInterval) return;
switch(e.key) {
case 'ArrowLeft':
movePiece(0, -1);
break;
case 'ArrowRight':
movePiece(0, 1);
break;
case 'ArrowDown':
movePiece(1, 0);
break;
case 'ArrowUp':
rotatePiece();
break;
}
});
// 初始绘制
initBoard();
});
</script>
</body>
</html>
```
### 核心功能说明
1. **游戏板设计**:
- 使用CSS Grid创建20×10的游戏网格
- 每个单元格使用`div`元素表示
- 新拟态风格UI设计[^2]
2. **方块系统**:
- 7种经典方块形状(I, T, L, J, O, S, Z)
- 每种方块有独特颜色
- 使用二维数组表示方块形状[^3]
3. **游戏逻辑**:
- 碰撞检测:检查边界和已有方块
- 旋转逻辑:矩阵转置实现90度旋转
- 消行算法:检测并移除完整行
- 计分系统:根据消行数计分
4. **用户交互**:
- 键盘控制:方向键移动和旋转
- 按钮控制:开始/暂停/重置
- 下一个方块预览区
### 优化建议
1. **性能优化**:
```javascript
// 使用requestAnimationFrame替代setInterval
function gameLoop() {
if (!isPaused) {
// 游戏逻辑
}
requestAnimationFrame(gameLoop);
}
```
2. **增加功能**:
- 添加本地存储保存最高分
- 实现关卡系统(随分数增加速度)
- 添加游戏音效和动画效果
3. **响应式设计**:
```css
@media (max-width: 768px) {
.game-container {
flex-direction: column;
}
#game-board {
transform: scale(0.8);
}
}
```
这个实现包含了俄罗斯方块的核心功能,代码结构清晰,适合作为学生参赛作品的基础。你可以在此基础上添加更多创意功能,如特殊方块、多人模式或主题切换等。
阅读全文
相关推荐


















