gazebo无法显示(能运行但里面是一片空白),如何解决 报错:robot@robot-virtual-machine:~/桌面/final_homework$ ros2 launch fishbot_description display_robot.launch.py [INFO] [launch]: All log files can be found below /home/robot/.ros/log/2025-06-24-00-20-49-599928-robot-virtual-machine-9501 [INFO] [launch]: Default logging verbosity is set to INFO [INFO] [gazebo-1]: process started with pid [9502] [INFO] [ros2-2]: process started with pid [9504] [INFO] [robot_state_publisher-3]: process started with pid [9506] [INFO] [joint_state_publisher_gui-4]: process started with pid [9508] [INFO] [rviz2-5]: process started with pid [9510] [rviz2-5] qt.qpa.plugin: Could not find the Qt platform plugin "wayland" in "" [robot_state_publisher-3] [WARN] [1750695649.813319615] [robot_state_publisher]: No robot_description parameter, but command-line argument available. Assuming argument is name of URDF file. This backwards compatibility fallback will be removed in the future. [robot_state_publisher-3] [WARN] [1750695649.826852862] [kdl_parser]: The root link base_link has an inertia specified in the URDF, but KDL does not support a root link with an inertia. As a workaround, you can add an extra dummy link to your URDF. [robot_state_publisher-3] [INFO] [1750695649.827031936] [robot_state_publisher]: got segment base_link [robot_state_publisher-3] [INFO] [1750695649.827101073] [robot_state_publisher]: got segment imu_link [robot_state_publisher-3] [INFO] [1750695649.827120086] [robot_state_publisher]: got segment lidar_link [joint_state_publisher_gui-4] qt.qpa.plugin: Could not find the Qt platform plugin "wayland" in "" [gazebo-1] Gazebo multi-robot simulator, version 11.10.2 [gazebo-1] Copyright (C) 2012 Open Source Robotics Foundation. [gazebo-1] Released under the Apache 2 License. [gazebo-1] http://gazebosim.org [gazebo-1] [rviz2-5] [INFO] [1750695650.682274084] [rviz2]: Stereo is NOT SUPPORTED [rviz2-5] [INFO] [1750695650.682997533] [rviz2]: OpenGl version: 4.1 (GLSL 4.1) [gazebo-1] Gazebo multi-robot simulator, version 11.10.2 [gazebo-1] Copyright (C) 2012 Open Source Robotics Foundation. [gazebo-1] Released under the Apache 2 License. [gazebo-1] http://gazebosim.org [gazebo-1] [rviz2-5] [INFO] [1750695650.787656132] [rviz2]: Stereo is NOT SUPPORTED [rviz2-5] [ERROR] [1750695651.002030871] [rviz2]: PluginlibFactory: The plugin for class 'rviz_default_plugins/Imu' failed to load. Error: According to the loaded plugin descriptions the class rviz_default_plugins/Imu with base class type rviz_common::Display does not exist. Declared types are nav2_rviz_plugins/ParticleCloud rviz_default_plugins/AccelStamped rviz_default_plugins/Axes rviz_default_plugins/Camera rviz_default_plugins/DepthCloud rviz_default_plugins/Effort rviz_default_plugins/FluidPressure rviz_default_plugins/Grid rviz_default_plugins/GridCells rviz_default_plugins/Illuminance rviz_default_plugins/Image rviz_default_plugins/InteractiveMarkers rviz_default_plugins/LaserScan rviz_default_plugins/Map rviz_default_plugins/Marker rviz_default_plugins/MarkerArray rviz_default_plugins/Odometry rviz_default_plugins/Path rviz_default_plugins/PointCloud rviz_default_plugins/PointCloud2 rviz_default_plugins/PointStamped rviz_default_plugins/Polygon rviz_default_plugins/Pose rviz_default_plugins/PoseArray rviz_default_plugins/PoseWithCovariance rviz_default_plugins/Range rviz_default_plugins/RelativeHumidity rviz_default_plugins/RobotModel rviz_default_plugins/TF rviz_default_plugins/Temperature rviz_default_plugins/TwistStamped rviz_default_plugins/Wrench [joint_state_publisher_gui-4] [INFO] [1750695651.012208224] [joint_state_publisher_gui]: Waiting for robot_description to be published on the robot_description topic... [gazebo-1] [Wrn] [gazebo_ros_init.cpp:178] [gazebo-1] # # ####### ####### ### ##### ####### [gazebo-1] ## # # # # # # # # [gazebo-1] # # # # # # # # # [gazebo-1] # # # # # # # # ##### [gazebo-1] # # # # # # # # # [gazebo-1] # ## # # # # # # # [gazebo-1] # # ####### # ### ##### ####### [gazebo-1] [gazebo-1] This version of Gazebo, now called Gazebo classic, reaches end-of-life [gazebo-1] in January 2025. Users are highly encouraged to migrate to the new Gazebo [gazebo-1] using our migration guides (https://gazebosim.org/docs/latest/gazebo_classic_migration?utm_source=gazebo_ros_pkgs&utm_medium=cli) [gazebo-1] [gazebo-1] [joint_state_publisher_gui-4] [INFO] [1750695651.076499270] [joint_state_publisher_gui]: Centering [ros2-2] [INFO] [1750695651.294862637] [spawn_entity]: Spawn Entity started [ros2-2] [INFO] [1750695651.296018549] [spawn_entity]: Loading entity XML from file /home/robot/桌面/final_homework/install/fishbot_description/share/fishbot_description/urdf/first_robot.urdf [ros2-2] [INFO] [1750695651.298336590] [spawn_entity]: Waiting for service /spawn_entity, timeout = 30 [ros2-2] [INFO] [1750695651.299681322] [spawn_entity]: Waiting for service /spawn_entity [joint_state_publisher_gui-4] [INFO] [1750695651.411230857] [joint_state_publisher_gui]: Centering [gazebo-1] [Msg] Waiting for master. [gazebo-1] [Msg] Connected to gazebo master @ http://127.0.0.1:11345 [gazebo-1] [Msg] Publicized address: 192.168.150.128 [gazebo-1] [Wrn] [GuiIface.cc:120] Could not find the Qt platform plugin "wayland" in "" [gazebo-1] [Err] [InsertModelWidget.cc:403] Missing model.config for model "/home/robot/.gazebo/models/wpr_simulation2" [gazebo-1] context mismatch in svga_surface_destroy [gazebo-1] context mismatch in svga_surface_destroy [gazebo-1] [Wrn] [Publisher.cc:135] Queue limit reached for topic /gazebo/default/user_camera/pose, deleting message. This warning is printed only once. [ros2-2] [ERROR] [1750695681.462499528] [spawn_entity]: Service /spawn_entity unavailable. Was Gazebo started with GazeboRosFactory? [ros2-2] [ERROR] [1750695681.464526737] [spawn_entity]: Spawn service failed. Exiting. [ros2-2] [ros2run]: Process exited with failure 1 [ERROR] [ros2-2]: process has died [pid 9504, exit code 1, cmd 'ros2 run gazebo_ros spawn_entity.py -entity first_robot -file /home/robot/桌面/final_homework/install/fishbot_description/share/fishbot_description/urdf/first_robot.urdf']. 除此之外,imu也无法显示
时间: 2025-07-29 16:34:00 浏览: 36
<think>我们正在解决Gazebo无法显示模型、spawn_entity服务不可用、IMU无法显示以及可能出现的QtWayland插件缺失等问题。Gazebo版本为11.10.2(经典版),ROS2环境。根据引用内容,我们可以归纳出以下关键点:1.**spawn_entity服务不可用**:错误提示`ERROR:Service%s/spawn_entityunavailable.WasGazebostartedwithGazeboRosFactory?`(引用[1])。解决方案是确保Gazebo启动时加载了必要的ROS插件,特别是`libgazebo_ros_factory.so`(引用[3])。2.**Gazebo模型路径问题**:可能导致模型无法显示。需要设置`GAZEBO_MODEL_PATH`环境变量(引用[4])。3.**Gazebo进程崩溃**:错误`[gzserver-1]:processhasdied`(引用[1])。可能由多种原因引起,包括插件加载失败或资源路径错误。4.**QtWayland插件缺失**:可能导致Gazebo客户端(GUI)无法正常显示。5.**IMU无法显示**:可能由于模型加载问题或传感器插件未正确加载。**解决方案步骤:**###1.确保Gazebo启动时加载ROS插件运行Gazebo时,需要加载ROS插件以提供ROS接口服务(如`spawn_entity`)。根据引用[3],启动Gazebo时应使用:```bashgazebo--verbose-slibgazebo_ros_factory.so```在ROS2中,通常通过启动文件或节点来启动Gazebo,但有时可能需要手动指定插件。###2.设置Gazebo模型路径如果Gazebo找不到模型,会导致空白屏幕或模型无法生成。设置环境变量`GAZEBO_MODEL_PATH`,添加TurtleBot3模型路径(引用[4]):```bashexportGAZEBO_MODEL_PATH=$GAZEBO_MODEL_PATH:/opt/ros/galactic/share/turtlebot3_gazebo/models```注意:根据你的ROS2发行版(如humble)和安装路径调整上述路径。建议将此行添加到`~/.bashrc`中。###3.检查Gazebo版本兼容性使用Gazebo经典版11.10.2,确保与ROS2版本兼容。例如,ROS2Humble通常与GazeboFortress(新版本)或GazeboClassic(旧版)兼容,但需确认。###4.解决QtWayland插件缺失问题如果遇到QtWayland插件缺失,可以尝试设置环境变量以使用X11渲染:```bashexportQT_QPA_PLATFORM=xcb```###5.确保正确生成机器人生成机器人时,确保使用正确的节点和服务。引用[2]提到节点`gazebo_ros/spawn_model`用于生成模型。###综合解决方案:结合以上步骤,我们可以按照以下方式尝试:####步骤1:设置环境变量打开终端,执行以下命令:```bash#设置Gazebo模型路径(根据你的ROS2发行版调整路径)exportGAZEBO_MODEL_PATH=$GAZEBO_MODEL_PATH:/opt/ros/humble/share/turtlebot3_gazebo/models#如果使用Wayland显示服务器出现问题,切换到X11exportQT_QPA_PLATFORM=xcb#设置插件路径(如果需要)exportGAZEBO_PLUGIN_PATH=${GAZEBO_PLUGIN_PATH}:/opt/ros/humble/lib/```####步骤2:启动Gazebo并加载ROS插件```bash#启动Gazebo服务器并加载ROS插件gzserver--verbose-slibgazebo_ros_factory.so&#启动Gazebo客户端(GUI)gzclient&```####步骤3:生成机器人在另一个终端中,使用`ros2run`命令生成机器人:```bashros2rungazebo_rosspawn_entity.py-entityturtlebot3_burger-topicrobot_description```注意:确保`robot_description`话题上有正确的机器人URDF。####步骤4:检查IMU显示如果IMU仍然无法显示,检查机器人URDF中IMU传感器的配置,确保Gazebo插件正确加载。###调试提示:-如果Gazebo服务器崩溃,查看终端输出以获取错误信息。-使用`ros2nodelist`和`ros2servicelist`检查`/spawn_entity`服务是否可用。###相关问题:1.如何检查Gazebo是否正确加载了ROS插件?2.除了设置环境变量,还有哪些方法解决Gazebo模型路径问题?3.ROS2中如何正确配置和使用IMU传感器?</think>### Gazebo问题解决方案:模型无法显示、spawn_entity服务不可用、IMU未显示
#### 1. **解决spawn_entity服务不可用问题**
错误`ERROR: Service spawn_entity unavailable`表明Gazebo未加载ROS插件。解决方案:
```bash
# 启动Gazebo时强制加载ROS插件
gazebo --verbose -s libgazebo_ros_factory.so
```
或修改启动文件添加插件参数:
```xml
<executable cmd="gzserver -s libgazebo_ros_factory.so ..." />
```
> 必须确保Gazebo启动时加载`libgazebo_ros_factory.so`插件以启用ROS服务[^3]。
#### 2. **修复Gazebo空白屏幕(模型不显示)**
**步骤:**
1. **设置模型路径**:
```bash
export GAZEBO_MODEL_PATH=$GAZEBO_MODEL_PATH:/opt/ros/galactic/share/turtlebot3_gazebo/models
# 永久生效:添加到~/.bashrc
echo 'export GAZEBO_MODEL_PATH=$GAZEBO_MODEL_PATH:/opt/ros/galactic/share/turtlebot3_gazebo/models' >> ~/.bashrc
```
2. **解决Qt Wayland插件缺失**:
```bash
# 强制使用X11渲染
export QT_QPA_PLATFORM=xcb
```
3. **验证资源加载**:
```bash
gazebo --verbose # 查看控制台输出的资源加载日志
```
#### 3. **修复IMU未显示问题**
IMU缺失通常由传感器配置错误引起:
1. 检查URDF文件中的IMU插件配置:
```xml
<gazebo reference="imu_link">
<sensor type="imu" name="imu_sensor">
<plugin filename="libgazebo_ros_imu_sensor.so" name="imu_plugin">
<ros>
<namespace>/imu</namespace>
</ros>
</plugin>
</sensor>
</gazebo>
```
2. 确保IMU话题已发布:
```bash
ros2 topic list | grep imu # 应显示/imu/data
```
#### 4. **版本兼容性检查(Gazebo 11.10.2)**
确认ROS2发行版与Gazebo版本兼容:
- ROS2 Humble → Gazebo Fortress (推荐)
- ROS2 Galactic/Foxy → Gazebo Garden/Classic
```bash
sudo apt install ros-${ROS_DISTRO}-gazebo-ros-pkgs # 安装匹配版本
```
### 完整启动流程示例
```bash
# 终端1: 启动带插件的Gazebo服务
export QT_QPA_PLATFORM=xcb
gzserver -s libgazebo_ros_factory.so /opt/ros/humble/share/turtlebot3_gazebo/worlds/turtlebot3_world.world
# 终端2: 启动GUI
gzclient
# 终端3: 生成机器人
ros2 run gazebo_ros spawn_entity.py -entity tb3 -file $(ros2 pkg prefix turtlebot3_gazebo)/share/turtlebot3_gazebo/models/turtlebot3_burger/model.sdf
```
### 关键验证点
- ✅ 检查`ros2 service list`是否包含`/spawn_entity`
- ✅ 控制台无`Failed to find model`错误
- ✅ `gz topic -l`应列出IMU传感器话题
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