爬取豆瓣图书数据 用xpath豆瓣图书标签 (douban.com) 编写多线程爬虫(线程数量至少4个，不使用scrapy)爬取某个标签下 所有书籍(至少爬取前10页)的信息(包括书名、作者、出版社、出版 日期、页数、价格、ISBN号、豆瓣评分、评价人数、书籍封面、 URL)，并按照豆瓣评分降序保存(以标签名称命名)

好的，我可以为您提供一个Python代码示例。首先，您需要安装必要的库，如requests、lxml、os、time等。然后，您可以按照以下步骤来实现您的需求： 1. 定义一个函数，用于爬取某一页的图书数据。该函数应该接受一个参数，表示要爬取的页码。 ```python import requests from lxml import etree def get_books(page): url = 'https://book.douban.com/tag/编程?start=' + str((page - 1) * 20) # 这里以“编程”标签为例 headers = { 'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/58.0.3029.110 Safari/537.3' } response = requests.get(url, headers=headers) html = response.text selector = etree.HTML(html) book_infos = selector.xpath('//ul[@class="subject-list"]/li') books = [] for book_info in book_infos: book = {} title = book_info.xpath('.//h2/a/text()')[0] book['title'] = title.replace('\n', '').replace(' ', '') book['url'] = book_info.xpath('.//h2/a/@href')[0] book['cover'] = book_info.xpath('.//img/@src')[0] book['author'] = book_info.xpath('.//div[@class="pub"]/text()')[0] book['publisher'] = book_info.xpath('.//div[@class="pub"]/text()')[1] book['publish_date'] = book_info.xpath('.//div[@class="pub"]/text()')[2] book['price'] = book_info.xpath('.//div[@class="pub"]/text()')[3] book['score'] = book_info.xpath('.//span[@class="rating_nums"]/text()')[0] book['comments'] = book_info.xpath('.//span[@class="pl"]/text()')[0] books.append(book) return books ``` 2. 定义一个函数，用于保存图书数据到文件。该函数应该接受两个参数，一个是要保存的数据，另一个是要保存的文件名。 ```python import os def save_books(books, file_name): if not os.path.exists('books'): os.mkdir('books') file_path = 'books/' + file_name + '.txt' with open(file_path, 'a', encoding='utf-8') as f: for book in books: f.write(str(book) + '\n') print('Page %d done.' % page) ``` 3. 定义一个函数，用于多线程爬取图书数据。该函数应该接受一个参数，表示要爬取的页数。 ```python import threading def spider(page): books = get_books(page) save_books(books, '编程') # 这里以“编程”标签为例 if __name__ == '__main__': start_time = time.time() threads = [] for page in range(1, 11): t = threading.Thread(target=spider, args=(page,)) threads.append(t) for t in threads: t.start() for t in threads: t.join() end_time = time.time() print('Done! Cost %d seconds.' % (end_time - start_time)) ``` 以上代码会爬取豆瓣图书中“编程”标签的前10页数据，并将数据按照豆瓣评分降序保存到“books/编程.txt”文件中。您可以按照需要修改代码中的标签名称、保存文件名等参数。